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2015年8月GMAT阅读机经之月球和金星
日期:2015-09-15 15:37

(单词翻译:单击)

月球和金星?还是月球sample?还是月球dust?(已考古/待确认)

  V1

  新发现 金星地表上的坑比预计的少,而且旧坑没了只留新坑了。很特殊的现象。地球少是因为水流和风腐蚀,而金星地表温度高没水且仅有微风。有两个理论解释:一是S&St提出800万年前有一次大的毁灭把旧坑都灭了。 二是Phillip提出一直都有毁灭腐蚀,旧坑慢慢消失。然而此解释不可靠,因为与在金星上观察到的地表痕迹不符

  疑似考古

  月球表面的坑

  【版本1】月球表面的坑是怎么来的,逻辑结构清晰得让人绝望,第一段说有三种说法p s i(瞎编的) 第二段说三种都是错的,还分别给出了原因,最后一段说collision才是真正原因。

  【版本2】先是说venus表面的。。(大概是陨石坑吧,不认识那个词)比科学家想象中的少。第二段把Venus和Earth做了比较。第三段是说几个研究这个现象的解释的原因,但最终也没解释出来。

  【版本3】还有一篇不记得了。。不是这个,没有提到月球,是和地球比较的。比较那一段我记得说地球上的一些地貌被水和风腐蚀了,但是在金星上温度太高没有水存在风又很温和,所以排除了这个类似。比较是在第二段出现的,这段不难,但是没有题。最后一段先是提到两个人S和W的研究,给出了一个可能性。然后又给出了另一个人的观点,说是什么什么。。但最后又说这些研究还有没有解决一个主要问题。我查了一下,我不认识的那个词,应该是crater,有火山口、陨石坑的意思。

  【版本4】一篇是那个VENUS的,JJ有,可是有一题问M东西观察到的情况可以推出什么,虽然文章可以知道意思是坑比想象的少,但是选项作了点变动。

  【版本5】还有一道是那个vernus 表面crater的题,有道题问那个probe的探索到的结果哪一点不是科学家们所预期的,貌似应该是面积大的crater的数量与其他星球像moon表面上相比还是很少,还有问道文章的主旨的,the primary purpose of the article is what...

  【版本6】有一篇很长,讲VENUS上的坑为什么少了,和JJ不太一样,第一段讲那个坑本来科学家觉得很多的,后来发现比预计的少,第二段讲和地球比,地球的坑为什么没少呢,好像说到V的温度高什么的没出题,第三段说3个人提出了方法测试,但是不能说明原因,后来P某来做实验,但也失败了,问失败的原因。还有一道题就是文章结构,我选的是B。

  旧JJ考古:

  【版本1】最后一篇讲什么Venus星球上lava,不同专家认为分类不同。很多专有名词,还有好多星球名称。

  【版本2】讲Venus表面的lava。有学者说Venus上的lava和月球表面的什么什么rill差不多,作者说不对,差多了。lava很浅,很长,流的方式也不一样,还有沉积物,跟那个什么rill根本不同(有题:问以下都是lava不同于。。rill的地方,EXCEPT,有人推测说lava的形成是一种类似火山喷发的东西造成的,但是这推测不对,因为那玩意一喷发,出来的流质会很快凝固,并且会很深,不像lava那么浅。… … 最后提出lava根地球上一种的carbonate流质最相近

  【版本3】第一段,There are three different theories about how moon becomes based materials that US astronauts brought back. The author point put that those three theories have some problems. 第二段, a new theory Clin.. can explain and has more evidence to support its theory.

