第一部分

Clinton’s Speech at 8th African Growth and Opportunity Act Forum

August 5, 2009
Kenyatta International Conference Centre
Nairobi, Kenya

希拉里∙克林顿国务卿在第八届《非洲增长与机会法》论坛上发表的讲话

2009年8月5日

肯尼亚内罗毕肯雅塔国际会议中心

Good morning. Let me thank the trade minister for those welcoming words, and tell you what a privilege it is for me to join you here today. I am very grateful to the people and Government of Kenya for hosting this AGOA Forum, and particularly to the president, the prime minister, and the entire Kenyan Government.

早上好。我要感谢贸易部长发表的这番欢迎之词，还要告诉你们今天能在这里与你们相聚一堂让我感到十分荣幸。我非常感谢肯尼亚人民与政府主办本届《非洲增长与机会法》论坛，特别要感谢肯尼亚总统、总理和肯尼亚政府的全体官员。

The presence of so many distinguished leaders from across Africa reflects our shared aspirations for greater economic growth and prosperity on this continent. This was a very important trip for me to make in order to underscore the significance that President Obama and I place on enhancing the trade and commerce both between Africa and the United States, but also within Africa.

非洲各地的众多尊贵领导人与会反映了我们促进非洲大陆经济增长与繁荣的共同愿望。为了强调奥巴马总统和我本人不仅重视促进非洲与美国之间的商贸，而且重视促进非洲大陆内部的商贸，此次非洲之行对我来说非常重要。

And I am delighted to have two other representatives of the Obama Administration with me: Secretary Tom Vilsack, who, for eight years, was one of the most successful governors in our country, and responsible for the state of Iowa, a very important agricultural state, but also recognizing the connection between agriculture and energy production; and Ambassador Ron Kirk, our U.S. Trade Representative, a mayor of one of our large cities in Texas – Dallas, Texas – someone who understands the significance of economic development for the well-being of people.

我很高兴有奥巴马政府的另外两位代表和我一起前来，一位是汤姆∙维尔萨克（Tom Vilsack）部长，他曾任八年州长，是美国最成功的州长之一，负责非常重要的农业州艾奥瓦的领导工作，而且他还认识到农业与能源生产之间的关系；另一位是美国贸易代表罗恩∙柯克（Ron Kirk）大使，他曾担任位于得克萨斯州的美国大城市之一达拉斯的市长，他深知经济发展对人民福祉的重要性。

第二部分

We’re also pleased to have three representatives of Congress with us: Congressman Donald Payne, Congressman Jim McDermott, and Congresswoman Nita Lowey. Each of them has a particular interest in Africa, and the development of the people of this continent.

我还很高兴今天有美国国会的三位众议员在场，他们是众议员唐纳德∙佩恩（Donald Payne）、众议员吉姆∙麦克德莫特(Jim McDermott)和众议员妮塔∙洛伊(Nita Lowey)。他们中的每一位都特别关心非洲和非洲大陆人民的发展。

So, let me begin with greetings and good wishes from President Obama to the people of his ancestral homeland – (applause) – and with a message from the President and from his Administration: We believe in Africa’s promise. We are committed to Africa’s future. And we will be partners with Africa’s people. (Applause.) I hope all of you have had a chance to either see or read President Obama’s speech last month in Ghana. He said there what we believe: Progress in Africa requires partnerships built on shared responsibility.

现在，让我首先转达奥巴马总统对他的祖籍国人民的问候和良好祝愿（掌声）以及[奥巴马]总统和他领导的政府给你们的信息：我们对非洲的前途满怀信心。我们将坚定不移地为非洲的未来努力，我们将成为非洲人民的伙伴。（掌声）我希望你们所有的人都已有机会听到或者读过奥巴马总统上个月在加纳发表的讲话。他讲到了我们的信念：非洲的进步需要建立在共同承担责任基础上的伙伴合作关系。

The flip side of responsibility is opportunity – shared opportunity. And that is what I wish to speak about this morning, how we can work together to help realize the God-given potential of 800 million people who make their homes and find their livelihoods in the valleys of the Great Rift, across the plains of the Serengeti, in vibrant urban centers from Nairobi to Johannesburg to Dakar, and why seizing the opportunities of Africa’s future matters not only to Africans, but to all of us.

