PBS高端访谈:与陌生人交谈
日期:2020-02-01 20:21

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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JUDY WOODRUFF: Each week on Brief But Spectacular, we invite you to walk in the shoes of someone new. Tonight's episode features author Malcolm Gladwell, who tells us what to look for when meeting someone for the first time. His latest book is called Talking to Strangers. Gladwell also hosts the podcast Revisionist History.

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MALCOLM GLADWELL, Author: What I learned about our encounters with strangers is that we're in too much of a hurry, that we seize on what available evidence is out there and jump to conclusions, and we are probably not as aware as we should be about how many mistakes we make in that process. Every time you meet someone new, there is a thrill of anticipation. You're presented with a puzzle, which is, who is this person, what do they want, what are they like, what motivates them? It's easy to create the illusion of intimacy and create the illusion that you understand the person that you're talking to. But you should be careful, because you probably don't. When a judge confronts a defendant in an attempt to decide whether they should be given bail or not, how good are they at making that judgment? They're trying to predict, is the person so dangerous that they shouldn't be released, or so not dangerous that they should? And what you discover in that moment is that judges do a very bad job of that. And that's because they're human beings, and human beings doing a bad job of summing up in a one-minute confrontation with a, between a defendant and a judge. The judge doesn't nearly have enough material to make a reasonable and accurate assessment. I think we should be aware that an awful lot of what we consider to be conflict in the world is not conflict. It's misunderstanding. The story of Sandra Bland may be the most heartbreaking of that series of high-profile encounters between African-Americans and law enforcement. She's the young woman from Chicago who is in a small town in Texas and pulled over by a police officer. She was distressed, and he thought she was dangerous. Those are two extremely different emotions with very, very different consequences.

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SANDRA BLAND, Chicago Resident: Why am I being apprehended? You just opened my car door. You just opened my car door. So, you're going to, you're threatening to drag me out of my own car?

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MAN: Get out of the car!

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MALCOLM GLADWELL: She was the furthest thing from a threat to him. But he perceived her that way. It ended in tragedy. We have an enormous amount of curiosity about the people we're meeting. That's what drives us to try and reach conclusions about them. And I don't mean to temper that curiosity. I mean to extend it. We have to find ways, not to replace the human judgment, but to assist it. And we're starting to do that with things like artificial intelligence, which are just ways of helping human beings correct for some of their biases. We are trusting engines. And that's a good thing. And that's an easy thing for me to accept, because I grew up in Southern Ontario in the '70s. Very easy if you grew up in Southern Ontario to accept the fundamental notion that we're better off trusting strangers. We have to slow down and take our time and be willing to consider the possibility that people are more complicated than we assume. My name is Malcolm Gladwell. This is my Brief But Spectacular take on talking to strangers.

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JUDY WOODRUFF: You can find more Brief But Spectacular essays on our Web site. That's PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

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重点解析

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1.too much of 太过

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She realizes now she expected too much of Helen.
现在她意识到自己对海伦的期望太高了WV+vyA.Rxz(@#)6g*E

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2.jump to conclusions 妄下结论

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I didn't want her to jump to the conclusion that the divorce was in any way her fault
我不想让她草率地断定离婚完全是她的错nrZJ+vyrtYn9B.3

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3.in an attempt to 企图

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I poured my thoughts out on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.
为了对自己的感情作出合理的解释,我把想法全都写在纸上xC&6)l-S6#XmQi~-JGD

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4.pull over 停靠路边

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Police pulled over his Mercedes near Dieppe.
警察在迪耶普附近让他将自己的梅赛德斯车停靠路边]_%lR9t98w=F(!K

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5.a thrill of 喜悦

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The news sent a thrill of joy to my heart.
这消息使我感到一阵喜悦4Ex0oaw=td)_TtvLlg

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参考译文

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朱迪·伍德拉夫:每一期《简单而精彩》,我们都会带领大家去体会他人的别样人生_pg2xM|_BYCf!;M]lXn。今晚的主人公是马尔科姆·格拉德威尔7A7.0zvUVMGO。他将讲述在第一次遇到某个人的时候看些什么XPppLh~pU|8RI.+mmat。马尔科姆·格拉德威尔最近的一本书叫《与陌生人交谈》hs&RYHtq5;i!MH7dY。格拉德威尔也是《修正主义历史》博客的主持人Dz#L8rK1O*b;Ktqw25-

