阅读试题

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children arc easy to remember.

68. The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. selling down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples

69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies

70. What does the word "they" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Commonly accepted rules.
B. The multiplication tables.
C. Things easily forgotten.
D. School subjects.

71. What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It's helpful only in a limited way.
C. It's possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students' learning interest.

参考译文

成年人经常会感到奇怪：他们为什么会记得那些小时候学过却从未练习过的东西？当一个已经数年没有机会去游泳的人回到水里时，他仍然可以游得像以前一样好。多年以后，他还可以骑自行车，还以单车上路。他还可以像他儿子一样玩抛接球的游戏。数年没有关心过自己所说的话的妈妈依然可以教她的女儿以“一闪，一闪，亮晶晶”为开端的诗歌，或者是她所记得的关于“灰姑娘”或“金发女孩和三只熊”的故事。

对这种现象有一种叫做“超量学习法则”的解释，这个法则可以这样描述：一旦我们已经学习过某些东西，拿么额外的学习实践会延长我们的记忆时间。

童年时期，我们学习一些技巧之后通常会继续练习很长时间，例如，游泳，骑自行车，打棒球。我们会继续听，并用类似“一闪，一闪，亮晶晶”的语言或“灰姑娘”及“金发女孩和三只熊”的童话故事来提醒我们自己。我们不仅学习而且是超量学习。

我们会很快忘记在学校学习的那些一般规则，但是乘法口诀表是其中的一个特例，因为它们是我们在童年时期超量学习的另一种东西。

超量学习的法则充分解释了为什么突击学习可以让你通过考试，但是我们考前突击的方法却不适合用来学习大学课程。通过突击学习，学生可以很好地学习课程以便通过考试，但是不久他可能就会忘记他所学的一切。但另一方面，一定量的超量学习对于未来的发展而言确实是必不可少的。

答案解析

67. A 考查段落大意。第一句是本段的中心句，根据本段的内容可知A项最能概括本段的大意。
68. D 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的内容可知作者用不同的事例来解释过度学习法则。
69. A 考查推理判断。第四段中提到我们通常会很快忘掉在学校中学到的知识，而乘法口诀表是一个例外，再结合本段后半部分的内容可知作者认为这是过度学习的结果。
70. B 考查词义杖猜测。画线词是童年B时代过度学习的另外一件事情，结合本段前半部分中的内容可推测此此处指"乘法口诀表"。
71. B 考查作者态度。根据最后一段中间部分的内容可知，作者认为突击学习的作用很有限。