VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):研究表明气候变化可能导致美国鸟类变小
日期:2019-12-19 15:46

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Study: Climate Change May Be Causing Smaller American Birds
A new study has found that North American migratory birds have been getting smaller over the past 40 years.
Researchers say the finding suggests a warming climate could be affecting bird growth in North America — and across the world.
The study was recently published in Ecology Letters. It involved data on nearly 80,000 birds killed from 1978 to 2016 in the city of Chicago, Illinois. Researchers measured the size of the birds. The birds included in the study had died after crashing into buildings during the spring and fall migrations.
Fifty-two species of birds were studied. Most were different kinds of songbirds. These birds reproduce in cold areas of North America and spend their winters in areas south of Chicago.
Over the 40-year period, body size decreased in all 52 species. The average body mass fell by 2.6 percent. Leg bone length dropped by 2.4 percent.
The one area of growth was the wingspan, which increased by 1.3 percent. The researchers said the wing growth likely happened to permit the birds to continue making long migrations with smaller bodies.
The study considered a principle known as Bergmann's rule, in which individuals within a species grow smaller in warmer areas and grow larger in colder ones.

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Brian Weeks is a biologist at the University of Michigan's School for Environment and Sustainability. He helped lead the research.
He told the Reuters news agency that he believes the results show a clear link between a warming climate and the growth of the birds. "In other words, climate change seems to be changing both the size and shape of these species," he said.
The study found a direct link between the average summer temperature and the body size of the birds.
Dave Willard works with Chicago's Field Museum, which was in charge of measuring all the birds. He said nearly "everyone agrees that the climate is warming, but examples of just how that is affecting the natural world are only now coming to light."
The study provides new evidence of worrisome developments for North American birds. A study published in September documented a 29-percent drop in the bird population in the United States and Canada since 1970. The study said this represented a net loss of about 2.9 billion birds.
Weeks said the new study is the largest examination yet to measure body size reactions to warming temperatures involving a large, diverse group of species.
"We had good reason to expect that increasing temperatures would lead to reductions in body size, based on previous studies," Weeks added. "The thing that was shocking was how consistent it was. I was incredibly surprised that all of these species are responding in such similar ways."
The researchers plan to continue studying the Field Museum data in an effort to find additional evidence to support their findings. They will also further examine the idea that an individual's physical development can change to fit changing environmental conditions.
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重点解析

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重点讲解:
1. crash into 撞车;碰撞;相撞;
A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.
货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部=Glc6jNON2HM
2. in other words 换言之;换句话说;也就是说;
A common saying goes, "Knit the brows and you will hit upon a stratagem." In other words, much thinking yields wisdom.
俗话说:“眉头一皱,计上心来”X8KQ[r4xusc6g1_5e。就是说多想出智慧ezO#@N7z1dhk
3. in charge of 主管;全面负责;统领;
Officials in charge of the camps say the system is now running extremely smoothly.
负责这些营地的官员们说现在这一体系运转得非常顺利HRs788HNrD16,E.E
4. come to light 显露;揭露;为人所知;
Nothing about this sum has come to light.
关于这笔钱人们一无所知0cNvN~@;QBQz

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参考译文

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研究表明气候变化可能导致美国鸟类变小
一项新研究发现,过去40年来,北美候鸟的体型越来越小KvX,*G#yN[fS,G]3IGVr
研究人员表示,研究表明气候变暖可能对北美和全球的鸟类发育产生了影响e43W~O&ia);sDP|8O!
这项研究于近期发表在《生态学快报》上;#y~|RJ#+Bp。研究包含了1978年至2016年间伊利诺伊州芝加哥市死亡的近8万只鸟类的数据mXc].|1CMfFGliM。研究人员测量了这些鸟的大小(pH-)-JH+^jhcy-t3k。研究涵盖的鸟类因在春季和秋季的迁徙途中撞上建筑物而死亡KWnTjRZ[fX
这项研究涉及52种鸟类3wiQa)pI7QaD!87h。大多数是不同种类的鸣鸟n![z^Zqd~^(9.=8。这些鸟类在北美寒冷地区繁殖,在芝加哥以南地区过冬]G&cA6FMS9mFO
在过去40年中,所有52种鸟类的体型都变小了k[ZB+@)#o3M~X。它们的平均体重下降了2.6%t-839tmYJVvS7U,oAf。腿骨长度减少了2.4%b7u&=oo6]0AW;8CD
鸟类其中一个增长的身体部位是翼展,增幅为1.3%%SDFDKv-k;KKL-8j。研究人员表示,翼展增长很可能使鸟类可继续以较小的身体进行长途迁徙5hp0FgxV0tAy8^z
这项研究考虑了“伯格曼法则”的原理,即种群内的个体生活在较温暖地区的体型较小,而在较寒冷地区的体型较大PdR;@u3ErbjCB5ifr
布莱恩·威克斯是密歇根大学环境与可持续发展学院的生物学家(Xy)hLnrv1ctitUd]8n。他帮助领导了这项研究R,A-#=GLddqQ4=*-2_~
他对路透社表示,他认为研究结果表明气候变化与鸟类发育之间存在明显的联系F)!,GoPCCwY6H&j。他说:“换句话说,气候变化似乎正在改变这些物种的大小和外形kkOucuxT].u]KX。”
这项研究发现,夏季平均气温与鸟类的体型之间存在直接联系^8D*i++Bkc#O@v5|
戴夫·威拉德在芝加哥菲尔德博物馆工作,该博物馆负责对所有鸟类进行测量943%qTkh-G。他表示,“几乎所有人都同意气候正在变暖,但这会如何影响自然界的例证现在才浮出水面+O.kB-T6o7JE%k。”
这项研究提供了新证据,证明北美鸟类的发育的确令人担忧fF1I8TAw*+^*%OjI|。9月份发表的一项研究表明,自1970年以来,美国和加拿大的鸟类数量下降了29%|NnXtX]6TvrQNQCwgbA。该研究指出,这表明净损失了29亿只鸟类(Z-w)KrBxF7
威克斯表示,就测量大量不同物种的体型对气候变暖的反应来说,这项新研究是迄今为止规模最大的xoR7jnK3xK
威克斯说:“依据此前的研究,我们有充分的理由认为,日益升高的温度会导致体型变小sK|nj^J6DD.]LSxpyLl。令人震惊的是一致性^*@Kc=B0t30fX5。着实令我惊讶的是,所有这些物种都以类似的方式做出了反应jGXzr_|wdCD。”
研究人员计划继续研究菲尔德博物馆的数据,以找到更多证据来支持他们的研究结果Jvy5F*bPGVyVs]o,#WE。他们还将进一步验证这一想法:个体的身体发育可以为适应不断变化的环境条件而进行更改Vq^p(ZCQ=VM
布莱恩·莱恩报道btbJKLirmS9_(

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • controln. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置 vt. 控制,掌管,支
  • stratagemn. 战略,计谋
  • extremelyadv. 极其,非常
  • additionaladj. 附加的,另外的
  • environmentn. 环境,外界
  • populationn. 人口 ,(全体)居民,人数
  • temperaturen. 温度,气温,体温,发烧
  • fell动词fall的过去式 n. 兽皮 vt. 砍伐,击倒 a
  • measuredadj. 量过的,慎重的,基于标准的,有韵律的 动词me
  • knitvt. 编织,密接,结合,皱眉 vi. 编织,变得紧凑,