责任的另一面是机遇——共同的机遇。而这就是我今天上午想谈的问题，我们如何进行合作以帮助发挥上帝赋予居住和生活在东非大裂谷、塞伦盖蒂平原、从内罗毕、约翰内斯堡到达喀尔等充满生机的大城市的八亿人民的潜力，以及为什么把握建设非洲未来的机会不仅事关非洲人民，而且事关我们所有的人。

You know that too often, the story of Africa is told in stereotypes and clichés about poverty, disease, and conflict. We can’t seem to get past the idea that the continent has enormous potential for progress. Too often, the media’s portrayal is so much less than that. But such notions are not only stale and outdated; they are wrong. Africa is capable, and is making economic progress. In fact, one doesn’t have to look far to see that Africa is ripe with opportunities, some already realized, and others waiting to be seized together if we determine to do so.

你们都知道，在讲到非洲时，人们经常提及贫困、疾病和冲突，这些话题已经成为老生常谈。我们似乎不能传达这样一种想法，即非洲大陆拥有取得进步的巨大潜力。媒体对非洲的描述往往与此相去甚远。但是，这些观念不仅陈旧、过时，而且是错误的。非洲是有能力的，而且在经济领域正在取得进展。事实上，人们不必把目光投向遥远的未来就能发现非洲已经充满机遇，一些机遇已经有了成果，另一些正在等待人们去利用，前提是我们要共同下定决心。

第三部分

Now to be sure, progress is not apparent everywhere on the continent. Even with the accelerated growth of recent years, the economies of many countries have slowed or stagnated under the weight of the global recession. Others face looming crises when their young people who constitute half the population in some countries reach adulthood and need jobs. And we cannot ignore the fact that there are still African nations where some workers earn less than a dollar a day, where mothers and fathers die of preventable diseases, where children are too often schooled with guns instead of books, and where women and girls are mistreated, even raped as a tactic of war, and greed and graft are the dominant currency.

毫无疑问，非洲大陆并非到处都可以明显地看到进步。即便近年来经济加速增长，但在全球经济衰退的影响下，很多国家的经济发展已经放缓或停滞。另一些国家面临着日益逼近的危机：占人口半数的年轻人即将长大成人，需要就业。我们也不能忽略这样的事实：仍然有一些非洲国家，某些工人一天的收入还不到一美元，父母双双死于可预防的疾病，儿童经常受到枪支教育而非书本教育，妇女和女孩受到虐待，甚至被当作一种战争手段而遭受强暴，贪得无厌与行贿受贿盛行。

But the story we also need to tell, and tell it over and over again, is that many parts of Africa are rising to 21st century challenges and following a road map that will turn Africa into a regional and global hub for progress and prosperity. We have seen the changes, and we know what is happening right now.

然而，我们还必须说明的是，而且还要再三说明，非洲许多地区正在迎接21世纪的挑战，正沿着一个将使非洲成为地区和全球进步和繁荣中心的“路线图”向前迈进。我们已看到变化，我们清楚正在发生的一切。

I will visit six other countries on this trip, and I will see the results of the research of African scientists who are modernizing agricultural tools, and I will meet those who are devising new models for development assistance. I’ll meet the young entrepreneurs and professionals who are helping to build open markets, and the civil servants who are working hand-in-hand with them. There is so much that is going on that needs to be lifted up and spotlighted.

我此行还将访问另外六个国家，我将考察非洲科学家们为实现农业现代化而取得的科研成果，我将会见那些正在为发展援助设计新模式的人员。我将会见正在帮助建立开放型市场的青年企业家和专业人员以及那些与他们合作的公务员。有许多新生事物值得鼓励和赞扬。

Today, we look to nearby Rwanda. Progress sometimes comes so slowly. But in a country that had been ravaged by genocidal conflict, the progress is amazing. It has one of the fastest growing economies in Africa, even in the midst of the global recession. Health indicators are improving. The Rwandan people believed in themselves. And their leaders, led by President Kagame, believed in policies based on evidence and measurable results, including a nationwide emphasis on family planning, cross-cutting partnerships with donors and NGOs, a greater premium on professionalism in the government and the health sector.

