(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
The year seventeen ninety-six saw a change in American politics. That year, the new nation held its third presidential election. And for the first time, there was more than one candidate. George Washington won the first two elections without opposition. But now there were two political parties. The Federalists were led by former Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. The Republicans were led by former Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. This week in our series, Harry Monroe and Kay Gallant tell the story of the election of seventeen ninety-six and the winner, John Adams. Most people expected John Adams to win. He was well known throughout the country. He had campaigned for American independence from British rule. He had served as a diplomat in Europe and as the first American minister to Britain. He was Washington's choice for vice president and had served in that position for two terms. Adams was a Federalist. But he was not -- like other Federalists -- loyal to Alexander Hamilton. So Hamilton worked against Adams. He tried to win electoral support for his own candidate for president, Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina. At last, the day arrived for counting the votes. The Federalists were shocked by the results. Seventy-one electors voted for John Adams.
Sixty-eight voted for Republican Thomas Jefferson. Only sixty voted for Hamilton's choice, Thomas Pinckney. Under the electoral system used at that time, the candidate with the most votes became president. The candidate with the next largest number of votes became vice president. So America's second president would be John Adams. Its second vice president would be Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson had resigned from public service a few years earlier. But he decided to accept his election as vice president. He wrote to his friend James Madison: "I am willing to serve under President Adams. I believe Adams is the only man who can stop Alexander Hamilton from becoming president in eighteen hundred." To Adams himself, Jefferson wrote that he valued their long friendship and hoped it would continue. Republican newspapers carried articles that were friendly to Federalist John Adams -- the first time they had done so. When Adams and Jefferson took office in March, seventeen ninety-seven, some Federalists believed their political power had come to an end. But Alexander Hamilton, sitting in his law office in New York City, did not lose hope. He knew he still controlled the top Federalist leaders in Congress. More than that, he believed he knew how to control John Adams.
The new president made Hamilton's job easy. Adams kept President Washington's cabinet. The three men who were Washington's chief government officials would now advise President Adams. Washington had appointed them at Hamilton's request. And they always did what Hamilton told them to do. Historians still cannot explain why John Adams -- a man who did not like or trust Alexander Hamilton -- kept the three cabinet secretaries. If the secretaries had been men of great ability, then that might be an explanation. But they were not. One was a secretary of state who knew very little about foreign relations. The second was a secretary of the treasury who knew less about finance. The third was a secretary of war who knew nothing about military matters and defense. Adams may have kept these men as an act of party unity. Or he may have kept them because he could not get anyone else. Whatever his reason, the decision was politically costly, for the three men worked together against him. President Adams told his cabinet secretaries what he wanted. Then they went to Alexander Hamilton for orders. In the end, these secret activities helped destroy the Federalist Party. And so, they made the administration of John Adams one of the most exciting and important periods in the political history of the United States. As we said earlier, John Adams was a great man and a true patriot.
He was born in the village of Braintree, Massachusetts, in seventeen thirty-five. He wanted to be a farmer. But he was sent to Harvard College to study to be a clergyman. He had no interest in this life and became a lawyer, instead. In the years before the American Revolution, John Adams wrote articles about the injustice of British rule. He also became a delegate to the First Continental Congress. He urged the Congress to appoint George Washington as commander-in-chief of American forces. He argued for the creation of an American Navy. And he helped develop the resolutions declaring American independence. Adams spent most of the war years in Europe. He helped win Dutch recognition of the new American nation. He also negotiated a loan from the Dutch government, as well as a treaty of friendship and commerce. After American forces defeated British forces, he helped negotiate the peace treaty between the two countries. Then he served as the first American minister to Britain. Adams, like other Federalists, believed that men of money and position should govern America. He did not trust the common people. He did not support democracy. He once wrote: "In the city of Boston, there are four noble families. They are just as much a noble class as the nobility of Britain or Spain. And it is good that this aristocracy exists."
Yet John Adams had a deep love for his country. He would do whatever was necessary to keep it free.Adams was extremely intelligent and was a thoughtful, lively writer. However, he often acted very coldly and said little. Or he became angry easily. His best friend probably was his wife, Abigail. He had few other friends. Adams' personal weaknesses caused trouble during his presidency. He belonged to the Federalist Party. But he did not want to become involved in party arguments. And he did not want to make all the compromises necessary in the world of politics. So, other Federalists often worked against him. Not many people really liked this difficult, aristocratic man. Strangely enough, one of the few who did was Thomas Jefferson. This was strange, because Jefferson's political philosophy was opposed to everything Adams represented. Perhaps Jefferson liked Adams because he respected him for his intelligence. Perhaps he never forgot that Adams had fought hard for American independence. Or perhaps he understood that, under Adams' selfishness and weaknesses, there was an honest man who would do anything for his country. However, there were not many like Jefferson. Most men in politics just did not like Adams. They used this fact as a weapon.
