VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):印第安战争
日期:2019-10-01 14:29

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. The United States began to expand west during the middle eighteen hundreds. People settled in the great open areas of the Dakotas, Utah, Wyoming, and California. The movement forced the nation to deal with great tribes of Native American Indians. The Indians had lived in the western territories for hundreds of years. Settlers and cattle ranchers pushed the Indians out of their homelands. The result was a series of wars between the tribes and the federal government. This week in our series, Steve Ember and Sarah Long tell about some of these conflicts. At first, the United States government had just one policy to deal with the Indians. It was brutal. Whenever white men wanted Indian land, the tribes were pushed farther west. If the Indians protested, or tried to defend their land, they were destroyed with crushing force.
By the middle eighteen-hundreds, almost all the eastern Indians had been moved west of the Mississippi River. They were given land in Indian territory in what is now the state of Oklahoma. The government described these Indians as "civilized." This meant they were too weak to cause more trouble. Many agreed to follow the ways of the white men. The Indians of the western grasslands were different. They refused to give up their way of life. These plains Indians were always on the move, because they hunted buffalo -- the American bison. They followed great groups of the animals across the grassy plains. At that time, there were millions of these animals in the American west. The Indians of the plains depended on the buffalo for almost everything they needed. Many of them were fierce fighters. The plains Indians did not want white men crossing their hunting lands. They often tried to destroy the wagon trains carrying settlers to California and Oregon. The United States army was given the job of keeping peace. Soldiers were sent to build roads and forts in the western plains. They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks. They tried to keep white settlers from invading Indian lands. There were many fights between the soldiers and the plains Indians. The soldiers had more powerful weapons. They usually won.
Some plains Indians tried to live peacefully with the white men. One such group was part of the Sioux tribe, called Santee Sioux. It was the largest and most powerful group in the west. The Santee Sioux lived along the northeastern edge of the Great Plains in what is now the state of Minnesota. They signed treaties with the government giving up ninety percent of their land. The Santee agreed to live in a small area. In exchange, the United States agreed to make yearly payments to the tribe. This made it possible for the Indians to buy food and other things from white traders. Trouble started, however, in the summer of eighteen sixty-two. The government was late giving the Indians their yearly payment. As a result, the Indians lacked the money to buy food. The white traders refused to give the Indians credit to buy food. One trader said: "If they are hungry, let them eat grass." The Indians were hungry. Soon, their hunger turned to anger. Finally, the local Indian chief called his men together. He gave the orders for war.

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Early the next morning, the tribe attacked the trading stores. Most of the traders were killed, including the man who had insulted the Indians. He was found with his mouth filled with grass. The governor of Minnesota sent a force of state soldiers to stop the Indian revolt. The soldiers had artillery. They killed several hundred Indians in battle. They hanged several others. Soon, the revolt was over. Trouble came next to parts of Colorado and Wyoming. This is where the Sioux Indians and the Cheyenne Indians lived. The chief of the Lakota Sioux tribe was named Red Cloud. The Indians fought bitterly to keep white men out of their hunting grounds. After two years of fighting, with many deaths on both sides, the government decided the struggle was too costly. It asked for peace. The Sioux and the Cheyenne agreed. They were given a large area of land north of Wyoming in the Dakota territory. They also were given the right to use their old hunting lands farther north. The government agreed to close a road used by whites to cross the hunting grounds. And all soldiers were withdrawn from Sioux country.
The war ended and peace came to the Sioux and the Cheyenne. With peace came a new United States policy toward other Indians of the West. The government decided to put aside an area of land for each tribe. The land was called a "reservation." Each tribe would live on its own reservation. Most of the reservations were in Indian territory in what is now the state of Oklahoma. Other reservations were in Dakota near the land of the Sioux. The government believed it would cost less money and fewer lives to keep Indians on reservations. The Indians would be away from possible trouble with white settlers. Instead of moving freely over the plains to hunt buffalo, the Indians would live in one place. They would receive food and money from the government. Officials came from Washington to explain this new policy to the Indians. A big meeting was held. Chiefs representing many tribes attended. The chiefs spoke, one after another, to the government officials.
All of the chiefs said they, too, wished to live in peace with the white men. But many questioned the decision to move to reservations. One who did so was Chief Ten Bears of the Comanche tribe. He said: "There are things which you have said to me that I do not like. You said you wanted to put us on a reservation. You said you would build houses for us. I do not want your houses. I was born on the plains where the wind blows free, and there is nothing to break the light of the sun. I was born where everything breathed a free breath. I want to die there...not within walls." So the government and the Indians reached a compromise. The tribes were given reservations in Indian territory. But they were also given permission to hunt buffalo in a wide area south of the reservations. The Indians agreed to give up all their old lands. They agreed to live in peace on the reservations. In exchange, the United States promised to give the Indians all the food, clothing, and other things they needed. It also promised to give them schools and medical care. The Indians were not happy with this agreement. They did not want to give up their old ways of living. However, they saw they had no choice. The government was too strong.
They waited weeks, then months, for help to move to the new reservations. They could not understand the delay in carrying out the agreement. The delay was in Washington, D.C. Congress could not agree on how much money to spend on the Indians. So the lawmakers refused to approve the agreement. They left the situation unsettled. Again, Indians were forced to watch angrily as white settlers began moving onto lands they had agreed to give up. As the whites moved in, the buffalo and other animals left. The Indians had difficulty finding food. Soldiers shared their food with the Indians. It was not enough. Western officials sent urgent messages to Washington asking for supplies for the Indians. No supplies could be sent until Congress approved the money to buy them. As before, some of the Indians became angry and refused to wait any longer. Their anger led to new fighting. In the end, it was a fight that failed to win back their land. That will be our story in the next program of THE MAKING OF A NATION.

