(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
The opposition Federalist Party had almost disappeared by the time of the election in eighteen sixteen. The party did not even meet to choose a presidential candidate. But three states -- Connecticut, Delaware and Massachusetts -- promised to vote for a Federalist, Rufus King. Now, this week in our series, Tony Riggs and Larry West continue the story. James Monroe easily won the election. He would serve two terms. Monroe was sworn-in as president in February eighteen-seventeen. A few months later, he began a long trip to thirteen states. Everywhere he stopped, the people welcomed him warmly. Even in New England the crowds were large. The president returned to Washington after three and a half months. He was tired. But he was pleased with the way the people of the United States had accepted him. Not everyone was happy that Monroe had been elected. After all, he was the fourth American president from Virginia. The situation caused hard feelings among political leaders in other states, especially the states of New England. Monroe tried to improve this situation. He wanted to give the top four jobs in his cabinet to men from each of the nation's four major areas: the Northeast, the South, the West and the Middle Atlantic coast. This would help improve unity.
And it would help the president get expert knowledge about each of those parts of the country. Monroe was not able to do what he wanted. He got cabinet ministers from only three of the four areas. The West was not represented. The top cabinet job -- secretary of state -- went to John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts. Adams was the son of former president John Adams. John Quincy Adams had been a Federalist, like his father. But he became a Republican during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. Adams had served his country in many ways. He had served as minister to Russia. And he had been the chief negotiator at the peace talks with Britain following the War of Eighteen Twelve. President Monroe asked Henry Clay of Kentucky to be secretary of war. But Clay refused. The president could find no other westerner who would take the job as chief of the War Department. So he gave it to John C. Calhoun, a congressman from South Carolina. William Crawford of Georgia, another Southerner, continued as treasury secretary. And William Wirt of Virginia became head of the Justice Department. One of the first problems facing President Monroe was east Florida. It was the territory which is now the state of Florida in the southeastern United States. At that time, the territory belonged to Spain.
But Spain controlled only a few towns in the area. The rest was controlled by criminals, escaped slaves and former British soldiers. There also were native American Indians of the Seminole and Creek tribes. Sometimes, people from east Florida would cross the border and attack American citizens. One serious fight involved Seminole Indians and people just across the border in the state of Georgia. General Andrew Jackson was ordered to march against the Indians. He was a hero of the war of eighteen twelve against Britain. Jackson sent a message to President Monroe. He said: "Let me know in any way that the United States wants possession of the Florida territory. And in sixty days, it will be done." Jackson received no answer to his letter. He believed the silence meant that he was free to seize Florida. He quickly gathered a force of soldiers and marched toward Florida. General Jackson failed to capture any Indians. But he seized two Spanish towns: Saint Marks and Pensacola. He also arrested two British subjects. The two men were tried by a military court. They were found guilty of spying and giving guns to the Indians. Both were executed. Jackson left soldiers at several places in Florida. Then he returned to his home in Tennessee. President Monroe called a cabinet meeting as soon as he learned of Jackson's actions.
All the ministers, except Secretary of State Adams, believed that Jackson had gone too far. But they decided not to denounce him in public. Secretary Adams prepared messages to Britain and Spain about the incidents. His message to Britain carefully stated the activities of the two British subjects in Florida and explained why they were executed. Britain agreed not to take any action. Adams's message to Spain explained the situation this way: Spain had failed to keep the peace along the border as it had promised to do in a treaty. The United States had sent soldiers into Florida only to defend its citizens on the American side. The United States recognized that Florida belonged to Spain. But if Americans were forced to enter Florida again -- in self-defense -- the United States might not return the territory to Spain. Spain had a choice. It could send enough soldiers to keep order in Florida. Or it could give Florida to the United States. Spain really had no choice. At that time, Spain's colonies in South America were rebelling. All had declared their independence. Jose de San Martin led the struggle in Argentina. Bernardo O'Higgens was in Chile. And Simon Bolivar created the Republic of Great Columbia in the north.