It was such a strong weapon that it made people forget what Jefferson remembered. John Adams had a good mind and loved the United States.He had given many years of his life to the young nation and should be honored for it. Federalist leaders, especially, appealed to Adams' weaknesses when they wanted his support. For example, they knew Adams was jealous of President Washington. Adams felt Washington received too much honor, while he received not enough. Sometimes, if Adams knew the president's opinion on a question, he would develop a different opinion. Yet Washington -- like Jefferson -- respected Adams. He felt the new nation needed Adams' skills. Adams won the presidency in seventeen ninety-six. But his term would be difficult. His own party, the Federalists, did not trust him. And he did not have the support of the general public. The people knew he did not like them. Adams did not expect the job to be easy. He once wrote: "In politics, a man must always walk on broken glass and red-hot iron. It is not easy to do this when you are not wearing shoes. But some men must do it. There are many dangerous things that have to be done for our country in these dangerous times. If nobody else will do them, I will." We will continue the story of John Adams next week.
重点解析
1.such that 如此…以致
Besides subtyping, it is possible to define equivalence types such that the value of one type can be replaced by another type.
除了子类型外，还可以定义等价的类型，这样，一个类型的值可以用另一个类型代替。
2.loyal to 忠于，忠诚于
Most of us, however, are very loyal to the news outlets we most trust, and breaking that habit can be difficult.
我们中的大多数，但是，很忠诚于我们最信任的新闻媒体，以及打破这种习惯可能很困难。
3.opposed to 反对；反对…的
“I’m opposed to giving people money for doing nothing, ” he declares.
在书中，他声称到“我反对没理由的给穷人捐钱。”
4.vice president 副总统；副主席
"And the fact that I am asking my vice president to personally lead this effort shows how important it is for our country and our future to get this right, " he said.
他说：“我请求我的副总统亲自领导这个工作，这件事本身就说明：把这个工作做好，对于我们的国家和我们的未来来讲，是多么的重要。”
5.In the end 终于，最后
He calmed down in the end.
他的情绪终于平定下来。
参考译文