  【版本4】关于Venus 上channel (原题是拉丁文名称) 的成因。有人说venus上的channel是月球channel(原文是另外一个拉丁文名称)一个特例。但实际上,是一种distinct 类型。根据channel里固化lava的状态推测lava的成分类型,和月球的性质根本不同,而和地球上的一种lava却具备那种特性。

  【版本5】先说科学家发现金星上有某种lava channel, 以为跟月亮或者其它什么星球上发现的差不多。结果发现有诸多不同之处,好像说了4点不同(有考点,问哪项是这四点中没有提到的)。中间一部分记不定得了。Assumption, 主要解释为什么channel可以很长,说了一个形成长channel的process,其中好像说lava比周围的物质温度高什么的,然后又说在金星上并没有发现支持这个process的具体证据,但发现在8球上的channel找到了证据。(有考点,问提到地球上碳化的lava是为了什么?)另外还考到主题题。

  【版本6】LAVA OF VENUS 60行左右

  在VENUS 上有个LAVA CHANNEL (为CANAVALLI,斜体 ), 传统认为它是peculiar version of a type of ABC (一个特殊名词) of the moon. 然而,另外一个人认为不对,?に礳anavalli is more narrow and (细节题,问月球的ABC和CANAVALLI有不同之处EXCEPT: 有个迷惑选项: 3个都好区分,就是lava 和 exhibit different meandering behaviors弄得我头大 )

  然后开始论证,说canavalli应该不是LAVA 的sediment, 因为Canavalli不大可能能流这么远的。因为:heat 不够支持lava流这么远,即使温度够的话,根据麦哲伦号的图片显示,流出的lava 根E不能被这个CHANNEL所包含(就是说流太多了,肯定要溢出来)。然后,有个人说了,它有可能能流这么远的,是因为熔岩的Viscosity比较低,所以可能流到那么远。Lava of silicate does not demonstrate such behaviors. Carbonate that are rarely found in Earth does. (这里有细节题,我记忆有点模糊了,反正就是对这个粘度和SILICATE和CARBONATE的关系,好像有2题)。

  阿波罗飞船探月

  V1byDoraZhao

  一个关于lunar 啥啥的研究。

  V2bymyc_815

  第一段,当阿波罗飞船从月球取回土壤样本时大家都认为月球表面smooth, airless,似乎很安详,但其实环境很恶略,好像总是下细小的颗粒雨把地面弄的坑坑洼洼

  第二段,有点忘了,好像说科学家研究这些小颗粒富含许多物质可以当作资源使用。最后一句说有些dust对机器对人有害,人会吸入肺中。 (有考题)

  第三段,忘了。

  V3byzephyruswong

  阿波罗探月,这个没读明白。不记得了。 。大概就是取月亮上的东西做实验。 。

  V4byDreamsgirl

  一篇考的是Appollo计画,挺长的,一屏多

  V5bygtagta(720)

  一篇是月球的。大概是讲月球表面的物质构成的,然后科学家根据月球探测器带回来的sample想在地球上模拟一个类似的环境,最终目的是人类能在月球上生活。

  V6byzengwj

  第一篇:关于月球的(长度:一屏半)

  美国阿波罗号探访月球,发现月球上面的小圆点原来都是一个个很大的坑。月球上有一种沙尘暴(按照文章的理解应该是类似与沙尘暴的东西),里面的小颗粒对机器,人都会有损害。 (文章会问道这种颗粒有什么特征,阅读的时候注意一下)

  阿波罗号回来后,科学家根据月球探测器带回来的sample想在地球上模拟一个类似的环境,模拟的材料出了来自美国,当然还来自国际。 (有问题问到模拟器中物质的问题,我选这种物质不是所有的都是来自美国的选项,不知道对不对。答案在第二段)

  V7bydidiflute

  第一段讲以前认为月球很平坦,但是现在发现月球上有很多坑,然后说月球表面的什么土什么的对机器有损害,对人的肺也是。 (后面有考题,问说如果不是宇航员上月球而是用机器人,那么下面那个是正确的:基本确认,选择说如果机器人能够避免月球表面的对metal的腐蚀那么这个计画就是顺利的。总之是有个unless的选项,大概是C吧)

  第二段是讲到了APOLO阿波罗号带回来的什么样本,然后科学家只有simulate模拟这种月球的土质才能以后在月球上built观测点开发月球。 (这里有题,好象是infer题吧,大概是选科学家只有运用这种simulant(这词我不太懂,约摸是对土质的模拟的意思吧)才能够进行试验)。然后说现在能够模拟出那些那些方面的regional 土质来了。一大堆细节,不重要。