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重点解析

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1.settle in 定居;迁入

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It took me several weeks to settle in my new home.

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我花了好几周时间才在新家里安顿下来T+Dl8)-_w|3S0d-

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2.deal with 处理;对付

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He's a hard man to deal with.

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要跟他这个人做生意很难Gjr(8Xjr,v]

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3.in exchange 作为交换;为了换取

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I let him have my watch, and took his camera in exchange.

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我把我的手表给他,换来了他的照相机L,-l]yG.oB]Ux-

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4.carry out 实行;开展

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I myself will firmly carry out this plan.

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我本人将坚决执行这个计划H8nROG,COVV=U

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目*8S^3-WBAW。美国在18世纪中叶开始向西扩张_NzqH!*P5FjLEWfgxa。人们定居在达科他州、犹他州、怀俄明州和加利福尼亚州的开阔地带E,,d#28GDIiiA&R!uzO。这场运动迫使美国不得不与美洲土著印第安人的大部落打交道Eaj6O|l%tv。印第安人在西部地区生活了几百年(tU2dV0UfR_x9Z6)a。定居者和牧场主把印第安人赶出他们的家园,结果是部落和联邦政府之间发生一系列战争Ea.Ou6jqq4UWYI7。本周,在我们的系列节目中,史蒂夫·恩伯和莎拉·隆讲述了其中一些冲突KkbT-qr*XzM#pX。起初,美国政府只有一项政策来对付印第安人#*oyitRJUUjxz。这项政策非常残忍D)sY13SqtF5#9*9^b]。每当白人想要印第安人的土地,他们就把部落向更远的西部推挤zq]#;AESU]9Cv;^0,。如果印第安人抗议,或者试图保卫自己的土地,他们就会被毁灭性的力量摧毁@ohnt1vh9hs1[@q!Mni
