Third, we deepened supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy.
三是深化供给侧结构性改革，实体经济活力不断释放。
We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the real economy. We made progress in using market mechanisms to cut capacity in the steel and coal industries. Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment; as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly. Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending. Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries.
加大“破、立、降”力度。推进钢铁、煤炭行业市场化去产能。实施稳投资举措，制造业投资、民间投资增速明显回升。出台促进居民消费政策。全面推进“互联网+”，运用新技术新模式改造传统产业。
We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees. A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide, the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened, and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third. Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide. We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged cuts in the cost of electricity, broadband services, and logistics. We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative, the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures, and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.
深入推进简政减税减费。取消一批行政许可事项，“证照分离”改革在全国推开，企业开办时间大幅压缩，工业生产许可证种类压减三分之一以上。“双随机、一公开”监管全面实施。清理规范各类涉企收费，推动降低用电、用网和物流等成本。深化“互联网+政务服务”，各地探索推广一批有特色的改革举措，企业和群众办事便利度不断提高。
Fourth, we continued to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and further increased innovation capacity and performance.
四是深入实施创新驱动发展战略，创新能力和效率进一步提升。
We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened, steps were taken to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies for key fields, and the building of major science and technology infrastructure and innovation centers was stepped up. We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises. We developed policies and measures to support innovation and business startups. The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by over 30 percent.
大力优化创新生态，调动各类创新主体积极性。深化科技管理体制改革，推进关键核心技术攻关，加强重大科技基础设施、科技创新中心等建设。强化企业技术创新主体地位，将提高研发费用加计扣除比例政策扩大至所有企业。制定支持双创深入发展的政策措施。技术合同成交额增长30%以上。
Fifth, we intensified reform and opening-up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.
五是加大改革开放力度，发展动力继续增强。
We deepened reforms of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made new gains in upgrading and restructuring SOEs and in improving their quality and performance. In addressing difficulties and issues encountered by private enterprises, we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns. We advanced the reform of the fiscal and tax systems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across the country. We reformed the financial regulatory system and improved the mechanisms through which interest rates and exchange rates are set by the market. Steady progress was made in reforms related to agriculture, rural affairs, social programs, and environmental protection.
深化国资国企改革，国有企业优化重组、提质增效取得新进展。针对民营企业发展遇到的困难和问题，千方百计帮助解忧纾困。推进财税体制改革，预算绩效管理改革全面启动。改革金融监管体制，完善利率、汇率市场化形成机制。农业农村、社会事业、生态环保等领域改革不断深化。
In opening-up, we introduced a series of major moves. Joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative are producing a pace-setting effect, cooperation mechanisms for countries along its routes are steadily improving, and economic cooperation, trade, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges under the Initiative have gathered momentum. We launched policies to ensure steady growth in foreign trade, and cut the time needed for customs clearance by more than half. Import tariffs on some goods were lowered, and the overall tariff level was reduced from 9.8 to 7.5 percent.
推出对外开放一系列重大举措。共建“一带一路”引领效应持续释放，同沿线国家的合作机制不断健全，经贸合作和人文交流加快推进。出台稳外贸政策，货物通关时间压缩一半以上。下调部分商品进口关税，关税总水平由9.8%降至7.5%。
A number of new integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce were established. Reform measures proven to work in pilot free trade zones were replicated and applied elsewhere. We shortened significantly the negative list for foreign investment, opened up sectors like finance and automobiles wider to foreign competition, and sped up the implementation of a number of major foreign investment projects. The number of new foreign enterprises grew by nearly 70 percent.
新设一批跨境电商综合试验区。复制推广自贸试验区改革经验。大幅压缩外资准入负面清单，扩大金融、汽车等行业开放，一批重大外资项目落地，新设外资企业增长近70%。
Sixth, we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.
六是统筹城乡区域发展，良性互动格局加快形成。
The rural revitalization strategy was implemented with vigor; grain output was kept above 650 million metric tons. Solid progress was made in the pursuit of new urbanization, and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency. A full range of reforms and innovative measures were introduced to advance development in the western region, revitalize the northeast, energize the central region, and support the eastern region in spearheading development. Major progress was made in boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Along the Yangtze Economic Belt, efforts to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development were strengthened.
乡村振兴战略有力实施，粮食总产量保持在1.3万亿斤以上。新型城镇化扎实推进，近1400万农业转移人口在城镇落户。推进西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展，出台一批改革创新举措。京津冀协同发展取得明显进展，长江经济带生态优先、绿色发展格局不断巩固。
Substantive steps were taken in the planning and building of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened to traffic. We expanded support for reforms and development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas. Another 4,100 kilometers of high-speed railways opened to traffic, and over 6,000 kilometers of expressways and more than 300,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or improved. With all this, the balance in development between rural and urban areas and between regions has continuously improved.
粤港澳大湾区规划建设迈出实质性步伐，港珠澳大桥建成通车。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区改革发展支持力度。新增高速铁路运营里程4100公里，新建改建高速公路6000多公里、农村公路30多万公里。城乡区域发展协调性持续增强。