今天，我们不妨看看邻近的卢旺达。有时，进步姗姗来迟。但是，在这样一个曾受到种族灭绝冲突蹂躏的国家，进展却令人惊奇。即便是在全球陷入大萧条之际，该国依然是非洲增长最快的经济体之一。卫生健康状况也在改善。卢旺达人民充满自信。以卡加梅(Kagame)总统为首的该国领导层奉行实事求是和追求实效的政策，其中包括在全国强调家庭计划、与捐助方和非政府组织进行交叉式合作、更多地鼓励政府部门的敬业精神以及加强卫生健康领域。

第四部分

You all know the story of Dr. Mo Ibrahim, a visionary and a pioneer willing to invest in the untapped potential of Africa when others were not. Why? Because he understood that new technologies could unleash local entrepreneurship, create jobs, expand prosperity, and build economies. But in return for his investments, he demanded good governance, adherence to the rule of law. And his achievement in African leadership prize celebrates exemplars of his philosophy.

你们都听说了莫·易卜拉欣博士(Dr. Mo Ibrahim)的故事。他是一个有远见的人，一个开拓者，在其他人不愿问津的情况下，他却愿意投资开发非洲的潜能。原因何在？因为他认识到，新技术能激发地方创业精神，增加就业机会，扩大繁荣和建设经济。作为对他投资的回报，他要求实行良治和尊重法治。他通过建立“非洲领导奖”昭示了他的人生哲学。

There are so many that already have invested and stand ready to do so, and who see the potential for leapfrogging the technologies of the past. With wireless technology, Africa doesn’t need to lay all of the wires or build the infrastructure. It could take advantage of what technology offers. New innovations are already transforming lives and fueling economic growth. Farmers in both East and West Africa can click a button on their cell phone to check prices on dozens of crops. Pineapple farmers in Ghana are using PDAs and bar coding technology to facilitate transport and increase crop yields. The new underwater fiber optic cable along Africa’s east coast will enable hundreds of millions of people to have access to the internet.

许多人已经投资或准备投资，他们看到了跨越过去的技术的潜力。有了无线网络技术，非洲不再需要大规模地铺设电缆或建设相应的基础设施。它可以利用技术带来的益处。新的发明创造正在改善人们的生活，并为经济增长带来动力。东非和西非农民只需在手机上按下一键钮，就可查看几十种作物的价格。加纳的菠萝种植农正使用掌上电脑和条码技术来促进运输和增加作物产量。非洲东部沿海新铺设的水下光纤电缆将使数亿人用上互联网。

Although Africa missed the first green revolution, it now has the opportunity to create its own. Technology and innovation make it possible for nations to bypass the dirty stages of development and become more quickly integrated. Right now, Africa suffers from a severe shortage of electric power, and too many countries rely on oil as virtually their only source of revenue. But the capacity for producing renewable and clean energy is far and wide. From the geothermal resources of the Great Rift Valley, to the potential hydropower of the Congo River, to wind and solar options, new projects are beginning to come online.

虽然非洲没有赶上第一次绿色革命，但它如今有机会开展自己的绿色革命。技术革新使各国能够跨越发展的污染期，更迅速地实现一体化。如今，非洲电力严重不足，在太多的国家，石油几乎是惟一收入来源。然而，广大地区都有生产可再生清洁能源的能力。从大裂谷的地热资源到刚果河的水力发电潜能，从风能到太阳能，新项目正层出不穷。

So there are so many concrete examples of the opportunities to be seized. And with that in mind, I’d like to focus on four areas that warrant special attention: trade, development, good governance, and women.

因此，有许许多多具体的机遇可供利用。由此我希望谈谈四个值得特别关注的领域：贸易、发展、良政和妇女权益。

第五部分

Some of you may have seen the op-ed that Ambassador Ron Kirk wrote and was placed in newspapers here in Kenya and across the continent. He laid out some of the potential opportunities to work with in order to maximize the promise of AGOA. As Africa’s largest trading partners, we are committed to trade policies that support prosperity and stability. To echo President Obama’s words, we want to be your partner, not your patron.