到18世纪中叶,几乎所有东部的印地安人都被移到密西西比河以西的地区=_,5vu2gD.。他们在现在的俄克拉荷马州的印第安人的领土上获得了土地lolJRl=)uc。政府称这些印第安人为“文明人”,其意思是他们太软弱,不会制造更多的麻烦u31U%N,4U-=S。许多人同意效法白人的做法r31HG.M@o*r|0m^Dy4(B。西部草原上的印第安人就不同了,他们拒绝放弃自己的生活方式ImRHprBl1A。这些平原上的印第安人总在移动,因为他们捕猎美洲野牛4AaJAWsYKTUT|Gdv。他们跟着一大群动物穿过长满青草的平原2&NK0l8yNITN,lQz。当时,在美国西部有数百万只这样的动物g)9INSiore%FKu。住在平原上的印第安人几乎要靠水牛来获得他们需要的一切,他们中许多人是凶猛的战士x,7Gjd-&WNAV)8a。平原上的印第安人不希望白人穿越他们的猎场,他们经常试图摧毁运送移民到加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州的货车n1t&N25_tjX(。美国军队被赋予了维护和平的职责,士兵们被派往西部平原修路、建要塞8uh6BXpORcrlM4aUdu。他们试图保护货车免受印第安人的袭击,试图阻止白人定居者入侵印第安人的土地eX%@Z)U99x|_Fr0L@*[x。士兵们和平原上的印第安人多次交战,士兵们拥有更强大的武器,所以通常能获胜4YZP!)p=kn0,9]X
一些住在平原上的印第安人试图与白人和平共处,部分苏族人就是这样的群体,他们叫做桑蒂.苏M^71@.Fa08_|;qA25gQ&。它是西部最大、势力最强大的群体|@qk_ot%2r。苏族人生活在大平原的东北边缘,这里现在是明尼苏达州*xwPx_ZG.SD;,-。他们与政府签订了放弃90%土地的条约4aP[gMSH*L^gv*H@U=eq。苏族人同意居住在一个小地方86[7Yt5Wn4~yS。作为交换,美国同意每年向部落付款Plpc0];pm^*5F#j^c。这使得印第安人有可能从白人商人那里购买食物和其他物品]3xPvCsTF99eZ。然而,麻烦开始于1862年夏天,政府推迟付给印第安人一年的付款A6)J|*)iSWneFG.S*。结果,印第安人没有钱购买食物UlG7X(~j;(xWM*!CxXq。白人商人拒绝给予印第安人购买食物的信用|.,jdE~ddN5(。一个商人说:“如果他们饿了,就让他们吃草吧K=MzV^wKj0c8[OEO-~L。”印第安人很饿Z%8jKkxeol4(gQo]BUCU。很快,他们的饥饿转变成愤怒O!Ujmpe3[8!Vf2mzyA。最后,当地的印第安人首领召集部下,下令开战TEM[a[@LLkmu)569qv
第二天一早,部落袭击了贸易商店slua|Jbi.KTXk。大多数商人被杀,包括侮辱印第安人的那个人paog_[!ccc2。人们发现他时,他嘴里塞满了草iaHNx[(!2^rd。明尼苏达州州长派遣了一支州士兵部队来制止印第安人的叛乱qXY4;]t9gJ。士兵们有大炮,他们在战斗中杀死了几百名印第安人,绞死了另外几个人7rdjDfBVq,。不久,叛乱就结束了X)dF].*54d!@h。科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的部分地区也出现了麻烦,苏族印第安人和夏延族印第安人居住在这里TL*[b(|C3g|hRSIQ;l。拉科塔苏族部落首领被命名为“红云”b~xbNBf!j;.,RL&。印第安人为了不让白人进入他们的狩猎场进行了激烈的战斗WVEfXUc=s%D,@ZE。经过两年的战斗,双方都有很多人死亡,政府认定斗争代价太大,要求和平G_60tk]Mh]L(Cyvfa)v(。苏人和夏安人同意了I#_tn]b3v6JoaSRu。他们在达科他州领地的怀俄明州北部获得了大片土地kMC&A=l&bvVGjm54。他们也有权使用更北部的旧狩猎地yq6JtBP_~~L。政府同意关闭一条白人穿过狩猎场的道路,所有士兵都撤出了苏族bcSXOEdK~.VbVh
