VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):杨百翰带领摩门教徒定居新所
日期:2019-06-04 13:48

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

Welcome to the MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. In the eighteen twenties, in the state of New York, a man named Joseph Smith started the Mormon religion. Smith based it on what he said were God's words to the ancient people of America. Many people became members of the new church. Others, however, laughed at some of the beliefs of the Mormons. This led to trouble. Smith had to move his people many times. For a while, they settled in the state of Illinois, in a town they built and called Nauvoo. The church split when Joseph Smith said that Mormons could have more than one wife. The split led to violence and public opposition to the Mormons. Smith was arrested and put in jail. A mob attacked the jail and killed Smith and his brother. The governor of Illinois ordered the Mormons to leave the state. This week on our series, Sarah Long and Richard Rael discuss relations between the Mormons and the federal government.
Brigham Young became the new leader of the Mormons. He told his people that he had seen their new home in a dream. He said it was a wide, beautiful valley in the West. He said he would recognize it when he saw it. The Mormons left Illinois in the spring of eighteen forty-six. There were more than fifteen thousand people, and many wagons and farm animals. The trip west was hard. Many of the people died. After months of slow travel, they stopped to make their winter camp. Explorers visited the camp. They told Brigham Young about a great salt lake in a wide valley on the western side of the Rocky Mountains. From the way they described it, young believed it was the valley of his dream. He started to move his people toward the Great Salt Lake as soon as the winter snows melted. They arrived in the summer of eighteen forty-seven. Brigham Young looked out over the valley. "This," he said, "is the right place." The Mormons wasted no time. Two hours after arriving, they began to prepare the ground for planting. The lake water was too salty to use. So they built a system of canals to bring water down from the mountains.
The first few years were difficult. Cold weather and insects destroyed their crops. Yet the Mormons continued to work hard to make their settlement a success. They refused to think of leaving. At first, the Mormons were ruled only by the laws of their church and by their leader. Then gold was discovered in California. Many non-Mormons passed through the Salt Lake area on their way to the gold fields. Some of them stayed. It soon became clear that new laws were needed to govern the growing population. The Mormons asked Congress to approve a territorial government for their land. They called the land Deseret. That was a Mormon word meaning honeybee. The Mormons claimed a large area. It stretched from the mountains of Colorado west to the mountains of California; from Arizona north to Oregon. Congress rejected the large claim of Deseret and made it a much smaller territory. It also refused to accept the name Deseret. Instead, Congress called it Utah, after the Ute tribe of Native American Indians that lived there. As a compromise, Brigham Young was named governor of the new Utah territory. Most of the new territorial officials were Mormons, too. Four were not Mormon.
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Governing the territory would not be easy. There were disputes during the administrations of several American presidents. As a result of one dispute, the four non-Mormon officials returned to Washington. The Mormons then formed their own territorial government with a legislature and courts. Other federal officials were sent to Utah. Some of them were not prepared for the job. Usually, they did not stay long. Some of the officials made many charges against Brigham Young and other Mormon leaders. They said Mormons refused to recognize the power of the federal government. They said Mormons put the words of Young above the laws of Congress. They said the church had a secret organization to take the lives and property of those who questioned the power of the church. There were charges that Mormons had burned the papers of the Supreme Court of the territory. And there were charges that Mormons were responsible for Indian attacks on some officials. President Franklin Pierce decided he should make someone else governor of Utah. The man he chose, however, did not want the job. Instead, he urged the president to let Brigham Young remain. President Pierce agreed.
Relations between the Mormons and the government did not improve in the next three years. Territorial officials resigned. They charged that the Mormons were in open rebellion against the federal government. The next president, James Buchanan, dismissed Brigham Young as governor. He ordered more than one thousand soldiers to go to Utah to put down the rebellion. He also sent a new governor, Alfred Cumming, with the soldiers. The Mormons prepared to fight. A small group of Mormon men attacked and destroyed the army's supply wagons. They forced the soldiers to stop for the winter before reaching the Salt Lake Valley. The soldiers could do nothing until spring. In Washington, efforts were made to settle the dispute. A man named Thomas Kane asked President Buchanan to let him go to Utah. Kane was an old friend of the president. He also was a friend of the Mormons. He had spent much time with them during their long trip to Utah ten years earlier. Kane feared what might happen to his Mormon friends if fighting started. He told President Buchanan that he did not want a job or money. He only wanted a chance to be useful. The president agreed to let him try to settle the dispute.
Thomas Kane arrived in Salt Lake City, the territorial capital, early in eighteen fifty-eight. He found that the Mormons had decided not to fight. Instead, they were preparing to search for a new home. They talked of moving to Mexico or perhaps to an island in the South Pacific. Kane talked with Brigham Young. Then he went to the army camp to talk with Governor Cumming. The governor agreed to go to Salt Lake City with Kane. The two men went alone, without any soldiers. The Mormons welcomed Cumming, but continued their preparations to leave. Cumming called a public meeting. He said he was in Utah to represent the federal government. He said he was there to make sure the people of the territory obeyed the constitution and the laws of the United States. He said he would not use military force until every other way had failed. Above all, said Cumming, he would not interfere with the Mormon religion. He urged the Mormons not to leave the land they had worked so hard to build. Brigham Young agreed to stay.
Governor Cumming returned to the army camp. He told the commander that the Mormons had accepted him. He said military force would not be needed. A few days later, two representatives of President Buchanan arrived. They brought news that the president would not act against Mormons who accepted the rule of the United States government. Brigham Young and the other Mormon leaders made a statement. They said they wished to live in peace under the Constitution and the laws of the United States. The dispute was over. Brigham Young continued to lead the Mormon church. But the governor ruled the territorial government. The two jobs were separate and would remain that way. Congressional elections were held in the United States in eighteen fifty-eight. One political race created national interest. It was for one of the two Senate seats representing the state of Illinois. The candidate of the Democratic Party was Stephen Douglas. He was running for re-election. His opponent was a lawyer and member of the Republican Party. His name was Abraham Lincoln. That will be our story next time.

