VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):新型纳米机器可杀死活体癌细胞
日期:2019-07-29 17:36

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Researchers May Have Found New Weapon Against Disease
Some bacteria have grown so strong that they cannot be killed with antibiotic drugs. Medical experts call them antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The World Health Organization says antibiotic-resistant bacteria are one of the biggest threats to human health. But, researchers now say they may have found a way to fight them.
A team of researchers from three universities is working on a cell-killing "machine" that is too small for the human eye to see.
"We want to be bacteria's worst nightmare."
That was James Tour, a member of the team. Tour is a chemistry professor at Rice University in Houston. He is also a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and computer science.
In addition to Rice University, the researchers come from Durham University in Britain and North Carolina State University.
The team is experimenting with very small nanomachines that can drill into a cell and kill it. These "machines" are really single molecules that can rotate about three million times a second when near-infrared light shines on them.
Tour said harmful bacteria cannot defeat this kind of weapon by changing and growing stronger.
"We may have found something that the cell could never build a resistance to."
The team's work is based on the Nobel-prize winning designs of other scientists. In 2016, three researchers received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for creating the first nanomachines.
But the team's cell-killing nanomachines are much smaller. About 50,000 of them can fit across the width of a human hair. In comparison, only about 50 cells can fit in that amount of space.
The nanomachines could also be effective against another serious health problem: cancer.
Cancer killer
The machines can drill into cancer cells, causing the cells' center to break into pieces.
Tour said the team has tried four different kinds of cancer cells, and the nanomachines killed all of them.
The team carried out the tests on two kinds of human breast cancer cells, cancerous skin cells and pancreatic cancer cells.
The way it works is that a peptide, another kind of molecule, is added to the nano-drill. That peptide recognizes a diseased cell and attaches the nanomachine to it. Then, a special light activates the machine which drills into and kills the cell.
Tour said many nanomachines work together against the diseased cells.
"Generally, it's not just one nanomachine, it's, it's 50, and each cell is going to get 50 holes drilled in it."
The nanomachines can fight cancer cells in the mouth, upper and lower gastrointestinal areas, bladder and other body parts where light can be shined to start the engines, Tour said.
It would only take a few minutes to kill cancer cells with nanomachines, Tour added. He noted that radiation and chemotherapy take much longer.
In addition to killing bacteria and cancer cells, nanomachines might be used to kill fat cells when placed onto the skin with a gel. Tour said, when you pass the bright light over the problem areas, the machines attack the fat cells.
Test on animals to begin this year
Researchers have only worked with nanomachines in the laboratory. They say using this technology in studies on humans is still some time away. Later this year, researchers will start testing nanomachines on bacterial skin infections on live animals.
As research continues, one problem scientists will have to solve is how to get the light deep into some parts of the body. This would permit the engines to fight bacteria or cancers far below the surface of tissue.
I'm Alice Bryant.

重点解析

1.skin infections 皮肤感染

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They used it to treat a host of illnesses, such as fevers, dysentery, diarrhea and skin infections.
他们用巧克力来治疗许多疾病,如发烧、痢疾、腹泻及皮肤感染等X3rS]ku5R3EyV4

2.fat cells 脂肪细胞

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Adipose tissue aggregate of fat cells.
脂肪组织有大量的脂肪细胞聚集而成,(j)P6h9K@%&V2O|X]

3.drill into 钻入

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You may feel a little discomfort as I drill into the tooth.
我钻牙的时候,你可能感到有点不适MXp2V,tzU^baSnYVTp

4.cancer cells 癌细胞

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An increasing body of evidence suggests that all of us have cancer cells in our bodies at times during our lives.
越来越多的证据表明,我们所有人一生中体内时有癌细胞存在alu];(l.=tZ=[i|k6Xr

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5.In comparison, only about 50 cells can fit in that amount of space.

in comparison with 相比之下

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They were living rather well, in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.
和世界上其他地方的人相比,他们生活得相当好7yYS4OYtC_N|JD
Is the human heart weak in comparison with the other organs?
与其他器官相比,人的心脏是不是很脆弱?

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6.A team of researchers from three universities is working on a cell-killing "machine" that is too small for the human eye to see.