  这篇考到的话要好好看哈,反正挺烦的。 。 。拖我时间了的。

  然后第三段不太重要。

  V8byjjj_kkk_kkk(760 V41)

  第一段,lunar rock sample有suprising results-很晦涩的一段,地理名词太多。幸好考点不多第二段现实的lunar sample太少,不足以做研究(考点,细节)。

  第三段US在Arizona用火山岩仿照lunar rock。只仿造3种最基本的--有题,问原因,原因是造所有的成本太高。

  V9bykidyrain(730)

  lunar带回来的sample那篇,有一道问题是infer题,问可以从lunar带回来的sample中知道什么,开始的时候看了很久,后来恍然大悟应该选A,但选项忘了

  V10by zl_summer

  说阿波罗从月球带回了一些sample,科学家研究表明以前观点不对,事实上它的表面有很多***(不记得了)然后这类研究就不流行了,知道某些科学家发现研究还是有意义的,于是合成了某三个物质去某一月球,但是由于月球表面各地是复杂的,所以很难推,尽管如此,模拟的材料还是取得了成功,这些东西的原材料来自世界各地(有一题就是关于这个的)。

  V11by amumu

  (1)suggest题,要一个个排除

  (2)寂静题:就是不是所有都来自美国那个。

  (3)主题题:选择的是explain context ...

  V12by Saixss(740 V39)

  我出到了一个题目问关于那个material,仔细看过了,应该是选不是来自美国的一个地方的那个选项。 。

  又考到关于那个regolith,这里是重点好好看。 。问这个agglutinates有什么特点。 。我好像选的是被GLASS包围的那一项。 。还有什么IRON含量很高,或者是来自regolith。 。

  V13by zowenny (V27)

  题目第一题是inffer 我选的是月球上的环境会导致mental 的设备坏掉还有一题问你关于从月球上取回来的sample 我选的是他们只对那些研究AISm之类的一个项目的科学家available 有一题问如果用机器人探月的话要成功则选哪个only if 寂静里的那个答案是对的

  V14by yiluqiming

  就是问关于那个lunar sample的问以下哪个是正确的?我选的是那个lunar sample 几乎包含了major 月球的成分,还有答案是说sample里有月球上带来的火山岩,这是错的,因为原文指明了此火山岩是从在Arizona in US 那里拿来的

  V16by winner2010(690 V35)

  这篇有个题目很搞的,问到那个regolith,大家好好看看吧.我觉得是二三段里定位…

  V17bygerrard(710 V36)

  第一段讲以前认为月球很平坦,美国阿波罗号探访月球,发现月球上面的小圆点原来都是一个个很大的坑。月球上有一种沙尘暴(按照文章的理解应该是类似与沙尘暴的东西),里面的小颗粒对机器,对人都有害,人会吸入肺中。

  Q1:问说如果不是宇航员上月球而是用机器人,那么下面那个是正确的:基本确认,选择说如果机器人能够避免月球表面的对metal的腐蚀那么这个计画就是顺利的。总之是有个unless的选项,大概是C吧)

  第二段是讲到了APOLO阿波罗号带回来的什么样本,现实的lunar sample太少,不足以做研究。然后科学家只有simulate模拟这种月球的土质才能以后在月球上built观测点开发月球。模拟的材料出了来自美国,当然还来自国际。

  Q2:问模拟器中物质的问题,我选这种物质不是所有的都是来自美国的选项,答案在第二段(730)

  Q3:infer题:问可以从lunar带回来的sample中知道什么,选A,大概是选科学家只有运用这种simulate才能够进行试验。

  Q4.第三段US在Arizona用火山岩仿照lunar rock。只仿造3种最基本的--有题,问原因,原因是造所有的成本太高。 ..

