Lesson 7
第七课
reverse
vt. 撤销；使位置颠倒；使反向 vi. 倒转 n. 相反情况；反面；挫折 a. 相反的
Writing is reversed in a mirror.
写出来的字在镜子里是反的。
promote
vt. 促进；提拔；推销
We look down upon those who are promoted by virtue of flattering their superiors.
我们看不起那些靠奉承上级而被提升的人。
accuse
vt. 指控，指责
The police accused him of murder, but he said that he was innocent.
警方指控他犯了谋杀罪，但他说自己是无辜的。
view
n. 看法；观察；景色 vt. 看待；观察
What are your views on globalization? /How do you view globalization?
你对全球化有何高见？
gap
n. 缺口；差距；不足
By generation gap we mean that young people and old people have misunderstandings of each other and that both generations have different or even clashing values.
我们所说的代沟是指年轻人和老年人相互之间的误解及两代人各自所持的不同的甚至是互相冲突的价值观。
rate
n. 速度；比率；价格 vt. 评估；给…定级；值得 vi. 被评价
The rising divorce rate and the fall in birth rate reflect a change of social values in Europe.
离婚率的上升和人口出生率的下降反映了欧洲社会价值观的变化。
interval
n. 间隔；幕间休息
The train leaves this station at intervals of 5 minutes/at 15-minute intervals.
这个火车站每隔15分钟发一趟车。
equivalent
a. 相等的 n. 等价物
Your behavior is equivalent to cheating.
你的行为相当于欺骗。
tedious
a. 乏味的
Doing all these calculations without a computer would be extremely tedious.
没有计算机帮助，做所有这些计算会极其单调乏味。
harsh
a. 严厉的；刺耳的
"All hard rock music is harsh to the ear and all rock singers are harsh to the eye!" said Grandpa in a harsh voice.
爷爷用刺耳的声音说："所有硬摇滚音乐都是刺耳的噪音！所有摇滚歌手都是些刺眼的家伙！"
arouse
vt. 激起；唤醒
Actually, in a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of the object that arouses the bull.
事实上，在斗牛中，刺激公牛的是物体的运动，而不是颜色。
wreck
vt. 破坏；造成…失事 n. 残骸；精神或身体已垮的人
The large ocean liner, Titanic,was wrecked by its collision with an iceberg on its virgin journey from Southampton to New York.
泰坦尼克号远洋巨轮在它从南安普敦到纽约的首次航行中因撞上冰山而失事。
undermine
vt. 暗中破坏，逐渐削弱；侵蚀…的基础
Unfair criticism can undermine employees' self-confidence.
不公正的批评会削弱雇员的自信心。
rip
v. 扯破 n. 裂口，裂缝
The jeans look fashionable with a rip in the left knee.
这牛仔裤左膝有一条裂缝看上去很时髦。
temper
n. 脾气；韧度 vt. 调和；使回火
Losing your temper often will add lines to your face.
经常发脾气会让你的脸增添皱纹的。
passion
n. 激情；酷爱
Celine Dion's singing is always filled with passion, and her song My Heart Will Go On is a good example.
席琳?迪翁的演唱总是充满激情，她那首《我心永恒》就是典型的例子。
pollute
vt. 污染；腐蚀
Money has polluted the democratic spirit of American politics.
金钱腐蚀了美国政治中的民主精神。
stain
vt. 沾污，染色 n. 污点
The ink stained my shirt. How can I get the ink stain out of my white shirt?
墨水在我的衬衫上留下了污迹。如何能弄掉白衬衣上的墨渍呢？
approach
v. 靠近 n. 靠近；途径；方法
As the CET-4 approaches, I become nervous. (The approach of the CET-4 makes me nervous.)
随着大学英语四级考试的来临，我变得紧张起来。（大学英语四级考试的来临使我紧张起来。）
resist
v. 抵抗；抗（病等）；忍住
I couldn't resist chatting online for over 8 hours a day once my vacation began,but then, I got tired of it 3 days later.
假期一开始，我就忍不住每天上网聊天八个小时以上，但是三天之后就厌倦了。
sustain
vt. 保持；供养；支撑；经受
It is said that Pavarotti, the famous Italian tenor,had to charter a plane whenever he was on a performing tour, because no common seat could sustain his weight.
据说意大利着名的男高音歌唱家帕瓦罗蒂每次巡回演出都得包机，因为没有一张普通的座椅能承受他的体重。
tolerate
vt. 容许；容忍
The school cannot tolerate students cheating on their exams.