你们中有人或许读过罗恩•柯克大使的专题文章，该文已刊登在肯尼亚及非洲大陆各地的报纸上。他阐述了一些潜在的合作机会，以充分发挥《非洲增长与机会法》所能带来的惠益。作为非洲最大的贸易合作伙伴，我们坚定不移地奉行有助于繁荣和稳定的贸易政策。诚如奥巴马总统所言，我们希望成为你们的合作伙伴，而不是你们的赞助国。

Because trade is a critical platform for Africa’s economic growth, we’re exploring ways to lower global trade barriers to ease the burdens on African farmers and producers. Today, Africa accounts for two percent of global trade. If Sub-Saharan Africa were to increase that share by only one percent, it would generate additional export revenues each year greater than the total amount of annual assistance that Africa currently receives. We will strive to meet the G-20 leaders pledge in London to complete the Doha Round and make it a success. And we’re committed to working with our African partners to maximize the opportunities created by our trade preference programs. That is why we’re here today.

由于贸易是非洲经济增长的一个关键平台，我们正在寻求降低全球贸易壁垒的途径，以减轻非洲农牧民和生产者的负担。目前，在全球贸易总额中非洲占百分之二。但只要撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区能将这个比例提高百分之一，那么每年创造的额外出口收入就将超过非洲目前每年接受的援助总额。我们将努力履行二十国集团（G-20）领导人在伦敦作出的完成多哈回合（Doha Round）谈判并让谈判取得成功的承诺。我们还将坚持不懈地与我们的非洲伙伴共同努力，在最大程度上扩大我们的贸易优惠项目所创造的机会。这就是我们今天来到这里的原因。

AGOA is a bipartisan commitment. As you know, it began under my husband when he was President, but it continued under President Bush. It has achieved demonstrable results, but not yet enough. We know it has not met its full potential. And we intend to roll up our sleeves and work with you to try to make that potential real.

《非洲增长与机会法》是一项跨党派努力。正如你们所知，它是在我丈夫担任总统时出台的，并在布什总统任期内得以延续。它已取得了显著成效，但还远远不够。我们知道它还没有发挥出全部潜能。我们愿意挽起衣袖，同你们一起努力发掘它的潜能。

Market access alone is not sufficient. In too many cases, African countries do not yet have the capacity to meet the needs of the U.S. market. They cannot compete for the kind of exporting of thousands of products that can be sent duty-free to the United States under AGOA. There are 6,999 items that can be sent from Africa to the United States duty-free.

仅有市场准入是不够的。非洲国家尚不具备满足美国市场需求的能力，这样的例子实在太多了。至于根据《非洲增长与机会法》的规定向美国出口的数千种免税商品，他们尚且无法完全依赖竞争。非洲能向美国出口的免税商品多达6999种。

第六部分

Now, a number of AGOA countries are in the early stages of supplying the American market with products they had not supplied in the past. And although the global crisis has slowed products, there are new products being exported, from footwear in Ethiopia, to cut flowers in Tanzania, to eyewear in Mauritius, to processed fruits and jams in Swaziland. We’re seeing real potential. We’re also seeing some countries take advantage of the fact that they can produce industrial products in partnership with international firms, and then export them duty-free to the United States.

现在，一些《非洲增长与机会法》的受益国正处于向美国市场供应他们过去没有出口过的产品的初期阶段。尽管这场全球危机减缓了生产，但新产品还在对外出口，从埃塞俄比亚的成品鞋到坦桑尼亚的鲜切花，从毛里求斯的眼镜用品到斯威士兰的加工水果和果酱。我们看到了真正的潜力。我们还看到有些国家利用它们能够同国际公司合作生产工业产品的优势，然后将这些产品免税出口到美国。

We need more product diversification. This is an area that Ambassador Kirk – Ambassador Ron Kirk will focus on with you to enhance competitiveness, to improve the utilization of AGOA, and to look for more ways that you can take advantage of this market access. You can make trade a greater priority in development strategies, and to leverage the economic power that comes from trade.

我们需要增加产品的多样性。罗恩·柯克大使将侧重于在这个领域同你们合作，以便你们提高竞争力，更好地利用《非洲增长与机会法》，并寻求更多的途径来发挥这种市场准入的优势。你们能使贸易成为发展方略中一个更重要的优先环节，并调动贸易所带来的经济力量。

But the single biggest opportunity that you have right now is to open up trade with each other. The market of the United States is 300 million people. The market of Africa is 700 million-plus. The nations of Africa trade the least with each other than any region of the world. That makes it very difficult to compete effectively. Of course, keep focused on markets like the United States and Europe, but simultaneously work to tear down trade barriers among yourselves.