A team of 一组;一队

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He has assembled a team of experts to handle queries.
他召集了一班专家来答疑解惑|bmy-c@NY)J
A team of four was sent to scout for a nuclear test site.
一个4人小分队被派出寻找核试验地4O1Qvs&.2[PGu[#dX

参考译文

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新型纳米机器可杀死活体癌细胞
有些细菌已经繁殖得非常顽强,无法用抗生素杀死C(([N&7#]MU*T&6#v。医学专家称其为“抗生素耐药细菌”E2&9=O11+WpmIOh-
世卫组织表示,抗生素耐药细菌是人类健康最大的威胁之一hb*UoObWkC。不过,研究人员称可能找到了对策XR.8wmagkc
来自三所大学的研究人员正在开发一种细胞杀灭机器,肉眼无法看到这一机器WW0j(*r,~xD.z
“我们想要成为细菌的噩梦1e(m|MMBal。”
该研究团队成员詹姆斯·图尔说道qUf0Xnyp,Q9。图尔是休斯顿莱斯大学的化学教授6Xs+EE3jJd5DujD。他还是材料学、纳米工程和计算机科学教授X7)@2nopjVCPDm
除了莱斯大学,还有来自英国杜伦大学和北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员IUNbdpB]IF-5
该团队正在试验一种微型纳米机器,它可以钻入细胞并消灭它H~t42l#E!BC_S3)SFw#%。这些“机器”实质上是单分子,当近红外光照射到它们时,它们每秒可旋转300万次UBvw;2pqvim%

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新型纳米机器可杀死活体癌细胞.jpg
图尔表示,有害细菌无法通过变异和强化来抵御这一杀伤力j~[roUw1IU+!rI)@
他说:“我们可能已经找到了一些细胞无法产生抗体的东西_jLWQ&4PcyD+W@n[。”
该团队的研究是基于其他科学家获得诺贝尔奖的设计))+1ic08-u*L+Qz。2016年,3名研究人员因发明了第一批纳米机器获得诺贝尔化学奖n^Mci8Vqn8
但是该团队的细胞杀灭纳米机器要小得多QLS[VKtDjcFLgUaRiK。大约5万个纳米机器相当于一根头发的直径,而50个细胞能占据这么大的空间R0;^4nW|3Yv.OM*5
这种纳米机器还能有效对抗另一项严重的健康问题——癌症TMd6rL09~foq7fIH
癌症杀手
该机器可以钻入癌细胞,然后导致细胞中心分裂成碎片==pK.(e.j]Xj~e7lO
图尔表示,该团队已经尝试了4种不同类型的癌细胞,纳米机器杀死了全部癌细胞7wzwPfD1T-~18*)x
该团队对两种人类乳腺癌细胞,以及皮肤癌细胞和胰腺癌细胞进行了测试SjyBoxuIA40q;p%dUgg[
该机器的工作原理是将另一种分子肽附在到这种纳米“钻头”上Oq^U~Z0IAtSAgW1。这种肽能识别出患病细胞,并将纳米机器附在上面C-#h-y,,w=nP)!wH。然后用一台特殊的灯激活这种机器,它会钻入并杀死患病细胞ecze2glx)Q)cdXp4,
图尔表示,很多纳米机器联合起来对付患病细胞Uh.HaO1R@,ZzH(z
他说:“一般来说,纳米机器只止一个,而是50个,每个细胞都会被钻50个洞xKzWdG]h0[Po~。”
图尔表示,这种纳米机器可以对抗口腔、上下胃肠道区域、膀胱以及其它身体部位的癌细胞&7gdeh+Z]![Mh8Ll)o。这些部位被光线照到后会启动纳米机器.2@5Ko3CWv
图尔补充说,纳米机器杀死癌细胞只需要几分钟~qW1hRX8DNAB。他提到,放疗和化疗的时间更久pOht8cq!5isyw(1yG8
除了杀死细菌和癌细胞,当用凝胶将纳米机器置于皮肤上时,它还可以杀死脂肪细胞&zXfs3Z|O3uYNj&zg。图尔表示,当灯光照到问题区域时,纳米机器会攻击脂肪细胞*]x__9w&kvJU&Tb%
今年启动动物试验
研究人员只在实验室中应用过纳米机器@wg&y#]q.C5ce0,C%@fp。他们指出,人类研究应用这一机器还需要一段时间Z@6OTb60GjjinM_*。今年晚些时候,研究人员将开始在活体动物的细菌性皮肤感染试验这种纳米机器9%(~=iQ~Mud
随着研究的继续,科学家们必须解决的一个问题是如何让这种光线深入到身体的某个部位,这样就能启动机器对付远在组织表面以下的细菌或癌症09==d#FVrVHzHFkadtww
爱丽丝·布莱恩特为您播报pi,Pe#zV)o,xrr7-

译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • additionn. 增加,附加物,加法
  • permitn. 许可证,执照 v. 允许,许可
  • handlen. 柄,把手 v. 买卖,处理,操作,驾驭
  • discomfortn. 不便之处,不适 vt. 使不适
  • minutesn. 会议记录,(复数)分钟
  • evidencen. 根据,证据 v. 证实,证明
  • drilln. 钻孔机,钻子,反复操练,播种机 v. 钻孔,(军事
  • effectiveadj. 有效的,有影响的
  • comparisonn. 比较
  • radiationn. 辐射,放射线