学校不容许学生考试作弊。
bound
a. 一定的；受约束的；（for, to）准备到…去的 vi. 跳跃；弹回 vt. 给…划界限制
You've been studying so hard that you're bound to get a high score in the exam.
你一直以来都这么努力学习，考试时一定能拿高分。
boundary
n. 边界
A boundary dispute is a quarrel about where a boundary is or ought to be.
边界纠纷就是关于边界在何处或应当在何处的争论。
association
n. 协会；交往
Having an association with English native speakers is one way to improve oral English.
与母语是英语的人交往是提高英语口语的一种途径。
recycle
vt. 回收利用
Often substantial energy savings are achieved by recycling waste materials.
在很多情况下能源节省是通过回收再利用废旧材料达到的。
abuse
n. / vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
Some officials abuse their power and treat people with contempt.
一些官员滥用权力，盛气凌人地对待人民。
overlook
vt. 忽略；宽恕；俯瞰
The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook.
做聪明人的诀窍，就是要懂得该忽略什么。
intention
n. 意图
The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
好心办坏事。
enormous
a. 巨大的
When the first all-purpose computer was completed in 1946, no one could have foreseen the enormous impact it would have in the years ahead.
当第一台多功能电子计算机在1946年安装完备的时候，没有人能预见它在未来岁月里的巨大影响力。
rainbow
n. 虹
My four-year-old niece insisted that the rainbow in the sky should be the bridge for the fairies.
我4岁的外甥女坚持说天上的彩虹是给仙女过的桥。
ribbon
n. 丝带；色带
Girls sometimes use ribbons to tie their hair in a ponytail.
女孩子有时候喜欢用丝带扎马尾辫。
rank
n. 军衔；地位；（the pl.）普通成员；排 vt. 把…分等 vi. 列入
Brazil (was) still ranked top in the FIFA's world ranking in 2006.
2006年，巴西在国际足联排名表上仍排在首位。
occupy
vt. 占用；使忙碌
Is anyone occupying the seat?/Is this seat occupied?
这个座位有人吗？
classify
vt. 把…分类，把…分级
Killer whales aren't classified as true whales but as the largest of the forty kinds of dolphins.
逆戟鲸不被归为鲸类，而被归入40种海豚中最大的那一类。
glimpse
vt./n. 一瞥
I always (have a) glimpse at the headlines before I decide what to read in the newspaper.
在决定看报纸上哪些内容之前，我总是先迅速浏览一下标题。
vision
n. 想象（力），幻想；视力
My long term vision is to get my Ph.D.
拿博士学位是我长期的梦想。
entitle
vt. 给…权利；给…题名
This ticket entitles you to (get) a free French fries in the McDonald's.
凭此券你可在麦当劳免费得到一份炸薯条。
absorb
vt. 吸收；使全神贯注
Newton was so absorbed in his work that he boiled his watch when he wanted to boil an egg to eat.
牛顿如此专心于他的工作，以至想煮个鸡蛋吃的时候把手表给煮了。
concentrate
v. 全神贯注；集中；浓缩 n. 浓缩物
Can you still concentrate on your reading with the TV on?
开着电视你还能集中精神看书吗？
commit
vt. 犯（错误、罪行等）；（oneself）使承担义务；（to）把…托付给；拨出
It is a cowardly act to commit suicide in face of difficulty.
遇到困难时自杀是懦夫的行为。
switch
v. 转变 n. 开关；转变
Let's switch the conversation to a lighter subject.
我们把谈话转移到一个轻松点的话题吧。
convert
v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰
Coal can be converted into gas by burning.
煤炭通过燃烧可转化为煤气。
valid
a. 有根据的；有效的
In many countries, a driving license is a valid proof of identity.
驾驶执照在很多国家是有效的身份证明。
fruitful
a. 多产的，富有成效的
The anonymous tip proved fruitful, as the suspect was captured.
匿名悬赏取得了成效，因为嫌疑人被抓住了。
effective
a. 有效的；给人印象深刻的；实际的
We hope the government will take effective measures to reduce pollution.
我们希望政府采取有效措施减少污染。
expansive
a. 易膨胀的；开朗的，健谈的
Don't let out your secret to those who easily become expansive after a few drinks.
不要向那些喝几杯酒话就滔滔不绝的人泄露你的秘密。
expansion
n. 扩展；膨胀
We are recruiting talents for the following positions due to the expansion of business.
由于业务扩展，我公司现要招纳以下职位的人才。
define
vt. 给…下定义；限定
How do you define happiness?
