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SAT语法:态度单词例题解析(1)
日期:2013-01-22 17:48

(单词翻译:单击)

  一 在开始上课之前先送给同学们人生当中的26个字母,如何得到朋友和尊重(左)

  以及什么样的人永远不会得到朋友和尊重(右)

  A—Altruistic(利他主义的)

  B—Benefactor(做一个积极的行善者)

  C—Compassionate(同情别人)

  D—Decorous/decorum(对任何人要有礼貌)

  E—Empathy(要与你的真心朋友心灵相通)

  F—Felicitous(对任何人说话要得体)

  G—Grateful(感恩的心)

  H—Hospitality(来者皆为客)

  I—Integrity(对任何人都要正直,诚实)

  J—Judicious(要有判断力,分清朋友,敌人)

  K—Knowledgeable(有知识,能吸引任何人)

  L—Lenient(别人犯了再大错误,仁慈一些)

  M—Magnanimous(同时还要再宽宏大量)

  N—Notable(受人尊敬)

  O—Outgoing(为人友善)

  P—Prestigious(做一个有威信的人)

  Q—Quiet(别人说话,该闭嘴时就闭嘴)

  R—Reverent(为人虔诚)

  S—Solicitous(时常挂念你所珍惜的人)

  T—Trustful(值得信任)

  U—Unanimous(维持和朋友们意见一致)

  V—Venerate(尊敬别人)

  W—Wait(学会等待别人)

  X—X factor(看人顺眼,会爱乌及乌)

  Y—Yearn(真诚的渴望是得到的前提)

  Z—Zest(做到以上这些是极大的生活乐趣)A—abhorrent (一让人看到就很可恨)

  B—beguile(骗),belittle(轻视),betray,berate....

  C—cajole(哄骗别人)

  D—demanding(要求苛刻的)

  E—egocentric(利己主义的)

  F—fastidious(对待朋友相当挑剔)

  G—gauche(不懂社会礼仪)

  H—haughty(为人高傲)

  I—ignorance(没有知识就没有吸引力)

  J—jeer(喜欢嘲笑别人)

  K—knave(恶棍)

  L—levity(做事轻浮,为人轻率)

  M—malign(喜好诽谤别人)

  N—notorious(认识他的人都说他臭名昭著)

  O—obdurate(坚持己见,非常固执)

  P—peevish(脾气暴躁)

  Q—querulous(不会安慰别人,经常发牢骚)

  R—reckless(做事鲁莽)

  S—sarcastic,sardonic,satirical (喜挖苦别人)

  T—timorous(胆小怕事)

  U—unctuous(油腔滑调)

  V—vindictive(报复性特别强)

  W—wicked (做事缺德,极度邪恶)

  X—X factor (看人不顺眼了,会恨乌及乌)

  Y—yen(不好的习惯成瘾)

  Z—zoo(绝对没进化完,应送往动物园)

  1.felicitous:指话语,行为得体的,合适的,比如a felicitous writer为一位善于措辞的作家。Felicitous translation是指终于原文的合适的翻译。

  2.judicious:词根jud表示判断,聪明的意思,比如judge,所以judicious表示有判断力的,marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters.

  Wemmick, the soul of kindness in private, is obliged in_____ to be uncompassionate and even____ on behalf of his employer, the harsh lawyer Jaggers.

  (A) conclusion, careless

  (B) principle, contradictory

  (C) theory, esoteric

  (D) court, judicious

  (E) public, ruthless

  这道题会有很多同学选D,显然是还没有熟悉填空题做题的真谛!选D就句子意思上来说通,但是作为填空题,逻辑不通,不然kindness in private,uncompassionate,even不都是没用了吗?所以学好词汇是前提,同时对填空题,阅读题,要熟悉考点,这个在以后填空阅读课上会仔细的讲。

  3. lenient: not strict 仁慈的

  Paradoxically, Helen, who had been a strict mother to her children, proved__ mistress to her cats.

