VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):欧洲移民到美洲新大陆找寻更好的生活
日期:2019-10-15 13:35

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. In our last program, we told you the story of the Statue of Liberty. It was given to the United States by the people of France. Lady Liberty holds a bright torch high over the harbor of New York City. Millions of immigrants coming to America passed the statue as ships carried them to the immigration processing center on Ellis Island. This week in our series, Leo Scully and Maurice Joyce tell the story of immigration in the United States during the eighteen hundreds. American life was changing. And it was changing quickly. Before eighteen sixty, the United States had an agricultural economy. After eighteen sixty, the country began to change from an agricultural to an industrial economy. In eighteen sixty, American shops and factories produced less than two thousand million dollars' worth of goods. Thirty years later, in eighteen ninety, American factories produced ten thousand million dollars' worth. By then, more than five million persons were working in factories and mines. Another three million had jobs in the building industries and transportation. Year after year, production continued to increase. And the size of the industrial labor force continued to grow.
A great many of the new industrial workers came from American farms. Farm work was hard, and the pay was low. Young men left the family farms as soon as they could. They went to towns and cities to look for an easier and better way of life. Many of them found it in the factories. A young man who worked hard and learned new skills could rise quickly to better and better jobs. This was not only true for farmers, but also for immigrants who came to the United States from foreign countries. They came from many different lands and for many different reasons. But all came with the same hope for a better life in a new world. In the eighteen fifties, America's industrial revolution was just beginning. Factories needed skilled workers -- men who knew how to do all the necessary jobs. Factory owners offered high pay to workers who had these skills. British workers had them. Many had spent years in British factories. Pay was poor in Britain, and these skilled workers could get much more money in America. So, many of them came. Hundreds of thousands. Some factories -- even some industries -- seemed completely British.
Cloth factories in Fall River, Massachusetts, were filled with young men from Lancashire, England. Most of the workers in the shipyards of San Francisco were from Scotland. Many of the coal miners in America were men from the British mines in Wales. Many were farmers who came to America because they could get land for nothing. They could build new farms for themselves in the rich land of the American west. One of the best-liked songs in Britain then was a song about the better life in America. Its name: "To The West." Its words helped many men decide to make the move to America. "To the West, to the West, to the land of the free Where mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea; Where a man is a man if he's willing to toil. And the poorest may harvest the fruits of the soil. Where the young may exult and the aged may rest, Away, far away, to the land of the west." To another group of immigrants, America was the last hope. Ireland in the eighteen forties suffered one crop failure after another. Hungry men had to leave. In eighteen fifty alone, more than one hundred seventeen thousand people came to the United States from Ireland. Most had no money and little education. To those men and women, America was a magic name.

