(单词翻译:单击)
Recording 3
录音 3
Today's crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.
今天英国老年人的护理危机有两个主要原因。
First, people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.
首先，人们的寿命越来越长，需求也越来越复杂。
Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.
其次，它们所依赖的体系中，国民健康和社会保健服务之间长期以来一直关系不良。
Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act.
当前的服务起源于两个关键措施，即国民健康服务和1948年的国家援助法案。
This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.
这就要求地方政府为老年人提供住宿，并监督独立机构经营的养老院。
They also provided home and community services, including meals, day centres and home helpers and other subsidized services.
他们还提供家庭和社区服务，包括膳食、日托中心、家庭佣工和其他津贴服务。
The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health care for all.
国民保健服务是免费的，完全由公众提供。它为所有人提供了最好的医疗保健。
No such vision guided residential and community care though.
然而，家庭护理和社区护理却没有前景。
The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had, with eligibility based on income.
这种照顾基本上是由志愿服务提供的，它们长期以来一直与地方当局合作，并根据收入来确定其资格。
Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at best in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge in care.
今天，男性的预期寿命已经从1948年的66岁上升到现在的80岁左右。此外，整体健康状况有所改善，医疗知识也有所提高。
This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring experts' support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.
这意味着，越来越多的人活得更长，需要专家支持。家庭提供的照料至少和以前一样多。
Even so, they can rarely, without subsidized support, address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.
即便如此，如果没有补贴支持，它们也很少能满足严苛的个人需求。随着这些趋势变得明显，对老年人的照顾面临着持续不断的批评。
From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible.
从20世纪60年代初开始，地方当局被要求规划卫生和福利服务。其目的是使老年人能够尽可能长时间呆在自己的家里。
But this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matters.
但这增加了人们对免费医疗和付费社会医疗之间缺乏协调的担忧。在20世纪70年代，一些措施试图改善情况。
However, at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending.
然而，在金融危机时期，资金减少，几乎没有变化。上世纪80年代，政府削减了支出。
Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew.
与此同时，对私营部门的偏好超过了对公共服务的偏好，使得管理变得更加困难。与此同时，患病老年人的数量也在增加。
Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so, though, while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.
各级政府强调需要改善服务。然而，他们这样做了，却几乎没有阻止可用援助的流失。各个政府部门的服务都是不定期的。
Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.
除非你愿意付钱，否则除了严重残疾的人以外，其他任何人都越来越难得到这些钱。
Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change? Discrimination against older people has a long history.
为什么60年的批评收效甚微？对老年人的歧视由来已久。
Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.
此外，那些受到医疗和社会保障不足影响的人力量微小，无法发起针对其他形式歧视的抗议活动。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
根据你刚刚听到的录音，回答第22至25题。
22. What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?
22. 英国目前老年人护理危机的原因是什么？
23. What does the speaker say about residential and community care?
23. 关于家庭护理和社区护理，讲话者说了什么？
24. What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?
24. 是什么让老年人护理管理在80年代变得更加困难？
25. What does the speaker say about older people in England?
25. 关于英国的老年人，讲话者说了什么？