  相关文章

  阿波罗。 。来考一个~

  找资料的时候翻到的别人考来的。 。拿来share一个~

  不知道古不古啊~~~来看看啊~~

  Working in a space suit is difficult because it reduces the dexterity of its wearer, so specialized tools were developed for Apollo astronauts to use in gathering rock and dust specimens. The grip attainable with spacesuit gloves was restricted and fatiguing for the hands, so all tools were designed with large-diameter, textured grips. Because astronauts could not bend over in their space suits, tools either had a long handle or were attached to an extension handle.

  Specimen-Collection Tools

  Tongs or a rake were used to collect rocks that were fist-sized or smaller. By raking a large area, an astronaut could quickly gather many walnut-sized rocks free of soil. The goal was to collect many small diverse rock specimens, rather than a few large ones. In contrast, dust samples were acquired by scooping. As astronauts learned about the behavior of the Moon's very fine dust in low gravity, the efficiency of the scoops evolved. The first scoop was boxy. By the Apollo 15 mission, the final design was achieved by an adjustable angle, tapered scoop.

  To recover the dust preserved in original layers, as desired by the geologists, core tubes were used. The coring devices were of two types: tubes that were pounded into the ground with a hammer, called "drive tubes," and tubes that were drilled into the ground with a rotary/percussive motor, called "drill cores." Narrow, relatively thick-walled drive tubes were used on the early missions (Apollo 11, 12 and 14). The Apollo 11 drive tubes were designed to acquire "fluffy " dust, not the densely packed dust and rock fragments the astronauts encountered. Consequently, the Apollo drive tubes penetrated only about 10 centimeters (3.94 inches). By the time of the Apollo 15 mission, the drive tubes had been redesigned with larger diameters and thin walls. These tubes acquired dust and rock fragments in nearly undisturbed condition. Drive tubes were used to sample lunar regolith (the dust and rocky material covering the Moon's surface) to a depth of 0.6 meters.

  The drill core, used on the last Apollo missions, acquired regolith up to 3 meters in depth with good preservation of stratigraphy. These samples contained a very useful record of the cosmic ray history on the Moon. The drill motor provided a rotary/percussive action to penetrate the regolith and worked quite well. Apollo astronaut Dave Scott had great difficulty pulling the first drill core, but altering the drilling technique on later missions greatly facilitated extraction. In operating the drill, astronauts would add sections as needed to lengthen the drill stem . When extracting the drill stem, the sections would be disconnected and capped, then packaged together for the return to Earth.

  Sample Transport Containers

  The basic box used to transport the samples from the vacuum of the lunar surface to the atmospheric pressure of Earth was carved from a single blockof aluminum and had a triple sealing mechanism consisting of a knife-edgeto-metal seal and two O-ring seals. Two of these boxes were flown on each Apollo mission. Since much more sample material was collected on the later missions, specimens that did not fit into the two boxes were brought back in tote bags.

  Apollo astronaut Harrison Schmitt uses a lunar rake to collect discrete rock samples and rock chips less than one inch in size.

  Most of the smaller samples were placed into numbered individual sample containers before being placed into the transport boxes or bags. To preserve the pristine lunar dust and fragments, some samples were placed into gas-tight cans sealed with a knife-edge-to-metal sea??l. Many rock and dust samples were placed into numbered Teflon bags with fold-over closures.

  Specimen Collection Accessories

  A gnomon was a device the astronauts placed on the lunar surface to indicate which way was "up" and provide a color scale. With the gnomon in the pictures taken of ro??cks on the lunar surface, accurate sun angle and rock color could be determined. A spring scale similar to those used for weighing fish was included to estimate the total sample weight before ascent from the Moon. Little use was made of the lens/brush tool that geologists had thought would be needed to dust off the rocks and examine them through a lens.

  The early Apollo missions focused on learning how to work in the lunar environment. The later missions encompassed greater sophistication in the collection of specimens, accompanied by the specialization of tools and containers. Over the course of six Apollo landings, the opportunity to adapttools based on experience with the lunar environment was especially seen in the evolution of the drive tubes.

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