战争结束了,苏族和夏延人获得了和平;mycUZik0U[3AQ。随着和平的到来,美国对西部其他印第安人采取了新的政策,政府决定为每个部落留出一块土地(!~GEv2S=!SR_u(n。这块土地被称为“保留地”,每个部落都在自己的保留地上生活bWE&BX7Kx|N(N。大部分保留地都在印第安人的领土内,位于现在的俄克拉荷马州,其他保留地在达科他州苏族土地附近Wu,i)tjIp2h|。政府认为,让印第安人在保留地上生活将花费更少的钱财和人力L^h+;-y#vb[|J*JxA!0^。印第安人将远离白人移民可能带来的麻烦sV0MkzNBwH4hZ;fUv.。印第安人将生活在某个地方,而不是在平原上自由地捕猎野牛H)38XMFetO。他们将从政府那里得到食物和拨款9;ViK=Rex4。来自华盛顿的官员们,向印第安人解释这项新政策AlBxBb#Ahqqky4&+h。他们举行了一次大型会议,许多部落的酋长都出席了会议IioF+H7)ekmi。酋长们依次向政府官员发言WEy0=J+v!kV2SZ(L;5af
所有的首领都表示,他们也想和白人和平相处Q0[W,6|ko_;@q。但许多人对搬到保留地的决定表示质疑X[10Sk^U_K。其中一个是科曼切人的首领比尔斯EHNOW|l^*;%++5h&。他说:“有些事你对我说过,我不喜欢.c0X40&VuR。你说你想让我们到保留地生活,为我们盖房子ni=!ZIwCFRosO9。我不想要你的房子IdCufCHpfLz3。我出生在平原上,那里的风不要钱,没有什么可以阻断阳光#UT7_O*RdkaS_。我出生在万物自由呼吸的地方2GHn6VZA]i,gxJ。我想在那里终结自己的生命,而不是在有墙的屋子里A*yaHE3csUpN%;Fj。”所以,政府和印第安人达成了妥协3!m8C2IukGKS7f9+OiB0。政府把印第安人领土上的保留地分给各个部落NC=_6~[L1)N@。但是,也准许他们在保留区南部的一片广袤的区域狩猎水牛VldjPxZf6&v。印第安人同意放弃他们所有的旧土地,同意在保留地上和平地生活~1wh0R%LNWR。作为交换,美国承诺给印第安人提供需要的所有食物、衣服和其他物品NiuC&cNHx!~3e。同时,还承诺给与他们学校和医疗服务hktNy0N^qWCbo6(。印第安人对这个协议并不满意,他们不想放弃原来的生活方式zBf#+2=HJsopvD&NYfgc。然而,他们别无选择#;QGA!^GQ!=8;。政府的势力太强大了2.UII4**yrU36[ihf3
他们等了几个星期,又等了几个月,才有人帮他们搬到新的保留地&IPOuckc8r0&。他们无法理解协议延误实施的原因9H_RKZE.7f2c6。延误发生在华盛顿特区,国会无法就印第安人的花费一事达成一致ulmJ8^fVgr|s。所以,议员们拒绝批准这项协议,他们使局势悬而未决oClRL#JiupXtv_。印第安人又一次被迫愤怒地看着白人定居者,开始迁移到他们同意放弃的土地上I,Q_k_CsYR5-.1。当白人搬入时,水牛和其他动物都离开了yoZU=qEFI(%lh。印第安人很难找到食物eNYdjQxc9Z[~。士兵们把食物分给印第安人,但这样做并还不够^Z%9e0*)5dtKWhu,zK。西部官员向华盛顿发出紧急信息,要求为印第安人提供补给4opm=Xz4Cp#。在国会批准购买物资之前,任何物资都不能寄出aJ8iYg7Olj,^|。和以前一样,一些印第安人变得愤怒起来,他们拒绝再等下去f-Q~7T5w|.0v。愤怒导致了新的争斗MV*)&x|5bd。这场战斗最终未能夺回他们的土地~yvYjr=zlLf。这将是我们在下一期建国史话节目中要讲述的故事kkZgk)MnBnbr0

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • settledadj. 固定的;稳定的 v. 解决;定居(settle
  • reservationn. 预定,保留意见
  • movementn. 活动,运动,移动,[音]乐章
  • compromisen. 妥协,折衷,折衷案 vt. 妥协处理,危害 vi.
  • exchangen. 交换,兑换,交易所 v. 交换,兑换,交易
  • approvev. 批准,赞成,同意,称许
  • paymentn. 支付,付款,报偿,报应
  • revoltn. 叛乱,反抗,反感 vi. 叛乱,起反感 vt. 使
  • brutaladj. 野蛮的,残暴的
  • cattlen. 牛,家畜,畜牲