但你们目前面对的一个最大的机会是相互开放贸易。美国是一个三亿人的市场。而非洲是一个超过七亿人的市场。但同世界其他地区相比，非洲国家之间的贸易往来最少。这使有力地参与竞争变得非常困难。继续重视美国和欧洲这样的市场是理所当然的，但同时也应当努力消除你们彼此之间的贸易壁垒。

Regional trade organizations offer signs of hope, but more must be done. And of course, progress depends on good governance and adherence to the rule of law. That is critical to creating positive, predictable investment climates and inclusive economic growth. I know there are problems sometimes between countries and borders that are difficult to traverse. But focusing on this coming out of the 8th AGOA Forum would be a tremendous commitment.

区域性贸易组织已显示出希望之光，但必须作出更大的努力。当然，进步取决于实行良治和法治。这对于创造积极稳定的投资环境和兼容的经济增长至关重要。我知道，交通不便的国家和边境地区有时会有一些问题。第八届《非洲增长与机会法》论坛以此为重点，堪称一项巨大承诺。

第七部分

Now, the United States has responsibilities, too. We will enhance ongoing efforts to build trade capacity across Africa. We want to provide assistance to help new industries take advantage of access to our markets. We will pursue public-private partnerships, leveraging the efforts of our export-import bank and OPEC and organizations like the Corporate Council on Africa that identify and invest in young entrepreneurs with innovative ideas. We will work to expand the number of bilateral investment treaties with African nations, one of which Ambassador Kirk and I will be signing this afternoon. Above all, we will create stronger and more sensible links between our trade policies and our development strategies.

美国也肩负着责任。我们将增强目前在非洲各国建设贸易能力的努力。我们希望提供援助，帮助新兴产业利用能够进入美国市场的优势。我们将发展公私伙伴关系，利用我们的进出口银行、石油输出国组织（OPEC）和非洲企业理事会（Corporate Council on Africa）等组织的努力，后者所从事的一项工作是发现有创新想法的年轻企业家并对他们投资。我们将努力同非洲国家签署更多的双边投资协定，柯克大使和我今天下午就将签署这样一份协定。最为重要的是，我们将在我们的贸易政策和我们的发展战略之间建立更牢固、更合理的联系。

In the past three decades, African agricultural exports have declined, even as the vast majority of employment on the continent still depends on income from the agricultural sector. This is due, in part, to inadequate infrastructure. Lack of roads, lack of irrigation, poor storage facilities jeopardize the hard work of farmers in the field, undermine the discoveries of researchers in the lab and depressed markets eagerly waiting for products to buy.

非洲的绝大多数职业仍然依靠农业收入，但即便如此，非洲的农业出口在近30年来却有所下降。其部分原因是没有足够的基础设施。由于缺少道路和灌溉系统，加上储藏设施不足，农民在田间辛勤劳动的成果遭受损失，研究人员在实验室里的发现得不到推广利用，期盼产品的市场无货可沽。

So the United States will pursue strategies to improve infrastructure so that farmers have better access to information, capital, and training. We intend to develop the kind of partnerships that will integrate assistance as a core pillar of our foreign policy, because we believe that helping to improve the material conditions of people’s lives is not only an expression of American values, but a foundation for greater security and stability on the continent.

因此，美国将实施改善基础设施的战略，以便农民获得更多信息、资本和培训。我们打算发展把援助作为外交政策核心支柱的伙伴关系，因为我们相信帮助提高人民生活的物质条件不仅表达了美国的价值观，而且也是增强非洲大陆安全与稳定的基础。

The Obama Administration is on a path to double foreign assistance by 2014, but we will spend the money differently. While our past assistance has yielded gains, we have spent too many dollars and too many decades on efforts that have not delivered the desired long-term results. Too much money, for example, has stayed in America, paid salaries to Americans, furnished overhead to the contractors that were used. Too little has reached the intended target or contributed to lasting progress.

奥巴马政府力争到2014年把外援增加一倍，但我们将以不同的方式使用这笔资金。虽然以往的援助取得了效益，但我们把太多的资金和数十年时间花在一些尚未取得长期理想效果的努力上。例如，太多的钱留在美国支付美国人的薪水和向承包商支付中介费用。太少的钱抵达指定的目标或有助于持久的发展。

第八部分

So at the State Department and USAID, we are actively exploring how we can fund, design, implement development and foreign assistance that produces measurable, lasting results, while also helping people in the short run. Development assistance linked to trade policy will, we believe, fuel dynamic market-led growth rather than perpetuating dependency.

