(单词翻译:单击)
四级写作
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any other family member upon making a memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上
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四级听力
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Drections: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Question 1
A) This incident occurred in Tibet.
B) The dead cubs were found in the front of a temple.
C) Some tiger cubs were dead because of abuse.
D) The reason why they were in the freezer was clear.
Question 2
A) About 2 weeks.
B) About 7 days.
C) About 1 year.
D) About 40 days.
Drections: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Question 3
A) 17.
B) 2.3.
C) 57.
D) 12.
Question 4
A) It can reduce the time to travel.
B) It can reduce the vehicles on roads.
C) It can move cargo between north and south.
D) All of A、B and C.
Drections:Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Question 5
A) He was abandoned by his parents.
B) He got lost in the forest.
C) He went far to drink water.
D) It wasn't mentioned.
Question 6
A) The boy's father.
B) Soldiers, police and volunteers.
C) Japan's military.
D) Child psychiatrists.
Question 7
A) On Wednesday night.
B) A few minutes later.
C) Wednesday.
D) Since Saturday.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Drections: Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Question 8
A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.
B) He has signed up for a day course.
C) He has to work during the day.
D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
Question 9
A) Learn a computer language.
B) Learn data processing.
C) Buy some computer software.
D) Buy a few coursebooks.
Question 10
A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.
B) From September 1 to New Year's eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.
D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.
Question 11
A) What to bring for registration.
B) Where to attend the class.
C) How he can get to Frost Hall.
D) Whether he can use a check.
Drections: Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Question 12
A) A training coach.
B) A trading adviser.
C) A professional manager.
D) A financial trader.
Question 13
A) He can save on living expenses.
B) He considers cooking creative.
C) He can enjoy healthier food.
D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.
Question 14
A) It is something inevitable.
B) It is frustrating sometimes.
C) It takes patience to manage.
D) It can be a good thing.
Question 15
A ) The element of uncertainty and the mental challenge.
B ) The element of certainty and physical challenge.
C) The way he deals with all kinds of emotions.
D) The success that his stressful job brings about.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Drections:Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 16
A) There were no planets without moons.
B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer space.
D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.
Question 17
A) It has a number of active volcanoes.
B) It has an atmosphere like the earth's.
C) It has a large ocean under its surface.
D) It has deep caves several miles long.
Question 18
A) Light is not an essential element to it.
B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.
D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
Drections:Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 19
A) Whether they should take the child home.
B) What Dr. Meyer's instructions exactly were.
C) Who should take care of the child at home.
D) When the child would completely recover.
Question 20
A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.
D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.
Question 21
A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.
B) It contains many grammatical errors.
C) It is heavily dependent on the context.
D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.
Drections: Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 22
A) Job security.
B) Good labour relations.
C) Challenging work.
D) Attractive wages and benefits.
Question 23
A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
Question 24
A) Offer them chances of promotion.
B) Improve their working conditions.
C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
Question 25
A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
1.C) Some tiger cubs were dead because of abuse.
2.B) About 7 days.
3.C) 57.
4.D) All of A、B and C.
5.A) He was abandoned by his parents.
6.B) Soldiers, police and volunteers.
7.D) Since Saturday.
8.C) He has to work during the day.
9.B) Learn data processing.
10.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.
11.A) What to bring for registration.
12.D) A financial trader.
13.B) He considers cooking creative.
14.D) It can be a good thing.
15.A ) The element of uncertainty and the mental challenge.
16.C) Life was not possible in outer space.
17.C) It has a large ocean under its surface.
18.A) Light is not an essential element to it.
19.B) What Dr. Meyer's instructions exactly were.
20.D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.
21.A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.
22.C) Challenging work.
23.A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
24.D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
25.B) They concern a small number of people only.
四级阅读
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children __26__ every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and most older people do not feel __27__ .
About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have __28__ contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.
However, __29__ having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be __30__ , however, as ill health often makes older people more __31__ and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, __32__ spirits.
Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious __33__ , they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can __34__ cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, __35__ are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.