Spain's forces could not be sent to Florida. They were needed in South America. So the king of Spain agreed to give Florida to the United States. In exchange, the United States agreed to pay five million dollars to American citizens who had damage claims against Spain. The Florida treaty was signed in February eighteen nineteen. The American Senate quickly approved the treaty. But the king of Spain delayed his approval for almost two years. He had hoped the United States would agree to one more demand. He did not want the United States to recognize the independence of the rebel Spanish colonies in South America. The United States rejected the king's demand. It said Spain must approve the Florida treaty, or it would take Florida on its own. The threat succeeded. Spain approved the treaty. Many Americans believed that the United States should recognize the independent republics in South America. The speaker of the House of Representatives, Henry Clay, agreed. He said recognition would help protect the rights and liberties of the new republics. He said it would lead to economic ties with the United States. And he said it would make the new republics follow the lead of the United States in diplomacy and foreign policy. As a result of all this, Clay said, the United States would become the leading nation in the Americas. Secretary of State Adams disagreed.
He did not believe that the new republics could develop free and liberal forms of government. He also feared that United States' recognition of the South American republics would lead to trouble with European nations. At the end of the Napoleonic wars, some of the nations of Europe joined in an agreement to keep the peace. They agreed to help each other put down rebellions. Such rebellions were defeated in Spain and Italy. Britain refused to be part of the agreement. And it did not want the alliance to interfere in South America. Britain had a good trade with the new republics. Britain proposed a joint statement with the United States. The statement would say that neither country would seize Spanish colonies in the new world. And both would oppose any effort by Spain to give its American territory to another European nation. At first, President Monroe thought he would accept the British proposal. He asked former presidents Jefferson and Madison for their advice. Both urged him to accept it. Secretary of State Adams, however, disagreed sharply. He said the United States should act alone in protesting European interference in South America. President Monroe finally accepted the advice of his secretary of state. He included Adams's ideas in his message to Congress in eighteen twenty-three. They became known as the Monroe Doctrine. That will be our story next week.
