vertigo
【考法 1】 n. 眩晕： a dizzy confused state of mind
【例】 He had a dreadful attack of vertigo at the top of the tower. 他站在塔顶，感到一阵令人窒息的眩晕。
【近】 dizziness, giddiness
【反】 sobriety 清醒
verve
【考法 1】 n. 活力，热情： vitality, liveliness
【例】 The instrumentalists played with skill and verve. 器乐表演者们有着高超的技巧与饱满的热情
【近】 animation, dynamism, energy, exuberance, liveliness, robustness, vibrancy, vigorousness, vim, vitality
【反】 lethargy, listlessness, sluggishness, torpidity 精神不振
vessel
【考法 1】 n.管： a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body fluid is contained and conveyed or circulated
【例】 blood vessel 血管
【近】 artery, vein
【考法 2】 n. 船，舰艇： a watercraft bigger than a rowboat
【例】 the largest military vessel afloat 最大的军用舰艇
【近】 boat, cruiser, destroyer, ferry, ship, watercraft
vestige
【考法 1】 n. 微小的遗迹，小痕迹： the smallest quantity or trace
【例】 A few strange words carved on a stone were the only vestige of the lost civilization. 石碑上刻着的几个奇怪的字符是这个失落文明的唯一的遗迹。‖the fossilized vestige of a dinosaur that traversed that muddy landscape millions of years ago 千万年横跨那块泥泞土壤的恐龙的化石碎片
【近】 echo, ghost, relic, remain, remnant, residual, shadow, trace
【派】 vestigial adj. 残留的；退化的
vestigial
【考法 1】 adj. 退化的，发育不全的： (of certain organs or parts of organisms) having attained a simple structure and reduced size and function during the evolution of the species
【例】 snake that has vestigial limbs 拥有退化四肢的蛇
【近】 incomplete, rudimentary, undeveloped
【反】 adult, full-blown, full-fledged, matured, ripe, ripened 成熟的，发育完全的
veteran
【考法 1】 n. 老兵，有丰富经验的人： one having knowledge or ability gained through long experience
【例】 As a veteran of overseas travel, she offered us solid advice about planning our trip. 作为一名资深的旅行家，她给了我们提供了许多关于旅行规划的中肯建议。
【近】 doyen, expert, master, maven, warhorse
【反】 beginner, colt, fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, neophyte, novice, recruit, rookie, tenderfoot, tyro 新手
【考法 2】 adj. 经验丰富的，资深的： having or showing exceptional knowledge, experience, or skill in a field of endeavor
【例】 She is a veteran teacher who can mentor new teachers. 她的教师资历都老到可以教新教师了。
【近】 accomplished, adept, consummate, experienced, masterful, professed, skilled, versed, virtuoso
【反】 amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled, unskillful 业余的，经验不足的
veto
【考法 1】 n./vt. 否决，禁止： to forbid or prohibit authoritatively
【例】 The President vetoed the bill. 总统否决了提案。‖We wanted to do a cross-country trip, but our parents vetoed it. 我们想来一次跨国旅行，但是父母不肯批准。
【近】 blackball, decline, disallow, disapprove, kill, negative, refuse, reject
【反】 accredit, approbate, authorize, clear, confirm, finalize, formalize, ratify, sanction, warrant 批准
vex
【考法 1】 vt. 使烦恼，使恼怒： to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to
【例】 vexed by her son's failure to clean his room 因为她儿子不清理房间而恼怒
【近】 aggravate, annoy, bother, exasperate, gall, grate, irk, nettle, peeve, rile
【反】 appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 平息怒火
【派】 vexation n. 烦恼
viable
【考法 1】 adj. 可行的： capable of being done or carried out
【例】 a viable solution to the problem 解决问题的一个可行方案
【近】 achievable, attainable, doable, feasible, practicable, realizable, workable
【反】 hopeless, impossible, impracticable, infeasible, unattainable, unviable, unworkable 不可行的
【派】 viability n. 可行性
vicarious
【考法 1】 adj. 代理的，取代的： performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the
benefit or advantage of another
【例】 use Internet as a vicarious form of social life 把互联网当作一种虚拟的社交生活
【近】 indirect, substitute, surrogate
【反】 firsthand 直接的