A.abandoned B.advanced C.biased D.chances E.commitment F.dampens G.dependent H.distant I.frequent J.fulfillment K.grant L.merely M.provide N.understandably O.unrealistically
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees (难民), threatening political stability everywhere.
[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security—has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second half of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets, recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and corn prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven—drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.
[F] In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion (转向) of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
[G] As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
[H] What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables (地下水位) in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.
[I] As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.
[J] As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
[K] In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
[L] Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
[M] For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
37. Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.
38. Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.
39. Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.
40. The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.
41. Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstacle to boosting the world's grain production.
42. The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world’s current military spending.
43. To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.
44. Environmental problems must be solved to ease the current global food shortage.
45. A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.
The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.
Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.
On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.
The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.
"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases," Salthouse said in a news release.
The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.
The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.
In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.
The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆), according to the researchers.
"By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."
The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.
46. What is the common view of mental function?
A) It varies from person to person.
B) It weakens in one's later years.
C) It gradually expands with age.
D) It indicates one's health condition.
47. What does the new study find about mental functions?
A) Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.
B) They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.
C) They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.
D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.
48. What does Timothy Salthouse say about people’s minds in most cases?
A) They tend to decline in people's later years.
B) Their flexibility determines one's abilities.
C) They function quite well even in old age.
D) Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.
49. Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they _____.
A) may be better at solving puzzles
B) can memorize things with more ease
C) may have greater facility in abstract reasoning
D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use
50. According to Salthouse, their study may help us _____.
A) find ways to slow down our mental decline
B) find ways to boost our memories
C) understand the complex process of mental functioning
D) understand the relation between physical and mental health
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand (简写) educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.
But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.
The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.
A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues related to educating a child.
Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.
This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.
The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预) works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.
For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.
51. What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?
A) It should cater to the needs of individual children.
B) It is essential to a person's future academic success.
C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.
D) Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.
52. What does the new Peabody study find?
A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.
B) The third grade marks a new phase of learning.
C) The third grade is critical to children's development.
D) Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.
53. When does the author think pre-K works the best?
A) When it is accessible to kids of all families.
B) When it is made part of kids' education.
C) When it is no longer considered a luxury.
D) When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.
54. What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?
A) She knows the real goal of education.
B) She is a mayor of insight and vision.
C) She has once run a pre-K program.
D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.
55. What does the author think is critical to kids' education?
A) Teaching method.
B) Kids' interest.
C) Early intervention.
D) Parents' involvement.
四级翻译
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用木石建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
四级答案
2014年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
Dear Mom,
Last week, I was informed that I won the first prize of the Fifth Youth Novelists Competition. I feel that my achievement in writing is mainly attributed to your love and support. So I am writing to extend my sincere thanks from thousands of miles away.
I still remembered how frustrated I was when you strongly objected to my ideas of being a novelist at the very beginning, for you thought it might be very hard for me to make a living on writing after my graduation. But at last, you showed your love and support for my dream. It was still a living memory when I was moved to tears hearing you really hoped I could be happy and would support my dream from then on. It is your love that motivates me to never give up being an insightful writer.
In the end, I want to thank you again for your consisting support for my dream. Your encouragement will be the very power to help me make greater progress.
Sincerely yours,
Mark
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1-7：CBCDABD
8-11：CBCA
12-15：DBDA
16-18：CCA
19-21：BDA
22-25：CADB
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：KAILC GFEND
36-45：FKCLB HMJLG
46-55：BDCDA CABDC
Part IV Translation
Located by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Wuzhen is an ancient waterside town in Zhejiang Province. It is a fascinating place where there are a good many of ancient bridges, Chinese hotels and restaurants. During the past 1,000 years, the water system and people's lifestyle in Wuzhen have undergone so little change that Wuzhen has become a museum displaying the ancient civilization. All the houses in Wuzhen were built out of stones and woods. For hundreds of years, the locals have built up residences and held fairs along the canal. As countless beautiful and spacious courtyards are hidden in between the houses, visitors find pleasant surprises everywhere.
