VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):动物宇航员
日期:2021-01-14 15:36

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Animal Astronauts
The first human moon landing happened more than 50 years ago. But did you know that human astronauts were not the first Earthlings to travel in space and circle the moon?
That honor goes to two Russian tortoises and several smaller creatures that went along for the ride.
Tortoises in space
On September 14, 1968, the Soviet space program sent two tortoises — along with some flies and worms — into space for a trip around the moon. NASA calls it "the first successful circumlunar mission carried out by any nation."
After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed on Earth by parachute in the Indian Ocean. They traveled back to Moscow on October 7.
Both tortoises survived the trip but not the experiment. NASA records state that the animals were dissected on October 11, 1968, to see how their bodies were affected by the space travel.
Dissection showed that "the main structural changes in the tortoises were caused by a lack of food and not the space travel." The tortoises had lost about 10 percent of their body weight. But they had stayed active and showed no loss of appetite.
When compared with a control group of tortoises on Earth, the space traveling creatures had a small amount of spaceflight-related atrophy. When parts of the body atrophy, they decrease in size or waste away.
The experiment demonstrated that the animals could travel around the moon and survive. But this did not mean that humans could do the same. That possibility required more testing.
Other animal space travelers
While tortoises were the first to travel around the moon, other animals have helped humans understand and explore space. On its website, NASA explains its history with animals in space.
In 1948, the U.S. began launching rhesus monkeys into space aboard a spacecraft called the V-2 Blossom. The monkey Albert I went up on June 11. On June 14, 1949, aboard another V-2 flight, Albert II reached a height of about 133 kilometers. Albert II died on impact at re-entry.
The last V-2 flight was on December 12, 1949. It involved the monkey Albert IV. On its website, NASA calls it "a successful flight, with no ill effects on the monkey until impact, when it died."

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Dogs in space
While the United States was experimenting with a lot of monkeys, the Soviet Union was experimenting with a lot of dogs.
On November 3, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 2 into Earth's orbit with a dog named Laika on board. NASA scientists say that Laika died after a few hours. Sputnik 2 continued to orbit for five months and then burned up in the outer atmosphere in April 1958.
Then later that year on December 13, the U.S. launched a squirrel monkey named Gordo about 965 kilometers high in a Jupiter rocket. Scientists were able to observe his body functions.
Gordo's capsule was never found in the Atlantic Ocean. He died on splashdown when a flotation device failed. However, scientists said readings taken of his breathing and heartbeat proved that humans could survive a similar trip.
These are just a few examples of how animals have helped humans explore space. We should not forget that mice and cats have also been used to help scientists better understand how travel beyond Earth affects living things.
I'm Anna Matteo.

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重点解析

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重点讲解:
1. go along 去(某地);
You should go along and have a look.
你应该去瞧瞧(&0Yu3jR*q
2. along with 与…一起;
There are 32 different kinds of chocolate on sale along with the bread and cakes.
有32种不同的巧克力与面包和蛋糕一起出售]gLzSi[2P3_Lhq1w3C
3. waste away 变消瘦;变衰弱;
Persons dying from cancer grow thin and visibly waste away.
因患癌症濒临死亡的人会日渐消瘦,而且身体明显衰弱7r[f6kip_6
4. burn up 烧毁;烧光;
The satellite re-entered the atmosphere and burned up.
卫星重新进入大气层,烧成灰烬T;^kxECoF8rxTIYT