因此，在国务院和美国国际开发署，我们正在大力探索新方法，一方面资助、设计、实施能够产生可衡量及持久效果的开发与外援项目，另一方面又能在短期内为人民提供帮助。我们认为，与贸易政策结合在一起的发展援助会强有力地推动市场导向的经济增长，而不会导致依赖性。

In Africa and elsewhere, we seek more agile, effective, and creative partnerships. We will focus on country-driven solutions that give responsible governments more information, capacity, and control as they tailor strategies to meet their needs. This will require greater coordination within our own government and with the donor community. And it will also require a broader use of measurements to assess whether we are achieving results. Agricultural development is a case in point. President Obama asked me to head a government-wide and comprehensive effort to advance agricultural-led growth, and to reduce hunger, where the opportunity exists to provide more food, raise incomes, and create new jobs.

在非洲以及在世界其他地方，我们寻求更灵活、更有效、更富于创造性的伙伴关系。我们将把重点置于由[受援]国家主导的解决方案，给予承担责任的各国政府更多的信息、更大的能力和更强的控制，以便他们根据自己的需求制订战略。这将要求我们在自己政府内部以及政府与捐赠方之间进行更多协调。同时还需要更广泛地使用衡量标准来评估我们是否正在取得成效。农业发展是一个很好的例子。奥巴马总统要求我领导一项全面的、跨部门的努力，促进农业导向的经济增长和减少饥饿，这项努力包含着提供更多粮食、提高收入和创造新的工作岗位的机会。

Now of course, we have no control over the weather. And the devastating drought that has afflicted Kenya and other countries for four years is a deeply troubling challenge. But we can begin to try to even deal with nature’s difficulties. With most of the world’s remaining arable land spread across the African continent, Africa has a responsibility and an opportunity to maximize agricultural promise and provide food for your own people and the world as well. Building on the G-8 discussions in Italy last month, I am pleased to announce that I will convene a meeting next month on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly to advance the global partnership for agriculture and food security.

当然，我们无法控制气候。肯尼亚和其他国家遭受长达4年之久的灾难性干旱是一项令人深感不安的挑战。但是，我们能够开始努力去克服甚至由大自然造成的困难。全世界剩下的大部分可耕地在非洲，非洲有责任和机会去最大限度地提高农作物的产量，为你们自己的人民、也为全世界提供粮食。根据上个月在意大利举行的八国集团会议的讨论结果，我很高兴地宣布：我将于下个月在联合国大会开会期间召开一次促进农业与食品保障全球伙伴关系的会议。

True economic progress – (applause) – depends not only on the hard work of millions of people who get up every day and do the best they can, often under overwhelming circumstances; it also depends on responsible governments that reject corruption, enforce the rule of law, and deliver results for their people. This is not just about good governance; this is about good business. Investors will be attracted to states that do this, and they will not be attracted to states with failed or weak leadership, or crime and civil unrest or corruption that taints every transaction and decision.

第九部分

真正的经济发展（掌声）不仅取决于经常处于逆境中的黎明即起、自强不息的千百万人民的辛勤劳动，还取决于抵制贪腐、实行法治、为本国人民带来实际利益的负责任的政府。这样做不仅对治理国家有益，还能产生良好的经济效果。这样做的国家对投资者具有吸引力。如果一个国家的领导人治理不当或软弱无能，或犯罪猖獗、内乱频仍，或每一次交易与每一项决定都受到腐败的不良影响，就不会吸引投资者。

The private sector and civil society are playing an increasingly important role across Africa in holding governments accountable and demanding fairer, more open, more just economies and societies. Leaders have to lead. They have to demonstrate to their people that democracy does deliver. Sustainable progress is not possible in countries that fail to be good stewards of their natural resources, where the profits from oil and minerals line the pockets of oligarchs who are corporations a world away, but do little to promote long-term growth and prosperity.

