deprivation

【考法1】n. 匮乏：the condition of being deprived; privation

【例】serioussleep deprivation caused by long work hours 由长时间工作导致的严重睡眠不足

【反】fecundity 丰饶

deracinate

【考法1】vt. 根除：to pull out by the roots; uproot

【反】plant 种植

derelict

【考法1】adj. 玩忽职守的, 不认真的：lacking a sense of duty;marked by a carelessly easy manner

【例】the guardswere judged derelict in their duty 守卫们被判玩忽职守罪

【近】disregardful, lax, neglectful, neglecting, remiss, slack

【反】extremelycareful, attentive, conscientious, nonnegligent 特别仔细的

【考法2】n. 被社会遗弃的人：a destitute homeless social misfit

【例】a sectionof the city that seemed to be frequented mostly by derelicts 流浪汉的集中区

【近】deserted,desolate, disused, forgotten, forsaken, rejected

【反】pillar ofsociety 社会的栋梁

deride

【考法1】vt. 嘲弄，嘲笑：to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth

【例】mybrothers derided our efforts, but were forced to eat their words when we wonfirst place 我 的兄 弟 嘲

笑我们的努力，但是当我们得了第一名以后不得不收回那些话

【近】gibe,jeer, mock, scout, shoot down, laugh at

【反】praise 赞美

【派】derisionn. 嘲弄：contemptuousor jeering laughter; ridicule

【反】veneration尊敬

derivative

【考法1】adj. 非原创的：lacking originality: banal

【例】theirdull, derivative debut album 他们毫无新义的首张专辑

【近】secondhand

【反】original,innovative, precursory 原创的，先驱的

descend

【考法1】v. 下降：to lead or extend downward

【例】thepathway descends to the river bank 通道一直向下延伸到河岸

【近】dip, fall,plunge, sink

【反】arise,ascend, climb, mount, upsweep, upturn

【考法2】v. 世代相传：to originate or come from an ancestral stock or source, to pass byinheritance

【例】The househas descended through four generations. 这座房子已经传了四代。a tradition descending

from colonial days 殖民时期传递下来的一项传统

descendant

【考法1】n. 后代：one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype

【例】They aredescendants of the original English and Scottish settlers. 他们是最早一批英格兰和苏格兰定

居者的后裔。

【反】forbears 祖先

desecrate

【考法1】vt. 亵渎，玷污：to treat (a sacred place or object) shamefully or with greatdisrespect

【例】desecratethe shrine 亵渎圣地

【近】defile,profane, violate

【反】sanctify,revere, hallow 尊敬，视为神圣

desiccate

【考法1】vt. 使（食物）脱水以保存，使干燥：to preserve (a food) by drying

【例】add a cupof desiccated coconut to the mix 加一杯椰蓉进行搅拌

【近】dehydrate,parch, scorch, sear

【反】add waterto, hydrate, drench 加水，浸透

【派】desiccantn. 干燥剂：a dryingagent (as calcium chloride)

【考法2】v. 缺乏活力：to deprive of emotional or intellectual vitality

【例】thathistorian's dryasdust prose desiccates what is actually an exciting period inEuropean history 那

位历史学家枯燥无味的散文让欧洲一段扣人心弦的历史变得乏味单调

【近】brace,castrate, dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate

【反】energize,enliven, invigorate, stimulate, vitalize 使生机勃勃

designate

【考法1】v. 任命：to pick (someone) by one's authority for a specific position orduty

【例】he has yetto designate his successor as head of the firm 他还没有给公司选定接班人

【近】assign,commission, constitute, nominate, place

【反】discharge,dismiss, expel, fire 解雇，开除

【考法2】v. 命名：to give a name to

【例】he wasdesignated Air Jordan by his fans 他被粉丝们称为飞人乔丹

【近】denominate, dub, entitle, label, style, term, title