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托福语法:从属连词真题要点解析
日期:2012-12-13 16:44

(单词翻译:单击)

复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点


  1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词


  全真例题分析


  (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.


  (A) traps


  (B) trap its


  (C) which traps


  (D) which it traps (92.1)


  [答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。


  (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.


  (A) there


  (B) wherever


  (C) somewhere


  (D) then (92.5)


  [答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。


  (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.


  (A) him


  (B) although


  (C) or


  (D) who (92.10)


  [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。


  (4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.


  (A) A volcano erupts


  (B) A volcano whether erupts


  (C) A volcano erupts it


  (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)


  [答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。


  2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用


  解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。


  全直例题分析


  (1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)


  [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that。


  (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)


  [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who。


  (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)


  [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。


  (4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)


  [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that。


  3. 介词+关系代词which结构


  解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。


  全真例题分析


  (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.


  (A) is which


  (B) on which


  (C) which is on


  (D) on it (91.1)


  [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。


  (2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.


  (A) through it


  (B) through which


  (C) that is through


  (D) there goes through (93.3)


  [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。


  (3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.


  (A) which


  (B) which in


  (C) in which


  (D) in (90.5)


  [答案] C in which = where


  (4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.


  (A) they were for


  (B) for they were


  (C) which were they


  (D) for which they were (93.10)


  [答案] D for which指代for the purpose。


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重点单词
  • rareadj. 稀罕的,稀薄的,罕见的,珍贵的 adj. 煎得
  • intendedadj. 故意的,有意的;打算中的 n. 已订婚者 v.
  • indicatev. 显示,象征,指示 v. 指明,表明
  • composern. 创作者(尤指乐曲的)
  • definedadj. 有定义的,确定的;清晰的,轮廓分明的 v. 使
  • varyv. 变化,改变,使多样化
  • attorneyn. (辩护)律师
  • exposuren. 面临(困难),显露,暴露,揭露,曝光
  • curriculumn. 课程,全部课程 curricula(复数) cur
  • gluen. 胶,胶水,胶粘物 vt. 粘贴,紧附于