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Study: Extra Vitamins Do Not Prevent Heart Disease, Stroke
A new study says that few nutritional supplements can protect people from developing or dying from heart disease.
Researchers wanted to find out if 16 different nutritional supplements and eight special diets had an effect on the risk of heart problems and strokes.
For the answer, the researchers examined results from 277 studies, which involved nearly one million people. Their findings were reported in the medical publication Annals of Internal Medicine.
The United States Department of Agriculture has identified two diets, what it calls eating patterns, as examples of healthy ways to eat. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 identifies one as the Mediterranean-style diet. It is rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish and healthy fats. Studies have linked this kind of diet to improved heart and brain health.
A vegetarian diet, one that does not include meat, has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease.
The researchers say there is little evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplements. Yet about half of U.S. adults take at least one supplement to improve their health.

Some dietary measures did help
The researchers did find evidence that reduced use of salt was linked to a lower risk of dying from all causes among people with normal blood pressure.
Some supplements also appeared to have a good effect on human health. Omega-3 fatty acids appeared to lower the risk of heart attack and heart disease in adults.
Also, folic acid, a B vitamin, appeared to lower the risk of strokes: blockages of blood flow that can damage the brain or cause death.
However, the study suggested that combining calcium and vitamin D might increase the risk of stroke.
For other common supplements, there seemed to be no major effect on risk of death or cardiovascular health, the researchers said. Those supplements include selenium, vitamin A, B6, C, E and vitamin D alone.
Calcium alone, folic acid and iron did not appear to help heart health either. Neither did eating patterns like the Mediterranean diet. The research suggested that reduced saturated fat, reduced dietary fat or the use of fish oil supplements also did not help the heart.
The large study had a lot of information on many individuals. It used a method of randomly having patients take supplements while other people did not. This method is generally considered effective. But the researchers admit there were limits to their study.
One was that different doses or amounts of supplements were not compared over different time periods.
However, the researchers said there was enough evidence to suggest that people should not start taking supplements if they want to prevent heart problems.
Eric Topol is an official with Scripps Research in La Jolla, California. He told the Reuters news agency that he agreed with the findings.
"There are no convincing data that any vitamin or supplement reduces heart attacks," he said.
Topol was not involved in the study.
The lead author of the report was Safi Khan of the University School of Medicine in Morgantown, West Virginia. He wrote that people should get their nutrition from a wide group of foods.
"People should focus on healthy diet from nutritional food sources, not vitamins or supplements, in combination with healthy lifestyle which includes regular physical activity and not smoking," he wrote.
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重点解析

重点讲解：
1. find out (尤指特意通过努力)发现，找出，查明；
I need to find out who tried to frame me.
我得找出是谁企图诬陷我LI;fbOg1IRc。
2. be rich in 富含…的；含有大量…的；
Fats and sugar are very rich in energy but poor in vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre.
脂肪和糖类热量很高，但维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维贫乏lE&iW0yk6GM5h!VJd8。
3. at least （数量）至少，不少于；
He has killed many in his time, and is wanted in at least three countries.
他那个时候杀了很多人，现在至少有3个国家在通缉他HCOa)%*S~xoB(MB。
4. agree with 同意；赞成；意见一致；
I agree with her analysis of the situation.
我赞成她对形势的分析!Wvwnnim0e7iA%a。

参考译文

研究表明补充维生素无法预防心脏病和中风
一项新研究表明，能避免人们患上心脏病发或死于心脏病的营养保健品很少.n~y5pOu3&2E|r.&WSo。
研究人员想知道，16种营养保健品和8种特别饮食是否会对心脏病和中风的风险产生影响khyGyOn7cEF%6G#SHEO。
为了寻找答案，研究人员查看了227项研究的成果，这些研究涵盖近100万人vrwX=5Vz(zFmtu(p。他们的研究结果发表在医学刊物《内科医学年鉴》上;rYI_x2~zgV1。
美国农业部确定，两种饮食，也就是他们称为的饮食习惯，可作为健康饮食方式的范例R2#mUPOMplxTp[@。《2015-2020年美国居民膳食指南》确定其中一种是地中海式饮食AenA#Vu3b#E57x8。这种饮食富含水果、蔬菜、豆类、全谷类、鱼类和健康脂肪Y1RY^WU6Y)|^Q0MZkd。研究认为，这种饮食有助于改善心脏和脑部健康6+Enag|5hhWo;1sY。
不包括肉类的素食则有助于降低心脏病风险sH@*2sG8ayYvE[UNN。
研究人员表示，几乎没有证据支持服用营养保健品)Xg*SG4J50ZwjQFRy。但是，近半数美国成年人至少服用一种保健品来改善健康vpFC2i05IzzOw^NQ|。
一些饮食措施的确有帮助
研究人员确实发现，减少盐的摄入量可以降低血压正常人群的各种死亡风险-tS]TBz4ZgeU3。
一些营养保健品似乎也有利于人类健康g[~Yj4ER=CcCEL。Omega-3脂肪酸似乎可以降低成年人心脏病发作和心脏疾病的风险.x*_[^ZyJSVmK[l|v.Y。
另外，维生素B族中的叶酸好像也可以降低中风的风险，中风指会损害大脑或导致死亡的血流阻塞BuvKuudHn@L=cQo。
然而，研究表明，同时服用钙和维生素D可能增加中风风险6_dxhgpiY^。
研究人员表示，其他常见保健品看起来对死亡风险或心血管健康没有太大影响y8z9v|Q#_U。这些保健品包括硒、维生素A、维生素B6、维生素C以及单独补充维生素DkV;@H3@-e9O1eUJ,t。
单独补充钙、叶酸和铁似乎也对心脏健康没有帮助I(!MquUyu-[5s]。地中海式饮食也没用ehTbj&VDx5^_h;7(9HDb。研究人员表明，减少饱和脂肪、减少饮食脂肪或食用鱼油保健品也对心脏没有助力e#!7N#jvub5]Dmb。
这项大规模研究涵盖许多个体的大量信息GGYKTYD(aYr)8)+d。该研究采用了随机方法，让一些患者服用保健品，其他患者则不服用(chqAGh8Y(。这种方法通常被认为是有效的47q-t92TI~6。但是研究人员承认，他们的研究存在局限性,r(!s^_wD)d7.W。
其中一个局限是，没有对不同时期服用不同数量的保健品进行比较!7dhZ+kFcbs_dG。
但是，研究人员表示，有足够证据证明，如果人们想预防心脏病，那他们就不应该开始服用保健品*A~z5kj&+,GoRt)a。
埃里克·托普尔是加州拉荷亚市斯科瑞普斯研究所的官员eh5B!-KG|+nI+jL5。他对路透社表示，他认同研究结果.Y3cC3^NqZ30;)#CS。
他说，“没有可信数据能证明维生素或保健品可以减少心脏病发作G#UFi,6aKi0。”
托普尔没有参与这项研究-AB9CXGeG*w.g^0Z&。
这项报告的首席作者是西弗吉尼亚摩根敦大学医学院的萨菲·汗(D^!IeJ~fhe~tR!k。他写道，人们应该从广泛的食物中获取营养JKQRZ]hF,Pv)。
他写道，“人们应该注重来自营养食物来源的健康饮食，而不是维生素或保健品，同时还要结合健康的生活方式，比如定期锻炼和不抽烟EsF5q7TtxYi6。”
小马里奥·里特报道O-U]sVl4|=&。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！