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重点解析

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1.laugh at 呼吁;要求

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He's just started learning. don't laugh at him.

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他刚学,别笑他Rte%@R8_yp80G9BYyF

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2.refuse to 拒绝;不肯

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You were quite within your rights to refuse to co-operate with him

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你完全有权拒绝跟他合作t!v7v3@Oi=l1MPexx

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3.as a result 因此;结果是

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As a result of this conflict he lost both his home and his means of livelihood.

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这场冲突使他同时失去了住所和生计来源Eql%xvqG&6-sZo0bvFd

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4.put down 镇压;平定

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Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.

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军队出动镇压叛乱0w9uwV.L9xy

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目XTxb5YR]%MjJ]tUm。十九世纪二十年代,纽约州有一名叫约瑟夫·史密斯的人开创了摩门教,其理念基于史密斯所说的上帝传达给美国古人的箴言(z,kIsQjsis~Q=DptPt。许多人成为这种新教教会的成员nl])EB~*b4W。然而,其他人却嘲笑摩门教徒的一些信仰,这就产生了问题CUk24[lw0OcZJQ6+mz1J。史密斯不得不带领信徒迁移数次,有一段时间,他们在伊利诺伊州定居,他们在那建造了一座小镇,并称之为纳府_zetg3FjZFWzZXDQ.。当约瑟夫·史密斯说摩门教徒可以拥有一个以上的妻子时,教会分裂了ZN3FdSK7-.8ET.+(t0]。这一分裂导致了暴力事件,以及公众对摩门教徒的反对tRt670#KZ#zEwB.JaKQ。史密斯被捕入狱KXJkXD97N1。一个暴徒袭击了监狱,杀死了史密斯和他的教友|Rp3Yy&oePYS2fSLqjiv。伊利诺伊州州长命令摩门教徒离开该州==4Tzc~3cV.%22JA**。在本周的系列节目中,莎拉·朗和理查德·雷尔将讨论摩门教徒和联邦政府之间的关系DLnE!=79foE,kA2+
