CATTI二级口译精讲第50讲讲义

篇章练习（二）

中国政府坚决主张1建立新型的国际关系和国际秩序。1953年底，周恩来总理在会见印度政府代表团时，第一次提出了互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处的五项原则。2 翌年，周恩来总理应邀访问了印度和缅甸，中印、中缅双方总理在联合声明中，正式倡议将和平共处五项原则作为国际关系的准则。

3.从50年代至今，和平共处五项原则经受住了严峻的考验，具有强大的生命力。中国一贯坚持在和平共处五项原则的基础上同各国发展友好关系。自中国提出并倡导和平共处五项原则以来，它已为世界绝大多数国家所接受，不但在中国同这些国家签署的条约、公报、宣言、声明等双边关系文件4中得到确认，而且在许多重要的国际会议上和一系列国际文件中不断被引用或重申。这说明它已成为公认的国际关系基本准则。

世界所有爱好和平的国家和人民迫切希望建立一个公正合理、平等互利的国际政治经济新秩序。邓小平同志早在1988年就明确提出，现在需要建立国际经济新秩序，也需要建立国际政治新秩序。这种新秩序就是要结束霸权主义，实现和平共处五项原则。

5.和平共处五项原则是最经得起考验的，它能够为不同制度的国家服务，能够为发达程度不同的国家服务，能够为左邻右舍6服务。和平共处五项原则符合各国人民的根本利益，有利于世界和平与发展。7 因此在和平共处五项原则的基础上建立国际新秩序，是时代的要求，是各国人民的迫切愿望。8

中国主张在和平共处五项原则的基础上建立国际新秩序，这还因为：第一、和平共处五项原则概括了最基本的国际关系准则，反映了新型国际关系的本质特征，完全符合联系国宪章的宗旨和原则。

第二、和平共处五项原则是一套完整的国家行为规范，比其他国际性、区域性的法律原则更全面、更合理。邓小平同志说：“还是9五项原则最好，非常明确，干净利落，清清楚楚10。我们应当用和平共处五项原则作为指导国际关系的准则，作为指导国与国之间关系的准则。11”

第三、和平共处五项原则完全、彻底、全部12摆脱了旧国际关系中的不公正、不合理的因素和消极影响，同霸权主义和强权政治针锋相对，符合现代国际关系中的民主精神，反映了国际社会特别是广大发展中国家的共同愿望，符合世界人民的根本利益。

战后的历史和现实证明，在国际关系中，无论什么“阵营”、“集团”、“大家庭”、“同盟国”等所有以社会制度划分阵线或以价值观念定亲疏的做法，都是靠不住、行不通的13。唯有普遍恪守和平共处五项原则，才能维持正常的国家关系，才能建立公正的国际关系秩序。

毫无疑问，在和平共处五项原则基础上建立国际新秩序，就能维护世界和平，获得共同发展，促进人类进步。所以，它一经提出，就受到许多国家特别是广大发展中国家的共鸣和热烈欢迎。中国愿意同世界各国一道，为实现在和平共处五项原则基础上建立国际新秩序而共同努力。