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Throughout Europe, when times were hard, people talked of going to America. In some countries, organizations were formed to help people emigrate to the United States. A Polish farmer wrote to such an organization in Warsaw: "I want to go to America. But I have no money. I have nothing but the ten fingers of my hands, a wife, and nine children. I have no work at all, although I am strong and healthy and only forty-five years old. I have been to many towns and cities in Poland, wherever I could go. Nowhere could I earn much money. I wish to work. But what can I do. I will not steal, and I have no work. So, I beg you to accept me for a journey to America." As the years passed, fewer people were moving to America for a better job. Most were coming now for any job at all. Work was hard to find in any of the cities in Europe. A British lawmaker told parliament in eighteen seventy that Englishmen were leaving their country, not because they wanted to, but because they had to. They could not find work at home. He said that even as he spoke, hundreds were dying of hunger in London and other British cities. They were victims of the new revolution in agriculture and industry. Small family farms were disappearing. In their places rose large modern farms that could produce much more. New machines took the place of men.
And millions of farmers had to look for other work. Some found it in the factories. Industry was growing quickly -- but not quickly enough to give jobs to all the farmers out of work. In the next ten years, millions of people made the move from Britain, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries. But then, as industry in those countries grew larger, and more jobs opened, the flood of immigration began to slow. The immigrants now were coming from southern and eastern Europe. Anti-Jewish feeling swept Russia and Poland. Violence against Jews caused many of them to move to America. In the late eighteen eighties, cholera spread through much of southern Italy. Fear of the disease led many families to leave for the United States. Others left when their governments began building up strong armies. Young men who did not want to be soldiers often escaped by moving to America. Big armies were costly, and many people left because they did not want to pay the high taxes. Whatever the reason, people continued to emigrate to the United States. These new immigrants were not like those who came earlier. These new immigrants had no skills. Most were unable to read or write. Factory owners found that these eastern and southern Europeans were hard workers. They did not protest because the work was hard and the pay was low. They did not demand better working conditions. They did not join unions or strike.
Factory owners began to replace higher-paid American and British workers with the new immigrants. Business leaders wanted more of the new workers. They urged the immigrants to write letters to their friends and relatives in the old country. "Tell them to come to America, that there are plenty of jobs." Letters from America brought many more immigrants. The big steamship companies also helped industry to get more of the new workers. They paid thousands of agents throughout Europe to sell tickets for the trip to America. Their efforts meant that steamships bringing grain to Europe could return to America filled with immigrants. They came by the hundreds of thousands. People of all religions, from all across Europe. Many remained in New York and other eastern cities. But many others moved westward. They took jobs in the steel factories of Pennsylvania and the coal mines of West Virginia. They worked in the lumber camps of Michigan and in the stockyards and meat-packing plants of Chicago. Within a few years, foreign-born workers held most of the unskilled jobs in many American industries. American workers began to protest. They demanded an end to the flood of immigration. That will be our story in the next program of THE MAKING OF A NATION.

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重点解析

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1.less than 不到;小于

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The marriage had lasted for less than two years.

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这段婚姻维持了不到两年#WwjaU.;i&bwDFudkn

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2.a great many of 许多;大量

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A great many of animals have been abandoned. Is family adoption a good idea?

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大量的动物被遗弃了,家庭收养是好办法吗?

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3.decide to 决定去做;决定要

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I'll engage for John's behaviour should you decide to employ him.

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如果你决定聘用约翰,我愿为他的行为担保I@3%4x,-yzL

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4.come from 来自;出身

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He's just come from the countryside.