杨百翰成为摩门教徒的新领袖eT_rv]bx+V*!IBkaYZ_。他告诉教徒,他在梦中看到了他们的新家^1)aF(u=[n%5;WvtO。他说那是西部一个宽阔、美丽的山谷,说自己一看到它就能认出来~IiNp!6K_#p%Eb^。摩门教徒在1846年春天离开伊利诺伊州,有一万五千多名教徒,还有许多马车和牲畜lqiPl9+7c[#Ikx。向西部行进是非常艰难的,许多人死在了途中1=oOl6T^;D。经过几个月的缓慢旅程,他们停下来扎营过冬@;mNrI-KdgS。探险者们造访了营地,他们向杨百翰讲述了落基山脉西侧一个宽阔的山谷中有一个大盐湖m^;6thDziy。从他们描述的方式来看,杨百翰认为这是他在梦中见到的山谷&T@GE~.QI;_cpA7)O。冬雪一融化,他就开始带领教徒向大盐湖迁移IVKtTPX[9d0H[。他们于1847年夏天到达hTCWzCs,zkaZVhPpEd15。杨百翰向山谷那边望去,他说:“这个地方很合适TUlK#yUqpQI,9ky。”摩门教徒抓紧时间,到达后两个小时,他们就开始为种植庄稼做准备Mw1&G~IXv*iJ(n8I。湖水太咸,不能用来浇水s0!!%97AQ6J[DaC)apw]。所以,他们建造了一个灌溉渠,把水从山上引下来amWt&KQ+0Omjw44EaEb
前几年很艰难,寒冷的天气和昆虫毁坏了他们种植的庄稼42TdEJo%=fS7。然而,摩门教徒继续努力劳作,成功定居下来,他们从未考虑过离开uzo=7i6VEo8IsLS。起初,摩门教徒只受教会法律和领袖的管理W()YH4i7r33HV0.6Io1。后来,在加利福尼亚发现了黄金H6q2uxJX.iJV7zAN。许多非摩门教徒在前往金矿的途中穿过盐湖区TU%WWrx&rCuPD.c。其中一些人留了下来,需要出台新的法律来管理不断增长的人口,这一问题很快就彰显出来pe-XYRW|hy3Q(P0H。摩门教徒要求国会批准他们建立区域政府+j4lQ)M0jiNjv。他们称这片土地为德塞雷特,德塞雷特是摩门教的一个词,意思是蜜蜂JJ7mnY,k=wm。摩门教徒占据了很大一片土地,从科罗拉多州的山脉向西延伸到加利福尼亚州的山脉;从亚利桑那州向北延伸到俄勒冈州l_W@iQ3l]SaE@uWv。国会驳回了德塞雷特提出的要求获得一大片土地的请求,并缩小了其占据的土地8IdRPA=tzfp&C_8u。此外,国会也拒绝接受德塞雷特这个名字[Nl_(cL.QtutZ,Ao。相反,国会以居住在那里的美洲印第安人的犹他部落为名,将其命名为犹他8+M4n3iN(UF。作为一种让步,杨百翰被任命为新犹他州的州长6a&SvYHIqGfU[IA).Y28。大多数新的领土官员也是摩门教徒,其中有四人不信仰摩门教Oa|QtJE46A9gn!M2o
管理这片领土并非易事,几位美国总统在执政期间都发生过争执s%q3V)CL)hM。有一次争执过后,四名非摩门教官员返回华盛顿)g8^&AvrEB!NR5uk7Svz。随后,摩门教徒成立了自己的区域政府,并设立了立法机关和法院WBfL-!Abtx1KF&x。其他联邦官员被派往犹他州,他们中的一些人并未准备好接受这份工作,他们通常不会在那里待太久iYBTG5rLzLS9|8MSJ@kD。一些官员对杨百翰和其他摩门教领导人提出了许多指控,他们说摩门教徒拒绝承认联邦政府的权力,把杨百翰的话语凌驾于国会法律之上VO_9PDOC[LUP3tc8。教会有一个秘密组织,把质疑教会权力的人杀死,并夺走其财产XGmvOiDh]3.bFI&aB。有人指控摩门教徒烧毁了该地区最高法院的文件,还有人控诉摩门教徒要为印第安人对一些官员的袭击负责~-Ki^b_AdmMk;q!jWwCf。总统富兰克林·皮尔斯决定让其他人担任犹他州州长thMFXar*LnOG*&r,。然而,他选定的那个人并不想做这份工作@c3uw1VdjxJWMd6%ZL。相反,他敦促总统恢复杨百翰的职务[+vCg.,5&p3M9eO。总统皮尔斯同意了LOeZ(LpKdCQ,ihF