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马尔科姆·格拉德威尔,作家:我从与陌生人邂逅中学到的是——我们太匆忙了,以至于我们根据随手看到听到的证据就妄下结论v,rN~+b&8[TLpC。我们大概率不会意识到在这个过程中,我们犯了多少错误w%XxyKJwb_W。每次我们遇到陌生人,都会有一种期望突然产生+!CndBO!hI_4P@X。我们脑海中会出现一个谜团——这个人是谁、他们想要什么、他们是什么样的人、他们做事有怎样的动机9ftE18]zSA^#。我们很容易就会产生一种与陌生人亲近的错觉,认为自己很了解这个与自己交谈的陌生人Irmq%KDlfkCXc。但大家应该小心了,因为你很有可能不了解s=jJ4z+Iz1z)T[V。当法官面对一个被告的时候,法官要试着判断出是否要让这个人获得保释kj%HKO84)mos1B(。法官有多擅长做这样的判决呢?法官要试着预测——这个人如果释放出狱的话,是否会构成危险;亦或即便释放出狱,也不会构成危险x9_AH&,;&y*Fp。那一刻,你会发现:法官非常不擅长做这样的判断,J@@7swewmAVOBc。这是因为:法官也是人,而人在与萍水相逢的人对峙时,往往会做出不合适的结论#JKW19I.7vy+]XB。以这个例子为例,这两个陌生人是法官和被告njSuM6I.r.U|A&ykw.|。法官也没有足够的资料能做出合理精确的评估9Fvf]%9#HKT^%s。我认为,我们应该意识到——在这个世界上,很多我们眼中的冲突都不是冲突,是误解wxXvZW6Vc_aw。说起非裔美籍人士和执法人员之间的“初次高调邂逅”,桑德拉·布兰德的故事可能是最让人心碎的那个atVi)8x~]GKz7。桑德拉是来自芝加哥的年轻女士k[Mzn1dT~[ZB。她在德克萨斯州的一个小镇被一名警官叫到路边停车RMz|W#R=SY。她很紧张,而那名警官认为桑德拉很危险zQ).6=jq&&~a&。这两种情绪非常不同,也会造成非常不同的结果#M#I5&fQmct6#oYIRdeG
桑德拉·布兰德,芝加哥居民:为什么要逮捕我?你刚才打开了我的车门kCxKpjrz7li。你打开了我的车门6~Y]|ue9Yk_3,BTcQ。所以,你是要——你是要威胁着把我拖出我的车?

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男:下车!

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马尔科姆·格拉德威尔:桑德拉对这名警官来说根本不是一种威胁p[TWB,|@x34Q。但这名警官将桑德拉视为一种威胁0xA2t^fCJzvLx&lJC。这个故事以悲剧结束)tbM%aINHLRdn~K。我们对于陌生人有着很大的好奇心!-J;x9w#U%P|u9zjBK。因此,我们试着对陌生人下结论mVu)i|Hwko;,6_H3qQz。我不是说这种好奇心有什么不好,我只是想扩大这种好奇心的范畴rkZnO*W(pnT。我们必须要寻找一些方法来帮助我们做判断,而不是要做出“人类惯有的草率判断”,5Bh1,OkmLjsE~v%。我们开始用人工智能等工具来做这样的判断,这些都是帮助人类纠正偏见的工具%+Y6T3TGZH^3hw。我们相信引擎,这是好事l(im&&H0y~。我也很容易接受这种现象,因为我是70年代在安大略南部长大的_H&X-RRTWqVw&A+。如果你在这里长大,你也很容易就能接受一种基本的理念——我们更容易相信陌生人Da6Ew+XT~Kg).;q_E。我们必须要放下脚步,慢慢来,我们要接受一种可能性——人是复杂的,比我们想的要复杂Pz^m0IN^-zl。我是马尔科姆·格拉德威尔,这是我本期分享的与陌生人交谈有关的《简短而精彩》9Z.dkw8,6*ImWHj4zXh

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朱迪·伍德拉夫:更多节目,可戳官网PBS.org/NewsHour/Briefd3smL=8Fut

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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