重点解析
1.South America 南美洲
None of these are in Africa or South America.
没有一所这样的大学在非洲或南美洲。
2.promised to 承诺
Mr. Johnson promised to pay for my education.
约翰逊先生答应支付我的教育费用。
3.controlled by 由……管理
Your thoughts are still moving in and out of your consciousness, but you do not feel controlled by them.
你的想法仍然在你的意识中进进出出，但是你并不觉得被这些想法控制。
4.After all 毕竟；终究
After all, I am defeated by him.
我毕竟打不过他。
参考译文
在1816年的选举中，反对党联邦党几乎不复存在。联邦党甚至没有召开大会选举总统候选人。但是三个州——康涅狄格、特拉华和马萨诸塞——承诺投票给联邦党人鲁弗斯·金本周，托尼·里格斯和拉里·韦斯特将继续为您讲述我们的故事。詹姆斯·门罗轻松获胜。他将连任两届。门罗于1917年2月宣誓就职总统。几个月后，门罗开始走访13个州。其所到之处都受到热烈欢迎。甚至在新英格兰也 有很多人欢迎门罗。三个半月后，门罗回到了华盛顿。虽然筋疲力尽，但他对美国人民的热情感到开心。然而，对于门罗当选并不是每个人都感到高兴。毕竟，他是来自弗吉尼亚州的第四个美国总统。这种情况引起了其他州，特别是新英格兰州的政治领导人的不满。门罗试图改善这一局面。他想把内阁的四个最高职位交给来自全国四个主要地区的人：东北部，南部，西部和大西洋中部海岸，这样有助于加强团结，还能获得每个地区的信息。门罗未能如愿。内阁中只有三个地区的代表，还差西部地区没有代表。内阁的最高职位——国务卿——由马萨诸塞州的约翰·昆西·亚当斯担任。亚当斯是美国前总统约翰·亚当斯的儿子。约翰·昆西·亚当斯和他的父亲一样，曾是一名联邦党人。但在托马斯·杰斐逊担任总统期间，他成为了一名共和党人。
亚当斯在许多方面为他的国家服务。他曾任美国驻俄罗斯大使。他是1812年战争结束后与英国和平谈判的首席谈判代表。门罗总统邀请肯塔基州的亨利·克莱担任战争部长。但亨利·克莱拒绝了。门罗找不到西部地区的其他人选担任陆军部部长。于是任命了来自南卡罗来纳州的国会议员约翰·C·卡尔霍恩。南方乔治亚州的威廉·克劳福德继续担任财政部长。弗吉尼亚州的威廉·沃特担任司法部长。门罗总统面临的首要问题之一是佛罗里达州东部的动乱。也就是现在美国东南部的佛罗里达州。当时，这块领土属于西班牙。但西班牙只控制了该地区的几个城镇。其余地区由罪犯、逃跑的奴隶和前英国士兵控制。还有塞米诺尔和克里克部落的印第安土著。有时，来自佛罗里达东部的人会越过边境袭击美国人。塞米诺尔印第安人和乔治亚州的边境居民发生了激烈的冲突。1812年对英战争的英雄安德鲁·杰克逊将军奉命攻击印第安人。杰克逊给门罗写信说：“告诉我，美国希望占领佛罗里达的领土，六十天之内，这事必能成。”杰克逊没有收到回信。
他以为是默许，意味着他可以自由地占领佛罗里达。他迅速召集了一支部队向佛罗里达进发。杰克逊将军未能抓住任何印第安人。但他夺取了两个西班牙城镇：圣马克和彭萨科拉。他还逮捕了两名英国人。这两人受到军事法庭的审判。他们被判犯有间谍罪和向印第安人提供枪支罪，判处死刑。杰克逊派了几名士兵驻守佛罗里达，然后回到了他田纳西州的家中。门罗总统一得知杰克逊的行动就召集了内阁会议。所有的部长，除了国务卿亚当斯，都认为杰克逊做得太过分了。但他们决定不公开谴责他。亚当斯国务卿就这些事件向英国和西班牙做出了解释。他给英国的信中详细叙述了这两名英国人在佛罗里达的活动，并解释了他们被处决的原因。英国同意不采取任何行动。亚当斯给西班牙的信息是这样解释这种情况的：西班牙没有像在条约中承诺的那样，维持边境的和平。美国派士兵到佛罗里达只是为了保护美国的公民。美国承认佛罗里达属于西班牙。但是，如果美国人被迫再次进入佛罗里达——出于自卫——美国可能不会把这块领土归还给西班牙。西班牙有两个选择。它可以派出足够的士兵来维持佛罗里达州的秩序，或者把佛罗里达交给美国。
西班牙别无选择。当时，西班牙在南美的殖民地正在闹反叛。纷纷宣布独立，何塞·德·圣·马丁在阿根廷领导了这场斗争，Bernardo O'Higgens在智利领导战争。西蒙·玻利瓦尔在北部建立了大哥伦比亚共和国。西班牙军队忙于南美的事物，无法派兵增援佛罗里达。于是，西班牙国王同意把佛罗里达送给美国。作为交换，美国同意向向西班牙索赔损失的美国公民支付500万美元。佛罗里达条约于1819年2月签署。美国参议院很快批准了这项条约。但西班牙国王迟迟不签字，拖了近两年。他曾希望美国能再同意一项要求。他希望美国不要承认西班牙殖民地在南美洲的独立。美国拒绝，并且说西班牙必须批准佛罗里达条约，否则美国将占领佛罗里达。西班牙无奈批准了这项条约。许多美国人认为，美国应该承认南美共和国的独立。众议院议长亨利·克莱表示同意。他说，承认将有助于保护新共和国的权利和自由。他说，这将导致他们与美国加强经济联系。他说，这将使新的共和国在外交和外交政策上追随美国。克莱说，因为这些原因，美国将在美洲获得领导地位。国务卿亚当斯不同意。他不相信新的共和国能够发展自由和自由的政府形式。
他还担心，美国承认南美各共和国的独立会给欧洲国家带来麻烦。拿破仑战争结束时，一些欧洲国家签署了和平条约。他们同意互相帮助，镇压叛乱。这些叛乱在西班牙和意大利被击败。英国拒绝加入协议，它也不希望这些国家干涉南美洲的事物。英国与这些新成立的共和国建立了良好的贸易关系。英国提议与美国发表联合声明。该声明将表示，两国都不会夺取西班牙在新大陆的殖民地。两国都反对西班牙将其美洲领土割让给另一个欧洲国家。起初，门罗总统考虑接受英国的提议。他向前总统杰斐逊和麦迪逊征求意见。两人都劝他接受。然而，美国国务卿亚当斯强烈反对。他说，美国应该单独行动，抗议欧洲对南美洲的干涉。门罗总统最终接受了国务卿的建议。他在1823年向国会发表的讲话中提到了亚当斯的观点。也就是我们熟知的门罗主义。这就是我们下周要讲的故事。
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