口译讲评 Comments on Interpretation

1．在涉及政策性问题的翻译中，要注意“主张”、“坚持”、“提出”、“倡议”、“倡导”等动词的不同译法。根据上下文可分别译为：“to stand for /maintain /hold /believe /agree /put forward /propose” 等。
2．“1953年底，周恩来总理在会见印度政府代表团时，第一次提出了互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处的五项原则”：翻译这段话时，应按英文行文习惯，把主语置后放在主句中，即：“When meeting an Indian government delegation at the end of 1953, Premier Zhou Enlai for the first time put forward”
3．“中印、中缅双方总理在联合声明中，正式倡议将和平共处五项原则作为国际关系的准则”：如果字对字翻译，“中印、中缅双方总理”会显罗嗦，且语意不清，根据上下文可译为：“Premier Zhou and his Indian and Burmese counterparts”；“国际关系的准则”应译为：“the norms governing international relations”。这里补出 governing，才能准确表达原文的意思。
4．“双边关系文件”：译时省略“关系”，译为“bilateral documents” 即可。
5．“邓小平同志要建立国际政治新秩序。这种新秩序就是要结束霸权主义，实现和平共处五项原则”。这段话前后两句都有“新秩序”，为避免重复，并体现原文的逻辑关系，应改变原文结构，把后面一句变成介词短语，译为：“with the aim of”。
6．“左邻右舍”，如果单单按字面意思译为“neighbors”则指代不明，应根据上下文，译为“China’s neighbors”。
7．“和平共处五项原则符合各国人民的根本利益，有利于世界和平与发展”。 这里的“符合利益”与“有利于”是同义重复，为使译文简洁清楚，可以采取合并的办法，译为：“The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence meet the fundamental interests of the people of all countries and the interests of world peace and development.”
8．“因此在和平共处五项原则的基础上建立国际新秩序，是时代的要求，是各国人民的迫切愿望”。“是是”可以译为“bothand”，使译文更紧凑、逻辑更清晰。
9．“还是”在这里是语气词，根据上下文，译为“after all”。
10．“干净利落，清清楚楚”：汉语的四字习语，如果找不到对应的英文习语，译出意思即可。这里译为：“concise and clear”。
11．“我们应当用和平共处五项原则作为指导国际关系的准则，作为指导国与国之间关系的准则”。“指导国际关系的准则”与“指导国与国之间关系的准则”基本是同义重复，在这里是为了起到强调的作用，是常见的汉语修辞手法，翻译时可减词或合并处理，译为：“We should take the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as norms to handle relations among countries.”
12．“完全、彻底、全部”，同上例一样，这三个词组是同义重复，口译时需去掉重复的词而仍保持原意，可译为：“completely”。
13．“都是靠不住、行不通的”。这里采用反译和同义合并法，译为：“invariably fail”。

篇章译文：

The Chinese government firmly stands for the establishment of a new type of international relations and a new international order.When meeting an Indian government delegation at the end of 1953, Premier Zhou Enlai for the first time put forward the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence. He visited India and Burma the following year, and in the respective joint statements issued, Premier Zhou and his Indian and Burmese counterparts called for adopting the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the norms governing international relations.

From the 1950s until now, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have stood severe tests and shown strong vitality. China has always striven to develop friendly relations with other countries on the basis of these principles. Since they were enunciated and advanced, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have been accepted by the vast majority of countries. They are affirmed in the bilateral documents signed between China and these countries such as treaties, conventions, declarations and statements and are repeatedly quoted or reiterated at many important international forums and in international documents. This shows that the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have evolved into generally recognized norms governing international relations.

To build a just and new international political and economic order based on equality and mutual benefit is the fervent desire of all the peace loving countries and peoples. In as early as 1988, Deng Xiaoping explicitly pointed out that it was imperative to build both a new international economic order and a new international political order, with the aim of putting an end to hegemony and carrying out the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

These principles have stood the test of time and meet the needs of countries with different systems and different levels of development as well as China's neighbors. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence meet the fundamental interest of people of all countries and the interest of world peace and development. To build a new international order based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence is both the call of the time and the urgent desire of people of all countries. China calls for the establishment of a new international order based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence also for the following reasons: First, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence contain the basic norms governing international relations and give full expression to the nature of new type of international relations. They are in full keeping with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.

Secondly, being a whole set of standards governing behavior of countries, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are more comprehensive and more reasonable than other laws that are international or regional in nature. Deng Xiaoping said, “After all, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the best principles to pursue. They are well defined, clear and concise. We should take the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as norms to handle relations among countries.”

Thirdly, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence completely do away with the unjust and unreasonable factors and negative influence in the old international relations and repudiate hegemony and power politics. They give expression to the democratic spirit in the contemporary international relations and the desire of the international community and particularly the large number of developing countries. Hence, they meet the fundamental interests of the people in the world.

Both history and the current international developments since World War II have shown that, in handling relations among countries, practices of defining friends and enemy according to differences in social system and values through forming “camps”, “groups”, “the big family” and “alliances” have invariably failed. Only by observing the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence can normal state-to-state relations be maintained and a just international order be established.

The establishment of a new international order based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence will surely safeguard world peace and promote common development and human progress. Therefore, as soon as they were proposed, many countries, developing countries in particular have warmly received the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China is ready to work with other countries for the establishment of a new international order on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.