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参考译文

动物宇航员
人类在50多年前首次登陆月球~c,*E(4J0l)3rFVoq|V^。但你知道人类宇航员并不是首个在太空旅行并环绕月球的地球公民吗?
这项荣誉属于两只俄罗斯乌龟和几只小生物,它们一起进行了太空旅行1qGrYg)C[%j4#7
乌龟上太空
1968年9月14日,苏联太空项目将两只乌龟以及一些苍蝇和蠕虫送入太空,进行绕月旅行S08@u|%VBF1@BWN。美国国家航空航天局(简称NASA)称之为“首个由国家进行且获得成功的绕月任务”W-x4SO+bEYuHIA6gKc,
经过一周的旅行,两只乌龟在印度洋用降落伞降落在地球上0@QLoRt~t;Q7_50LS4Wc。它们于10月7日被送回莫斯科7UqHZG9]F42oUMNr=t
两只乌龟都在这次旅行中幸存了下来,但未能在实验中幸存下来+1~&5[xX-0[WgK3Yp。美国国家航空航天局的记录显示,两只乌龟在1968年10月11日被解剖,以观察太空旅行对它们的身体造成了何种影响&h6)iuJ%;]~qLUrs
解剖显示,“造成两只乌龟主要结构变化的原因是缺乏食物,而不是太空旅行”,这两只乌龟的体重下降了10%wj-0d5.)lJ_.)C&。但它们一直保持活跃,未出现食欲减退现象IWq_lb)d_gY
与地球上的乌龟对照组相比,经历过太空旅行的乌龟出现了与太空飞行有关的轻度萎缩I8a-q54E03uuMmuB。身体的某些部位萎缩时,会变小或衰弱gJn_)ge26r+m7G%dQY
实验证明这些动物可以绕月旅行并存活下来V@,%%sewPI(uZyS。但这并不意味着人类也可以这o(&p-ejhkZ3yw!+8J。这种可能性需要更多的测试]uk7!)PPku5+3s@(SW4
其他动物太空旅行者
虽然乌龟是首批绕月旅行的动物,但其他动物也在人类了解和探索太空方面提供了帮助-oR;W4YQbnH4R@0zRZ6。美国国家航空航天局在官网上介绍了其送上过太空的动物00^bCN1aq52lsTi6X|V
1948年,美国开始用名为V-2 火箭的航天器将恒河猴送入太空kj__23rS!wL[Fw3;.49。6月11日,恒河猴阿尔伯特一号被发射升空8aLz##EG~gu1z。1949年6月14日,阿尔伯特二号乘坐另一艘V-2 火箭到达距离地面约133公里的高度_Apk07QU|c8.0。艾伯特二号在重返大气层时遭遇撞击死亡3ixas.Jb@5
最后一次V-2 火箭发射在1949年12月12日进行Ik3JUpBbOWlVs|RE4。这次升空的是恒河猴阿尔伯特四号ObU&I%eIuqqy,)T1z。美国国家航空航天局在官网上称,这是“一次成功的飞行,没有对猴子造成不良影响,最终猴子因遭遇撞击死亡q]F=N!Q=XoA!|5。”
狗狗上太空
美国在用猴子做实验时,苏联在用狗进行实验Q]AA7.%wpjuf_vOnVF@
1957年11月3日,苏联将搭载狗狗“莱卡”的卫星斯普特尼克2号发射进入地球轨道0Jo5nNE5JJ|fBxPHw。美国国家航空航天局的科学家表示,莱卡在几个小时后死亡+WTn_MTH)u4S3c。斯普特尼克2号继续在轨道上运行了5个月,于1958年4月在外层大气中烧毁qgF-VKDlGSW-
之后,同一年的12月13日,美国用“朱庇特”号火箭将松鼠猴“戈多”发射升空,到达距离地球约965公里的高度jqYd4yB=1aC)F。科学家能够观察到其身体机能IHS~()m@L&l&t-J
“戈多”的太空舱从未在大西洋被发现i#O;;SvyNvI7l。其因漂浮装置失灵在海上降落时死亡M#LlKAa&jV。然而,科学家表示,其呼吸和心跳的读数证明,人类可以在类似的旅行中幸存下来FI3z8qS]=Q(N2nhx^
这只是动物帮助人类探索太空的几个例子S)[CBb3_m)b;J。我们不应该忘记,老鼠和猫也曾被用来帮助科学家更好地了解地球以外的旅行如何影响生物GL7O_ZF(vuBxRT%D;
安娜·马特奥报道s(-%1;Wm*(kwF~;

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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