  (A) a harsh

  (B) an indolent

  (C) an ambivalent

  (D) a cautious

  (E) a lenient

  4. magnanimous: 这个单词的词根构成非常重要,magn(大,宽广)+anim(生命,精神),慷慨的,magnify(扩大),magnate(巨头),magniloquent(夸张,loqu,说),magnitude(重要性,星球的光亮度);animation, animated, animal, unanimous(uni一+anim精神,心一致,全体一致的),pusillanimous(pusill,怕死哦+anim精神)胆小懦弱的;另外从辞源学上来说animus ,animosity都表示敌意的意思,后来怕和其他anim词根单词意思相混淆,所以才开发了enemy(即把a,i都换成e)以及enmity,也即 animus,animosity,enemy,enmity都是“敌意的”意思。

  (1)Because the congresswoman has been so openhanded with many of her constituents, it is difficult to reconcile this___ with her private___.

  (A) selfishness, inattention

  (B) insolence, virtue

  (C) magnanimity, pettiness

  (D) opportunism, ambition

  (E) solicitousness, generosity

  magnanimous/openhanded <> petty/miserly

  (2)Since the mid-eighteenth century, there has been much__ between the cultures of France and Germany despite the frequent___ between those two countries.

  (A) communication, alliances

  (B) hatred, opposition

  (C) interaction, enmity

  (D) antagonism, misunderstandings

  (E) hostility, alienation

  5. reverent: 虔诚的,尊敬的,来自于revere 尊敬,我们先记一个词根,有一本很古老的拉丁文书《Vere a? Fantazie》(《真实还是幻想?》)这里vere(或ver)是“真实的”意思,因为真实的都是要受到认真对待的,所以后来又引申为“尊重”的意思,比如说

  (1)revere(re一再+vere尊重)尊重,而且程度要比respect要高,从辞源学上来说,respect(re+spect看)只是表示很尊重,所以很笼统,而revere是理解对方之后发自内心的那种尊重;(2)severe严厉的,严重的,severe(se分开,不再+vere 尊重,和其他人之间不再又尊重,所以对你就比较严厉了),severe(se分开+vere事实,偏离了真实,那么后果当然是非常严重的)。

  Eg:Don't be so severe to her---she couldn't help it.(严厉的)

  The bad harvest led to severe food shortage. (严重的)

  The columnist almost___ when he mentioned his friends, but he unpleasant and even___ when he discussed people who irritated him.

  A. recalcitrant, laconic

  B. reverential, acrimonious

  C. sensitive, remorseful

  D. insipid, militant

  E. benevolent, stoical

  如果忘记acrimonious是什么意思的同学,应该好好把前面几讲的内容复习一下了。

  6. solicitous: ,我们先讲一下汉字“殷”,说文解字里说:“殷”,左是士兵的各种兵器,右是女人的各种装束,我们可以从上面殷的甲骨文里可以基本上看出来。关于“殷”,在汉语里基本上就这三个词组:殷切(eager,anxious,ardent),殷实(abundant,prosperous,flourish),殷勤(showing a cheerful willingness to do favors for others::solicitous,industrious, complaisant).注意,solicitous除了有殷勤的意思(solicitous teachers, solicitous waiters)之外还有“热切希望”的意思

  7. unanimous:一致的 表示一致的compatible,harmony,rapport

  8. abhorrent:来自于词根hor,表示可怕,horrible可怕的

  9. demanding:requiring more than usually expected or thought due,especially great patience and effort and skill 在技术,耐性等方面要求要比平常要高 (要求苛刻的)

  Although the rigors of ballet dancing are primarily-------, this art is also emotionally and spiritually -------.

  (A) illusory . . taxing

  (B) exaggerated . . balanced

  (C) physical . . demanding

  (D) appealing . . indulgent

  (E) strenuous . . dubious

  这里这个情景很对应demanding的意思。

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重点单词
  • insolencen. 傲慢;傲慢无礼的行为
  • reconcilevt. 和解,调和,妥协 vi. 调和
  • reverentadj. 恭敬的,虔诚的
  • hospitalityn. 好客,殷勤,酒店管理
  • solicitousadj. 热切的,焦虑的,挂念的
  • yearnv. 渴望,想念
  • unanimousadj. 全体一致的,一致同意的
  • betrayvt. 误导,出卖,背叛,泄露 vi. 证明 ... 错
  • compatibleadj. 能共处的,可并立的,适合的,兼容的 n. 兼容
  • compassionateadj. 有同情心的 vt. 同情