私营企业和公民社会在非洲各地发挥着日益重要的作用，它们要求政府承担责任，建立更公平、更开放、更公正的经济和社会。领导人必须发挥领导作用。他们必须向本国人民表明民主确实带来实效。在没有妥善管理和守护自然资源的国家——这些国家的石油和矿物带来的利润让万里之外的寡头公司中饱私囊，却无助于[国家的]长期增长和繁荣——不可能取得可持续的发展。

The solution starts with transparency. A famous judge in my country once said that sunlight is the best disinfectant, and there’s a lot of sunlight in Africa. African countries are starting to embrace this view through participation in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Creating a favorable investment climate requires countries to translate politics into governing. A famous American politician, Mario Cuomo, once said you campaign in politics, in poetry, but you have to govern in prose – the hard work of explaining what you’re doing and getting the results that you promise.

解决问题的第一步是提高透明度。美国一位著名的法官曾经说过，阳光是最好的消毒剂，而非洲有的是阳光。非洲国家通过参加“采矿业透明度行动计划”（Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative）已经开始接受这一观点。创造有利于投资的环境要求各国把政治化为治理。美国著名政治家马里奥·科莫（Mario Cuomo）曾经说过，你可以用政治和诗竞选，但必须用散文治国，即解释你采取的行动和实现你承诺的目标，而这是一项艰苦的工作。

It is important that we recognize that progress has been made when elections are held. And many people believe that democracy is alive and well because an election has taken place. But as important as elections are, democracy is not just about the ballot box. Citizens and governments need to work together to build and sustain strong democratic institutions. From an independent and confident judiciary, to a professional and dedicated civil service, to a free press and vibrant civil society, we’ve learned this in my own country. We are still working to improve our democracy after 230 years, and we want to give you some of the benefit of the mistakes that we’ve made and the lessons we’ve learned along the way. And we stand ready to serve as partners to citizens and leaders looking to improve governance and transparency.

我们应当承认，选举带来了进步。许多人认为，由于举行了选举，民主因而蒸蒸日上。然而，尽管选举很重要，民主并不仅仅是投票。公民和政府需要共同努力建设和维持强大的民主机制。从一个独立和有信心的司法系统到一支克尽职守的专业公职人员队伍，美国都经历了一个学习过程。在230年之后，我们仍在努力完善我们的民主，我们希望和你们分享我们在这个过程中犯过的错误和吸取的教训。对于希望改进治理和提高透明度的公民和领导人，我们随时准备作为合作伙伴效力。

Let me conclude with an issue of economic and strategic importance to Africa, to the United States, and I believe to the world, and it is of great personal importance to me – the future of Africa’s women. The social, political – (applause) – the social, political, and economic marginalization of women across Africa has left a void in this continent that undermines progress and prosperity every day. Yet we know across Africa women are doing the work of a whole continent – gathering firewood, hauling water, washing clothes, preparing meals, raising children, in the fields planting and harvesting, and when given the opportunity of economic empowerment, transforming communities and local economies.

请允许我在结束前再谈一个议题，我认为这个议题对非洲、对美国以及对世界都具有经济和战略意义，而且对我个人也具有非常重要的意义，这就是非洲妇女的未来。非洲各地妇女在社会、政治（掌声）和经济上的边缘化给这个大陆留下了巨大空白，每天都在阻碍进步和繁荣。但我们知道，非洲各地的妇女承担着整个大陆的工作——拾柴、运水、洗衣、做饭、养育子女、在田间播种和收割，一旦在经济上获得权利，还给社区和地方经济带来翻天覆地的变化。

第十部分

There are many African women who have made a great and lasting imprint on the world. Kenya’s own Wangari Maathai has spawned an international movement on behalf of environmental stewardship. (Applause.) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has taken the reins of a nation once gripped by civil war, ensuring that the rights of women are respected and protected, and that women have the opportunity to help drive social and economic progress, as they are now doing in many parts of the world. It is not only a moral imperative; it is an economic one as well. Everywhere I go, I see the hard work and the progress that women can make if unleashed, if given just a chance.