你怎样定义"幸福"？
definite
a. 明确的；一定的
There are definite restrictions on the sale of alcoholic beverages.
关于酒类的销售是有明确限制的。
submit
vi.（to）屈服 vt. 提交；主张
The man refused to submit to an unjust decision.
那名男子拒绝服从不公正的判决。
claim
vt. 声称；对…提出要求；使失踪或死亡；需要 n. 声称；索赔
Do you believe the charlatans' claim that the panaceas they sell can cure all diseases?
那些江湖郎中声称他们卖的万灵药能治百病，你相信他们吗？
assert
vt. 断言；坚持
Copernicus asserted before the church that there was nothing wrong with his theory.
在教会面前，哥白尼坚称他的理论没错。
proclaim
vt. 宣告；显示
In Britain one's accent proclaims his social status.
在英国，一个人的口音显示他所处的社会地位。
amount
n. 数量；总数 vi.（to）合计；接近
Nationally, deaths from smoking-related illnesses amount to about 30 people each day.
在全国范围内，每天共计约30人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
tend
vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照管
Some people tend to work best under stress.
有些人处在压力下往往干得最出色。
tame
a. 驯服的；沉闷的 vt. 制服；驯化
Pigeons are easy to tame.
鸽子很容易驯养。
largely
ad. 大部分
The old tea clippers were largely replaced by steamships during the 19th century.
旧式的快速运茶帆船在19世纪时基本上被汽船代替了。
guilty
a. 内疚的；有罪的
Whenever I think of how hard my parents are saving for my education and how little I've learned, I feel guilty.
一想到父母为了我的教育攒钱那么辛苦，而我学得那么少，我就觉得内疚。
oblige
vt. 迫使；施恩于；使感激
I'm obliged to you for your help.
非常感激你的帮助。
issue
n. 问题；发行 vt. 发行；分发；流出
The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.
警方发出了寻找目击证人的呼吁。
severe
a. 严重的；严厉的；严峻的；朴素的
She received severe head injuries in the accident.
她在事故中头部受了重伤。
expose
vt. 暴露；（to）使处于…作用之下；揭露
His books exposed people to new ideas.
他的书使人们接触了新思潮。
exposure
n. 暴露；揭发；曝光
Exposure of the skin to strong sunlight can be harmful.
皮肤受烈日暴晒会被灼伤。
betray
vt. 背叛；失信于；泄露；（非故意地）暴露
She betrayed her friends by breaking her promises.
她不遵守自己的诺言，因而失信于她的朋友。
acquire
vt. 获得；学到
To acquire great success, you must work hard.
要获得成功，必须努力。
inquire
v. 询问
It's the secretary's job to inquire about the flights for the manager.
为经理查询有关航班的情况是秘书的职责。
furnish
vt. 布置；提供，装备
Many university career offices furnish students with resource materials to help them in their searches.
许多大学职业介绍机构向学生提供资料，帮助他们找工作。
propose
v. 提议；提名；打算；求婚
Man proposes, God disposes.
谋事在人，成事在天。
dense
a. 密集的；密度大的
An area with a dense population (A densely populated area) is a breeding place for infectious disease.
人口密集的地区是传染病滋生的地方。
device
n. 装置；策略
Silence is a device to avoid disputes.
沉默是避免争吵的一个策略。
trap
n. 陷阱；圈套；困境 vt. 设陷阱捕捉；使中圈套
The prosecutor's question was a trap that caused the defendant to admit his guilt.
公诉人的问题是一个圈套，诱使被告承认罪行。
constant
a. 始终如一的；不断的；忠实的 n. 恒量
In South China, the constant rain in spring is disgusting.
华南地区春雨连绵，这真令人讨厌。
bold
a. 勇敢的；鲁莽的；粗（字）体的
Fortune favors the bold, but abandons the timid.
命运宠爱勇敢者，但是抛弃弱小者。
efficient
a. 效率高的
Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.
高效的管理是降低生产成本的因素之一。
incline
v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于 n. 斜坡
People incline to sleepiness (=are inclined to sleep more) in spring.
春天里人们容易犯困。
purchase
vt./n. 购买
Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people living on fixed incomes.
通货膨胀降低了靠固定收入生活的人们的购买力。
particularly
ad. 特别，尤其
Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him.
每个人在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻。
retain
vt. 保持
This small village still retains its old-world character.
这个小村庄仍然保持着古朴的特色。
endure
v. 忍受；持久
Is it true that women's ability to endure pain is better than men's?
女人忍受痛苦的能力比男人强，这是真的吗？