摩门教徒和政府之间的关系在未来三年都未得到改善a]Kr]JvY)xq。区域官员辞职,他们指控摩门教徒公开反抗联邦政府M=AeKO-ygj.uWPs-*(4,。下一任总统詹姆斯·布坎南罢免了杨百翰解的州长职务OpRdUv39V.VQA)g6#P。他命令一千多名士兵去犹他州镇压叛乱,还派遣了一名新州长阿尔弗雷德·卡明,和士兵们一同前往犹他州4PPZl;U9^X7L。摩门教徒准备迎战wiE7OHepH[|;~。一小群摩门教徒袭击并摧毁了军队的补给马车,他们迫使士兵们在到达盐湖谷前停下来过冬3J#nNy_tT[4。士兵们只好等到春天才能行动W~(n9kGNraaGARwxPc。在华盛顿,人们正在努力解决这一争端RWt=p!(SBZWjBD8Z。一位名叫托马斯·凯恩的人要求总统布坎南派他前往犹他州smfTxqf*,LkNY^lA。凯恩是总统的老朋友,他也是摩门教徒的朋友g~|6zy%bRlO。十年前,他和摩门教徒在去往犹他州的长途旅行中共度过很多时间2g8nv!UV|ITI@nnOIX。凯恩担心,如果战争开始,他的摩门教朋友可能会遭遇什么情况ZDZ^+dP5^]TK_)Rgky。他告诉总统布坎南,他不想要职位或金钱,只想要一个能发挥用武之地的机会|vzQ-h+h^C=Oizu4sIS。总统同意让他去设法解决争端tK6+D=LTf1Kcw.
1858年初,托马斯·凯恩抵达该地区的首府盐湖城qhWH4eDSx_4AkL0R=T。他发现摩门教徒决定不进行战斗,而是准备寻找一个新家(dRA**Ax1&x#cPFUT。他们谈论要搬到墨西哥或者南太平洋的一个岛屿上去dr87uIq|R;]rU~Erg。凯恩与杨百翰交谈fQZfDd,Q@EqBe。随后,他前往军营和州长卡明谈话#mKe%]aB(3#I@n[。州长同意和凯恩一起去盐湖城,两人独自前往,没有带任何士兵P7Pul9HkYpY6!+KKgbY1。摩门教徒欢迎卡明,但仍在为离开做准备)C]]lzTIqS。卡明召开了一次公开会议wnISw7_bwQg。他说,他在犹他州代表联邦政府,他在那是为了确保该地区的人民遵守美国宪法和法律K!Y~_D!=sj&。除非其他办法都失败了,否则他不会动用武力Fm+5NLi.)~Rm。卡明说,最重要的是,他不会干涉摩门教JxjgOw!vbHoOpk|I8g4。他力劝摩门教徒不要离开他们辛勤建造的土地a8|Vq|L8N*+dld。杨百翰同意留下来)JblVTKp,^mH_C
州长卡明返回军营mMTjo.f[7#Y1;.dr。他告诉指挥官,摩门教徒已经接受了他的建议,不需要动用军事力量XDbydVXcG.TzCkV6--u。几天后,总统布坎南的两名代表抵达犹他州ak1+.1[,di(]V.p)U42h。他们带来消息说,总统不会对接受美国政府管理的摩门教徒采取行动UQG=sL)m|#。杨百翰和其他摩门教领导人发表声明,他们说,希望遵守美国宪法和法律和平共处h#qg#hf;z4)b3f。争执结束了,杨百翰继续领导摩门教Xi3-mXL@S+。但是,由州长管理区域政府IgrrNIb+Y=a+_K。这两个职位相分离,并将继续保持这样的状况!W.;XWfZQCChlbbQTr;2。国会选举于1858年在美国举行,其中一项政治竞选吸引了国民的关注Fd*k9,d1Ja@l0~.^=YCy。这是代表伊利诺伊州的两个参议院席位中的一个UUs^q3do58#h。民主党候选人是史蒂芬·道格拉斯,他正在进行连任竞选5p-iqEs0ZC)Zo^D!kVB-。他的对手是一名律师,也是一名共和党成员,名叫亚伯拉罕·林肯nk7AIaIssE。这是我们下期要讲述的故事SyP._,9SA,xY%]

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • candidaten. 候选人,求职者
  • commandern. 司令官,指挥官
  • approvev. 批准,赞成,同意,称许
  • statementn. 声明,陈述
  • conflictn. 冲突,矛盾,斗争,战斗 vi. 冲突,争执,抵触
  • splitn. 劈开,裂片,裂口 adj. 分散的 v. 分离,分
  • piercen. 皮尔斯 v. 刺穿,穿透,洞悉
  • compromisen. 妥协,折衷,折衷案 vt. 妥协处理,危害 vi.
  • rebellionn. 谋反,叛乱,反抗
  • saltyadj. 咸的