许多非洲妇女在世界上留下了巨大而永久的脚印。肯尼亚的旺加里·马塔伊（Wangari Maathai）就催生了一场保护环境的国际运动。（掌声）埃伦· 约翰逊·瑟利夫（Ellen Johnson Sirleaf）接管了曾一度备受内战之苦的国家，确保妇女权利受到尊重和保护，为妇女创造机会，使之能够推动社会和经济进步，正如她们在世界许多地方所做的那样。这不仅是一项道德义务，也是一项必须完成的经济任务。我所到之处，都看到妇女在勤奋工作，还看到她们一旦摆脱桎梏所能取得的成就，而她们需要的只是一个机会。

In a few days, I will be in Cape Town and I will visit, for the third time, the Victoria Mxenge cooperative. I first visited there in 1997. It was a location where women who had been displaced for many reasons – husbands had died, economic problems – had come together in a small group and they were squatting. They didn’t own this desolate piece of land that was off one of the highways. But they had nowhere else to go with their children. And they began building a community. And they pooled small microloans, which I still believe is one of the greatest ways of lifting individuals out of poverty. And they began to build their homes.

我过几天会去开普敦（Cape Town），我将第三次访问维多利亚·恩姆尚盖合作社（Victoria Mxenge）。我第一次访问那里是在1997年。这是一个无家可归的妇女们居住的地方，她们由于丈夫去世、经济困难及其他原因而在这里未经许可聚居。她们不拥有公路旁边的这块荒凉的土地。但是她们带着孩子无路可走，于是在那里建起一个社区。她们把得到的小型贷款拼凑起来，开始建设家园。我依然认为小型贷款是帮助人们摆脱贫困的最佳方法之一。

Today, a whole village stands on what was once a dusty and empty patch of land. Like those women, women and men across this continent are taking responsibility. They want partners. They want partners with their governments, they want partners with the private sector, they want partners with countries like my own. There is no reason to wait. The ingredients are all here for an extraordinary explosion of growth, prosperity, and progress. This is a storyline of opportunity that I want to tell, because I know how important it is to translate legislation like AGOA, the efforts of governments like Kenya’s into daily changes that people can look to.

今天，在一度被尘土覆盖的旷野上矗立着崭新的村庄。正如那些妇女一样，这个大陆的人民正在承担起责任。他们需要合作伙伴。他们需要有人与他们的政府合作，需要有人与他们的私营企业合作，他们需要像美国这样的合作伙伴。没有理由再等待，取得非凡增长、繁荣和进步的一切要素已经具备。这就是我要讲述的关于机遇的故事，因为我知道把《非洲增长与机会法》这样的法律和肯尼亚政府及其他国家的政府作出的努力转变为人们期待的日常变化有多么重要。

This morning, I had the chance to meet two women living here in Nairobi because I had to get my hair done. The women in this audience know that. (Laughter.) I think they did a good job too. My hairdos are like the subject of Ph.D. theses, so – (laughter) – I want everybody to know I got a good one in Nairobi. And I was talking to these two women who came to see me, and I said, “Well, what’s it like living in Nairobi,” and they said, “It’s a wonderful place, and it’s a great place to raise children.”

今天上午，我有机会见到两位住在内罗毕的妇女，因为我要做头发。在座的女性都明白这一点。（笑声）我觉得她们的手艺很不错。我的发型就像博士论文的题目，因此（笑声）我希望大家都知道我在内罗毕把头发做得这么好。我和前来见我的这两位妇女交谈，我说：“内罗毕的生活如何？”她们说：“这是一个非常好的地方，很适合养儿育女。”

I want to hear that everywhere, from every family, from every mother and father who can say, truthfully, it’s a great place to raise children from the east, to the west, from the north, to the south. Because after all, what we do should only be about the next generation. In public or private life, there is no greater obligation to see what we are doing to further the lives of those children who are close to us, but to all the children.

我希望听到每一个地方、每一个家庭、每一位父母都能够诚实地说，这里很适合养儿育女，希望从东到西、从南到北都是如此。因为，说到底，我们要做的事情只有一个目的，就是为了下一代。无论是在工作中还是在生活中，我们最重要的义务就是为改善孩子们的生活而努力，不仅是为我们身边的孩子，也包括所有的孩子们。

So as we go forward at this 8th AGOA Forum, I hope we will all keep in mind that we are called upon to act to make it possible for the children of this great continent to have the kind of future that all children deserve. Thank you very much. (Applause.)

因此，在我们举行第八届《非洲增长与机会法》论坛之际，我希望我们都能铭记，我们担负着神圣的义务，要为这个伟大的大陆上的孩子们创造机会，使他们能够像世界上的所有孩子们那样有一个美好的未来。多谢各位。（掌声）