2019年6月英语六级(第1套)听力真题 录音(3)
日期:2019-10-09 10:20
(单词翻译:单击)
Recording 3
录音3
I'm a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia, I specialize in cultural psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
我是不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一名心理学教授，我的研究领域是文化心理学，探究东亚和北美之间的异同。
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, help people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves.
我们的研究团队一直在研究自我激励的文化差异，帮助大家对自己以及对和自己相关的事物的感觉更加积极。
For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don't own it.
例如，当你拥有某件东西的时候，与不拥有这件东西时相比，你会觉得它更有价值。
It's called the endowment effect. The strength of that effect is stronger in western cultures than in East Asian cultures.
这是禀赋效应。这种效应的强度在西方文化中比在东方文化中更大。
So we've been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
所以我们一直在寻找其他的方式，来研究这种积极看待自己的动机是否由文化经验所塑造。
We've also started to look at how culture shapes sleep.
我们也开始研究文化如何影响睡眠。
We are still in the exploratory stages of this project, although what's noteworthy that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do.
我们还处于这个项目的探索阶段，不过值得注意的是，东亚人每晚的平均睡眠时间比北美人少1.5个小时。
And it's not a more efficient sleep, not like they're compressing relatively more value out of their hours.
但这并非更有效率的睡眠，并不是他们从自己的时间中挤出更多的价值来。
Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants.
其他的研究发现，即使是东亚的婴儿也比欧洲的婴儿要少睡一个小时。
So we're trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
所以我们正在努力探究文化是如何影响睡眠方式的。
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab, instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches and they wear them for a week at a time.
我们的实验并不是在睡眠实验室里进行，相反，我们发给人们动作捕捉手表，他们每次佩戴手表一周。
Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on.
只要他们没有洗澡或游泳，他们都戴着手表。
These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient the sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night.
睡眠研究中使用这些手表是作为一种测量人们睡了多久、睡眠的效率，以及他们晚上是否醒来的方式。
Ideally, I'd like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We'll see where the research points us.
理想的情况是，我愿意将这带入控制的实验环境中。我们将查看这个研究会指引我们走向何方。
We usually start off with the more affordable methods.
我们通常在刚开始时都会使用一些承受得起的方法。
And if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
如果各方面看起来都不错的话，那就有理由建立一个睡眠实验室，用那种方式研究跨文化睡眠。
Why do we study sleep? Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally.
我们为何要研究睡眠？睡眠这个话题还没有以跨文化的方式研究过。
I'm attracted to it because culture isn't something that only shapes the way our minds operate, it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
我被这个话题吸引是因为，文化并非是影响我们大脑运转方式的唯一因素，它也会塑造我们身体运作的方式，睡眠就处于身体和心灵的交点。
22. What does the speaker mainly study?
22. 这位叙述者主要研究什么？
23. What does the speaker say about North Americans?
23. 叙述者关于北美发表了什么看法？
24. How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?
24. 这位叙述者如何进行睡眠研究？
25. What does the speaker say about research on sleep?
25. 这位叙述者围绕睡眠实验说了什么？
录音3
I'm a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia, I specialize in cultural psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.
我是不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一名心理学教授，我的研究领域是文化心理学，探究东亚和北美之间的异同。
Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, help people have positive feelings towards not only themselves but things connected to themselves.
我们的研究团队一直在研究自我激励的文化差异，帮助大家对自己以及对和自己相关的事物的感觉更加积极。
For example, when you own something, you view it as more valuable than when you don't own it.
例如，当你拥有某件东西的时候，与不拥有这件东西时相比，你会觉得它更有价值。
It's called the endowment effect. The strength of that effect is stronger in western cultures than in East Asian cultures.
这是禀赋效应。这种效应的强度在西方文化中比在东方文化中更大。
So we've been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is shaped by cultural experiences.
所以我们一直在寻找其他的方式，来研究这种积极看待自己的动机是否由文化经验所塑造。
We've also started to look at how culture shapes sleep.
我们也开始研究文化如何影响睡眠。
We are still in the exploratory stages of this project, although what's noteworthy that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do.
我们还处于这个项目的探索阶段，不过值得注意的是，东亚人每晚的平均睡眠时间比北美人少1.5个小时。
And it's not a more efficient sleep, not like they're compressing relatively more value out of their hours.
但这并非更有效率的睡眠，并不是他们从自己的时间中挤出更多的价值来。
Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants.
其他的研究发现，即使是东亚的婴儿也比欧洲的婴儿要少睡一个小时。
So we're trying to figure out how culture shapes the way you sleep.
所以我们正在努力探究文化是如何影响睡眠方式的。
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab, instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches and they wear them for a week at a time.
我们的实验并不是在睡眠实验室里进行，相反，我们发给人们动作捕捉手表，他们每次佩戴手表一周。
Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on.
只要他们没有洗澡或游泳，他们都戴着手表。
These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient the sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night.
睡眠研究中使用这些手表是作为一种测量人们睡了多久、睡眠的效率，以及他们晚上是否醒来的方式。
Ideally, I'd like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We'll see where the research points us.
理想的情况是，我愿意将这带入控制的实验环境中。我们将查看这个研究会指引我们走向何方。
We usually start off with the more affordable methods.
我们通常在刚开始时都会使用一些承受得起的方法。
And if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.
如果各方面看起来都不错的话，那就有理由建立一个睡眠实验室，用那种方式研究跨文化睡眠。
Why do we study sleep? Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally.
我们为何要研究睡眠？睡眠这个话题还没有以跨文化的方式研究过。
I'm attracted to it because culture isn't something that only shapes the way our minds operate, it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.
我被这个话题吸引是因为，文化并非是影响我们大脑运转方式的唯一因素，它也会塑造我们身体运作的方式，睡眠就处于身体和心灵的交点。
22. What does the speaker mainly study?
22. 这位叙述者主要研究什么？
23. What does the speaker say about North Americans?
23. 叙述者关于北美发表了什么看法？
24. How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?
24. 这位叙述者如何进行睡眠研究？
25. What does the speaker say about research on sleep?
25. 这位叙述者围绕睡眠实验说了什么？
重点单词
