经济学人:朝鲜经济:下一个越南?别指望了(2)
日期:2018-08-21 16:40

(单词翻译:单击)

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中英文本

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Nevertheless North Korea is different from Vietnam in three ways that could hurt.
不过朝鲜和越南存在三方面的不同点,这或许对朝鲜而言是个打击@i,WnxNWGA*8
In Vietnam's south, its economic heartland, collectivisation of farms and factories lasted just ten years before private ownership was restored.
越南南部是它的经济腹地,在恢复私人所有制之前,这里的农业和工业集体化已经持续了十年4-S7ba*G_w^S%%Bj
People who had previously run businesses were able to get quickly back in the game.
以前经营商业的人可以迅速在这场游戏中恢复ARPkg07T0wek
After 65 years of juche, the national ideology of self-reliance, North Koreans are starting from scratch.
经过65年的自主(自力更生的国家意识形态)后,朝鲜正在从头开始oyqVhZBdREw]L6y7~
The growth of informal food and goods markets in recent years shows some entrepreneurship, but the learning curve for big firms will be much steeper.
近些年非正规食品和商品市场的增长展现出了一些企业家精神,但是对大型公司的经验学习曲线将更加崎岖zXVXQ7p8v,aB%n71
The structure of North Korea's economy also complicates matters.
朝鲜经济的结构也使得这些问题复杂化nz1jipad)7Qlr9_I_qn=
More than 70% of the workforce in both Vietnam in the mid-1980s and China in the late 1970s (when its economic reforms started) was in agriculture.
20世纪80年代中期的越南以及20世纪70年代后期的中国(当时刚开始经济改革),两国超过70%的劳动力都在农业领域))eAtlVf4Sq6
Simple changes to incentivesletting farmers profit from the sale of their own crops, for example-led to a surge of agricultural productivity.
对激励因素做出简单的变化—例如,让农民从自产的农作物中获利—就能引起农业生产力的剧增Sn5%@t5yuT^1((n
And the exodus of workers from farms generated a pool of cheap labour for factories, fuelling the rise of export industries.
并且农业工人的大批离去为工业提供了大批廉价劳动力,刺激了出口产业的增长WlDdN~U&Q3rQwRo~T;&
By contrast, more than 60% of North Korea's population already lives in cities.
相比之下,朝鲜超过60%的人口已经生活在了城市Cg6|vHd@WX0~Hirq9(@
For big productivity gains, the government will need to overhaul moribund industries.
对于生产率的大幅提高而言,政府将需要对其停滞不前的工业进行改革@z77^rf1dfb4(-zu
In that respect North Korea resembles eastern Europe after the Soviet Union's demise,
在这一方面,朝鲜就像是苏联瓦解后的东欧一样,
says Marcus Noland of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a think-tank in Washington.
白宫智囊团成员、彼得森国际经济研究所的马库斯·诺兰说道gyJBGG.A.Hl]iX^76dqh

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朝鲜经济:下一个越南?别指望了(2).jpg

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"There will be losers," he says. Unemployment might soar. Privatisation could increase already rampant corruption even further.
“将会出现输家,”他说#fxt|On%NMHR5eUPHR。失业率或许会激增jjUaQwi3QZdIs。私有化可能会进一步刺激已存在的猖獗的腐败N&zRUWd+^Wr
Sitting between China, South Korea and Japan, North Korea should find it easy to attract capital to create jobs.
坐落于中国、韩国与日本之间,朝鲜应该能够轻易吸引资本创造就业pUE9bbg56O-NNptxbvI8
But its record for foreign investors is poor: it seized South Korean assets at their showpiece joint industrial park in 2016 when relations deteriorated.
但是朝鲜的外资记录很糟糕:2016年,朝韩两国关系恶化时,朝鲜在联合工业园区内查封了韩国的展柜3_3a#oPKjjowvL7d8P
Another weakness for North Korea is demography.
朝鲜的另一个弱势是其人口S%=40Z19M1&CLZ@oL&M[
When Vietnam and China embarked on reforms they were both young countries, with median ages of about 20.
越南和中国开始改革时,两国均为年轻的国家,人口平均年龄约为20岁3[(SswiUE@yH*Jqd
They had many workers and few elderly dependent on them. In North Korea, the median age is already 34, making it even older than Vietnam today.
两国内有很多劳动力,需要赡养的老年人很少(jOqY,8]P4E~z。在朝鲜,他们的平均年龄已是34岁了,比如今的越南平均年龄还大4bqU0*Bg,%FeCFT|Bh
As China ages, officials worry that it will get old before it gets rich. In North Korea the risk is that it will get old while it is still impoverished.
随着中国人口年纪的增长,官方担心国家在富裕前,人口就已经衰老Ka_@kYFEo6fkgc@dlI。在朝鲜,其风险在于,人口衰老时,国家仍未脱贫qLLVaC9hku.T.p@;K#
All the more reason for Mr. Kim to get cracking on economic reform. He may have little hope of building the next Vietnam.
金正恩更有理由开始经济改革%2CovF9NuGE。或许他建立下一个越南的希望渺茫PM&o=G_^6k]2fH4
But better that he look to the outside world than keep North Korea entombed.
但是好在他将目光投向了外边的世界而不是让朝鲜与世隔绝wT5vdrv;mV

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词语解释

1.be different from 与...不同
He wants to push himself forward and be different from the others.
他就爱出风头,搞个人突出^U~7tY!dYZsN99mQzq
2.complicate 使...复杂化
What complicates the issue is the burden of history.
使问题复杂化是历史的重负vL(Fc!*z@A%@-
3.resemble 类似;像
So many hotels resemble each other.
许多酒店看上去都差不多M02=L-bdC-rpI~Q8|]u
4.embark on 着手
Redundancy is the spur for many to embark on new careers.
裁员促使很多人开始从事新事业~0_AfkN59D1n4.-[Hp

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