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他刚从乡下来joNDznCwGpI+

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目5n|oL5&t8QxEPr+6_a。在上一期节目中,我们讲述了自由女神像的故事,它是法国送给美国人民的礼物gY!Q3k3IKLBtP。自由女神在纽约港上空高举着明亮的火炬p+rt~UAw8=3z)8s.wJ。数百万来到美国的移民乘船去往埃利斯岛的移民处理中心时,都会经过这尊雕像ef~zip.#!szHSs(30I。在本周的系列节目中,利奥·斯库利和莫里斯·乔伊斯将讲述1800年间美国移民的故事GQyI6nQxn3|3hc@。美国人的生活正在发生改变,而且变化很快u9Pd),MwQ=kT5#cK。1860年以前,美国拥有农业经济L0G)Z-d@]f.4,P。在1860年以后,美国开始从农业经济向工业化经济转变7lL=jes[0NKexW。1860年,美国的商店和工厂生产的商品价值不足200亿美元*o)udPorxgGxjE3RKo。30年后的1890年,美国工厂生产的产品价值达到1000亿美元GHw)yGD,V[VB。到那时,有500多万人在工厂和矿山工作.q9d=xEtN2~*F#E78W。另有300万人就职于建筑业和运输业P0C5Q=3r&Y@KY9T]。产量逐年增加,工业劳动力规模继续扩大8wwVxdI+|3
许多加入工业界的新工人来自美国农场4ZMT(6XE2~&*EOyjX9a!。干农活很辛苦,收入也很低He[=ry(nB(rg。年轻人都尽早离开了家中的农场,到城镇去寻找一种更容易、更好的生活方式26GYKHEwv.2#iY。很多人来到工厂工作tF8]T,&2wUo(JQ51RaG。一个努力工作并学习新技能的年轻人能够很快升迁,获得更好的工作岗位U5]8A]0k0*cDtj。这不仅适用于农民,也适用于从外国来到美国的移民4ig5P]tDA1IASS。他们来自不同的国家,出于很多不同的原因来到美国5t2=BC&KW|x(A!9%%q2)。但所有人都怀着同样的希望来到这个新世界,想要过上更好的生活+iyti|%[P@=,%]AmY1,U。在18世纪50年代,美国的工业革命才刚刚开始&bf-=1k;)g[9Ok。工厂需要技术娴熟的工人,他们知道如何完成所有必要的工作L5ih&dfQ6P_#Q。工厂老板向那些拥有这些技能的工人提供高薪E5XPkSKk_Ia0yiXSKpW。工厂里也有英国工人,许多人在英国的工厂里工作了许多年GJ=Wg1s0%,1o4X+nvE。在英国,赚取的工资很低,而这些技术工人在美国可以挣到更多的钱o3TyA_c0CB&k,vgU。所以,很多人都来到美国g4V13Vp6zjt^X_a~。成千上万的人都来了IhEUq|ccgaHx^aN)。一些工厂,甚至一些行业机构,看起来全是英国人O]H-||dq@]j+R%B(pce
马萨诸塞州瀑布河的制布工厂里,挤满了来自英国兰开夏郡的年轻人prCz))l.Da%9。旧金山造船厂的工人大多来自苏格兰s3,ogp88I1。美国的许多煤矿工人都是来自英国威尔士的煤矿工人tBNSO@-+0wt,mO,~Z@。许多农民来到美国是因为他们可以免费获得土地,可以在美国西部富饶的土地上为建造归自己所有的新农场!a]Zz96HfNH-|.HPNpJ。当时英国最受欢迎的一首歌曲,唱的是关于美国的美好生活,歌名是《走向西部》z|[xiFw.ke(2p~!。这首歌的歌词让许多人决定移居美国(&m4A%;w#E3x%L-jI%。去西部,去西部,西部是片自由之地!q4~KiOMIuuoihKmR。汹涌的密苏里河奔流入海;如果愿意努力,他就能成为一个人k5eZ7LJSF#gqA;。最贫穷的人可以在这片土地上收获到果实DYhWt%kXeI|v0j4ED。年轻人欢腾雀跃,老年人安享天年,遥远的,遥远的,去往西部的土地吧Sidj!^ZL37。”对另一批移民来说,美国是最后的希望1XFY=h8ZC^。爱尔兰在18世纪40年代遭受了多次农作物歉收2!qa2tOEAnXOHFzn7Ct8。饥饿的人们不得不离开7Ng2^o!n0Vp]2z_。仅在1850年,就有超过17万人从爱尔兰来到美国5x^saz)P)cVrG#。大多数人既没钱,也没受过什么教育Mw1OhpvFy8%p0kiEpP。对这些人来说,美国是个神奇的名字RZ~HvPT7;g[!#
