英语口译三级精讲第59讲讲义

被动语态

一、口译练习：视译+笔记+模拟考试
1、视译（篇章分析）
2、笔记（熟悉原文的基础上整理出一套适合自己的笔记方式）
3、模拟考试（分段听、记、译）

二、被动语态
1．英汉翻译中的被动语态
1）被动语态转为主动语态
A.原句主语不变
The whole country was armed in a few days.
几天之内全国武装起来了。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。

B.原句宾语译成主语
By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.
战争结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。
Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.
全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。

C.将被动语态译为作表语的“是”
The picture was painted y Professor Smith.
这幅画是史密斯教授画的。
The house was built of wood in 1985.
这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。

D.增加主语使译句顺畅
To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.
为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。
It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health.
众所周之，吸烟对人体有害。

2）被动语态转为无主句
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪音。
Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.
已经注意到采取防腐新措施。

3）被动语态保持不变
A.译为汉语的“被...”或“给...”结构
If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.
如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。
At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.
月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇了。

B.译为汉语的“遭...”或“受...”结构
Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
Everyone was fed up with her gossip.
人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。

C. 译文汉语的“为...所”结构
Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.
这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。

4）被动语态用其他结构代替
The village is populated by about 13,000 farmers.
这个村子里住着大约13,000农民。
She was delivered of a boy.
她生了一个男孩。
She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.
她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。
He has been wedded to translation.
他与翻译结下不解之缘。

2．汉英翻译中的被动语态
1）带有被动标签的汉语句子
他被选为校学生会主席。
He was elected as Chairman of the Students’ Union of this university.
她深受大家的尊敬。
She is greatly respected by everyone.
该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。
The plan will be examined by a special committee.

2）不带被动标签的汉语句子
这座桥将在今年年底建成。
The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
这个问题正在研究。
The problem is now being studied.
来宾请出示入场券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.

3）汉语主动结构转为英语被动语态
中美已经建立了外交关系。
Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.
一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。
Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions.
他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

4）一些汉语习惯表达法的译法
据传那场事故是由于玩忽职守造成的。
It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.
应该说，情况基本上是健康的。
It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。
It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.

英汉互译

三、本章重点、难点

重点/难点词汇
strike 使喜爱、受吸引
I am still struck by the beauty of the countryside. 我仍然为乡村的美丽景色所吸引。
我被这位年轻的新歌手深深地吸引了。I was greatly struck with the new young singer.

function 活动、聚会、宴会
attend a social function 出席社交活动

showcase 展示、展现
showcase one’s ability 一展自己的才能

abide by遵循、遵守、信守（诺言）
守法 abide by law
忠实履行自己的承诺 abide by one’s commitment
我说过的话是算数的。 I abided by what I said.

emulation借鉴、效仿以赶超
work hard in emulation of sb. 努力工作以赶超某人
进取精神 the spirit of emulation

staunch 坚定的、虔诚的
a staunch friend 忠诚的朋友
a staunch supporter 坚定的支持者

scourge 灾难、祸害
make oneself the special scourge of the region 使自己成为该地区的一害
Lack of rain is the scourge of certain parts of Africa. 缺雨在非洲某些地区为害甚烈。

look (up) to 依赖、指望
别指望他来帮你。 Don’t look to him for help.
他老是指望别人来替他安排时间。 He looks to others to structure time for him.

ring 听起来
这些话听众听上去不真实。 The words rang untrue to the listeners.
他的种种许诺听上去都是空话。 His promise always rang hollow.

reign 盛行
Chaos reigned in the classroom. 教室里一片混乱。

portend 预示
He does not know what the situation portends for the country.
他不知道这一局势对国家预示着什么。

句型口译
首先，我对...表示感谢。
May I begin by thanking

君子和而不同。
In human relationships, a gentleman seeks harmony but not
uniformity.

...符合中国的根本利益。
It serves China’s fundamental interests to ...

...潜力巨大，前景广阔。
There exists vast potential and broad prospect for ...

We have emerged from ...
我们已经从...摆脱出来。

四、词汇口译

dramatic economic growth 经济的迅速发展
a genuine movement 名副其实的行动
non-proliferation 不扩散
eliminate 消除
exportation of dangerous technologies 危险技术出口
strike 使喜爱、受吸引
in-depth observation 深刻的认识 / 观察
bridge the gap 跨越分歧
back up 后退
sense of responsibility 责任心

课文口译（一）

二、口译技巧

1.合并
在这个金秋时节，来到美丽的得克萨斯，我感到十分高兴。这里独特的人文和自然景观，给我留下了美好而深刻的印象。
I am delighted to come to the beautiful Texas in this golden fall and charmed by the unique cultural and natural scenes here.

2.词性转换

动词转化为介词
我希望，在他的直接参与和指导下，这所大学将成为美国又一个研究中国问题和开展中美友好活动的中心。
I hope that with the personal involvement and guidance of him, the university will become another American center for China studies and China-US friendship activities. （同时，原文中的“研究”和“开展”两个动词在译文中省略不译。）

动词转化为名词
中华民族自古就有以诚为本、以和为贵、以信为先的优良传统。
The Chinese nation has inherited from ancient times a finetradition of honesty, harmony and good faith.

和谐以共生共长，不同以相辅相成。
Harmony promotes co-existence and common prosperity; whereasdifferences foster complementation and mutual support.

3.增词
和谐而又不千篇一律，不同而又不相互冲突。
That is to say, harmony but not sameness; reserving differencewithout coming into conflict.（增加连接词）