1796年，美国政治发生了变化。那一年，美国举行了第三届总统选举。第一次出现不止一个候选人的情况。乔治·华盛顿在无人反对的情况下赢得了前两次选举。但是现在有两个政党。联邦党的领导人是前财政部长亚历山大·汉密尔顿。共和党的领导人是前国务卿托马斯·杰斐逊。本周节目中，哈里·门罗和凯·格兰特讲述1796年总统选举以及获胜者约翰·亚当斯的故事。大多数人希望翰·亚当斯获胜。约翰·亚当斯在全国都很知名。他曾为美国脱离英国而独立进行活动。他曾在欧洲担任外交官，并担任美国首任驻英大使。他被选为华盛顿的副总统，并担任两届副总统。亚当斯是联邦主义者。但他不像其他联邦党人那样忠于亚历山大·汉密尔顿。所以汉密尔顿反对亚当斯。他试图为自己提出的总统候选人、南卡罗来纳州的托马斯·平克尼赢得选举支持。最后，到了统计选票的那一天，联邦党人对结果感到很震惊。71人把票投给约翰·亚当斯，68人投给共和党人托马斯·杰斐逊。只有60人投票支持汉密尔顿的选择，托马斯·平克尼。根据当时的选举制度，得票最多的人当选总统。得票第二多的候选人成为副总统。因此，美国第二任总统将是约翰·亚当斯。第二任副总统是托马斯·杰斐逊。杰斐逊几年前辞去了公职。但是他决定接受副总统的选举结果。他在给朋友詹姆斯·麦迪逊的信中写道："我愿意为亚当斯总统效力。我认为亚当斯是唯一能阻止亚历山大·汉密尔顿在1800年担任总统的人。"在亚当斯本人看来，杰斐逊写道，他珍视他们之间长期珍贵的友谊，并希望这种友谊能够持续下去。共和党报纸刊登了对联邦党人约翰·亚当斯友好的文章--这是他们第一次做出这样的表示。1797年3月当亚当斯和杰斐逊就职时，一些联邦主义者认为他们的政治权力已经结束。但坐在纽约市的律师事务所里的亚历山大·汉密尔顿并没有放弃希望。他知道，他仍然控制着国会中联邦最高领导人。更重要的是，他认为自己知道如何控制约翰·亚当斯。新总统轻易地安排汉密尔顿的工作。亚当斯保住了华盛顿总统的内阁。曾是华盛顿的三名主要政府官员，现在为亚当斯总统出谋划策。华盛顿应汉密尔顿的要求任命了他们。他们总是按照汉密尔顿说的去做。历史学家仍然无法解释为什么约翰·亚当斯--一个既不喜欢也不相信亚历山大·汉密尔顿的人--保留了三位内阁部长。如果内阁部长都是很有能力的人，那么这算是一种解释，然而事实并非如此。其中一位是对外交关系知之甚少的国务卿。第二位是财政部长，他对金融知识知之甚少。第三位是战争部长，他对军事和国防一无所知。
亚当斯把这些人留了下来可能就是为了保持党内团结，或者可能因为找不到别人不得不留用这三个人。不管什么理由，这个决定使他付出了很大的政治代价，这三个人联合起来反对他。亚当斯总统告诉他的内阁部长他想要什么，然而这些内阁部长们去找亚历山大·汉密尔顿要指示。最终，这些秘密活动摧毁了联邦党。因此，他们使约翰·亚当斯政府成为美国政治史上最激动人心和最重要的时期之一。正如我们前面所说，约翰·亚当斯是一位伟大的人，一位真正的爱国者。他于1735年出生在马萨诸塞州的布伦特里村，他想成为一名农民。但是他被送到哈佛大学学习成为一名牧师。他对这种生活没有什么兴趣，反而当了一名律师。在美国独立战争之前的几年里，约翰·亚当斯写过一些关于英国统治不公的文章。他还成为第一届大陆会议的代表。他敦促国会任命乔治·华盛顿为美军武装力量的总司令。他主张建立一支美国海军，而且对美国独立宣言的形成起了很大的帮助。独立战争期间，亚当斯大部分时间都在欧洲度过。在他的帮助下，荷兰赢得了美国的承认。他还与荷兰政府商谈了一笔贷款，以及一项商业往来的友好条约。美国军队打败英国军队后，他帮助两国达成和平协议。之后，他成为美国第一任驻英公使。亚当斯和其他联邦主义者一样，认为有钱有势的人应该治理美国。他不相信平民百姓。他不支持民主。他曾经写道："在波士顿市，有四个贵族家庭。他们和英国或西班牙的贵族一样是贵族阶级，贵族阶层的存在是件好事。"然而约翰·亚当斯深深地爱着他的国家。他会做任何必要的事情来确保美国的自由。亚当斯非常聪明，是一个深思熟虑、充满活力的作家。然而，他经常表现得很冷淡，很少说话。或者他很容易生气。他最好的朋友也许就是他的妻子阿比盖尔。他几乎没有别的朋友。亚当斯的个性中的弱点在他的总统任期内造成了麻烦，他是联邦党人。但他不想卷入党派纷争。他也不想在政治世界中做出所有必要的妥协。因此，其他联邦党人经常反对他。没有多少人真正喜欢这个难相处的贵族人。奇怪的是，托马斯·杰斐逊就是为数不多的喜欢亚当斯的人。很奇怪，因为杰斐逊的政治理念和亚当斯是对立的。杰弗逊喜欢亚当斯也许是出于对他智慧的尊重。也许他永远不会忘记亚当斯曾为美国独立而奋斗。或许他明白，在自私和软弱的亚当斯的领导下，有一个诚实的人愿意为他的国家做任何事。然而，像杰斐逊这样的人并不多。大多数从政的人都不喜欢亚当斯。
他们把这个事实当作武器。这个武器如此强大，以至于人们忘记了杰斐逊所记得的一切。约翰·亚当斯头脑聪明，热爱美国。他一生的大部分时间都奉献给了这个年轻的国家，应该为此受到尊敬。尤其是联邦党的领导人，当他们需要亚当斯的支持时，就会需要他的软弱。例如，他们知道亚当斯嫉妒华盛顿总统。亚当斯觉得华盛顿得到的荣誉太多，而他却没有得到足够的荣誉和尊重。有时，如果亚当斯知道总统在一个问题有了看法，他会提出不同的看法。然而，华盛顿和杰斐逊一样尊重亚当斯。他觉得这个新国家需要亚当斯的聪敏和才智。亚当斯于1796年当选总统。但他的任期将很艰难。他自己的政党--联邦党人并不信任他。他没有得到公众的支持。人们知道他不喜欢他们。亚当斯预料到这份工作不轻松。他曾写道："在政治中，一个人必须总是踩在碎玻璃和炽热的铁上，不穿鞋时，要做到这一点并不容易，但有些人必须这样做。在这一困难时期，我们的国家必须得做很多危险的事情，如果没有人愿意做，那么我愿意去做。"下周我们将继续约翰·亚当斯的故事。译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