在整个欧洲,人们遭遇困难时期时,就会谈论去美国@xE8#1G]^&165。在一些国家,成立了帮助人们移居到美国的组织uU&3AMJ^ij_fz@;。一位波兰农民给华沙的此类组织书写了一封信件:但是我没钱6~QK(ALuswgs。我除了10根手指和妻子,以及9个孩子外,一无所有l(&=U)vmygES0U8。我虽然身体强健,只有45岁,但却没有工作可做Sq;z;Iny0S~F)0;a;%6。我到过波兰的许多城镇,只要是能去的我都去过了UA-9Rz~!a(T@fRhdf。我在哪儿都挣不到多少钱Lodr%3A@dyNi7nT。我想工作,但我能做什么呢wrAd9L2!th。我不偷东西,也没工作LuO8=+knXnYGAc。所以,我求你让我去美国吧Tjxtk#VV|#m。”随着时间的推移,越来越少的人为了得到更好的工作移居美国LQg1iKOpGHK%l(I@pV_.。现在,大多数人都来找工作了,任何工作都可以qse04[7*c6z#mz2&5rtM。在欧洲的任何一座城市,都很难找到工作d(ZWQ6xJ5r)xG.Aw7oJ。一位英国议员在1870年时告诉议会,英国人要离开他们的国家,不是因为他们想要离开,而是因为必须离开XsxdtkhVO%M。他们在国内找不到工作SsEpy_(CkY)~Xqd#OW。他说,就在他讲话的时候,伦敦和其他英国城市中仍有数百人死于饥饿s5sGyNX0iIW1g6FGDyu=。他们是农业和工业新革命的受害者0^y&bMP~oK0t+P@Ht。够生产更多产品的大型现代化农场,新型机器取代了人Z]O~9TmOcU.9s9+!-5t
数百万农民不得不寻找其他工作,有人在工厂工作^Sb-25J#M_Vs#p9]。工业发展迅速,但还不足以给所有失业的农民提供就业机会uGb6FjxNdfIhJ93hk;jo。在接下来的十年里,数百万人从英国、德国和斯堪的纳维亚国家迁居到美国4]zZji6ra5WQg!c。但随后,随着这些国家的工业化规模扩大,就业机会增多,移民潮开始放缓f~Nvo^-x*cR^w|。现在,这些移民来自南欧和东欧z*~f8.kyapb!F。反犹太情绪席卷了俄罗斯和波兰+=0UJE,uzwhL53,2uy)b。对犹太人进行的暴力事件导致他们中的许多人移居美国|b*vlcH4SA;OJRd5。在18世纪80年代末,霍乱蔓延到意大利南部的大部分地区HD4Z68@40cB,o6-z_。对这种疾病的恐惧导致许多家庭前往美国V6*YYnVs*tF_.。其它人则是在政府开始建立强大的军队时,离开了祖国v3@BaKFjX|。那些不想当兵的年轻人常常逃到美国22cB-Dc1q]YO。组建庞大的军队代价高昂,许多人因为不想支付高额的税收而离开美国8C|Nu=Q~,yh9.WrW。不管出于什么原因,人们继续移民到美国JYVVfPesQFjv0&DM#。这些新移民不像那些早来的人,新移民没有技能,大多数人不能读写|YWWWb-%aQ。工厂老板发现,这些东欧人和南欧人都是勤劳的工人&pVK1x~QM0n。他们没有因为工作辛苦,工资又低而抗议tThfc#,i~X=。他们并没有要求改善工作条件,也没有参加工会或举行罢工A7wlg4x4s0OtGu1
工厂主们开始用新移民替换那些收入高的美国和英国工人,商界领袖想要更多的新工人Eng*;y30h2s。他们敦促移民给原有国家的亲朋好友写信ZnAfu*AK[(Oj;iMENNN8。“让他们到美国来,这有很多工作#-(i;;A.qyYO(-,VuJM。”从美国寄出的信件引来了更多的移民,大型轮船公司也帮助工业界获得了更多的新工人d^gvxU,1o7_9。他们花钱请了欧洲各地的数千名代理商去卖前往美国的船票~q,Y~;5eWT。他们的努力意味着,把粮食运往欧洲的轮船可以满载移民返回美国QRZ2grkucA。欧洲各个地方KbYLz^DH^j*#,O!4@D。许多人留在纽约和其他东部城市&0tLaK_v-5^UP;zgx。但是,还有许多人向西迁移T-7+@[]xR-ga。他们在宾夕法尼亚州的钢铁厂、西弗吉尼亚州的煤矿、密歇根州的伐木场和芝加哥的畜牧场及肉类包装厂工作3k1NvKF~FKMffJOw|。几年内,国外出生的工人担任了美国工业中的大部分非技术性工作7]=.U^]8D&nODp)D+k5。美国工人开始抗议,他们要求结束移民潮1J.NZfcuL0jR2f。我们将在下期建国史话中继续讲述这个故事V2I@Eu79(v;roivXj

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • revolutionn. 革命,旋转,转数
  • employ雇用,使用
  • engagev. 答应,预定,使忙碌,雇佣,订婚
  • violencen. 暴力,猛烈,强暴,暴行
  • costlyadj. 昂贵的,代价高的
  • striken. 罢工,打击,殴打 v. 打,撞,罢工,划燃
  • willingadj. 愿意的,心甘情愿的
  • harborn. 海港,避难所 vt. 庇护,心怀,窝藏 vi. 进
  • spreadv. 伸展,展开,传播,散布,铺开,涂撒 n. 伸展,传
  • statuen. 塑像,雕像