(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
I'm Faith Lapidus. And I'm Bob Doughty with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English. Today we tell about Eunice Kennedy Shriver. She was a member of one of the most famous families in American politics. She used her influence to make a difference in the lives of millions of people. Though she never ran for office, she spent her life energetically working to improve the lives of people with developmental problems. Eunice Shriver was best known for creating the Special Olympics, an athletic event for people with mental disabilities. Her efforts changed the way the world thinks about the mentally disabled.
"You are the stars and the world is watching you. By your presence, you send a message to every village, every city, every nation. A message of hope, a message of victory. The right to play on any playing field. You have earned it. The right to study in any school. You have earned it. The right to hold a job? You have earned it. The right to be anyone's neighbor. You have earned it." That was Eunice Kennedy Shriver speaking at the nineteen eighty-seven Special Olympics games in South Bend, Indiana. She was a thin and energetic woman with a huge smile and great spirit. Mrs. Shriver officially became involved in helping people with developmental problems when she became the executive vice-president of a family organization in nineteen fifty-seven. The Joseph P. Kennedy Junior Foundation was created in nineteen forty-six to honor her oldest brother, who died fighting in World War Two.
Under her guidance, the foundation turned its attention to studying the causes of mental disabilities. It also sought to improve the way society treats people with such disabilities. The foundation also started centers for the study of medical ethics at Harvard University and Georgetown University. Eunice Shriver and her family had a personal reason to be interested in this issue. Her older sister, Rosemary Kennedy, was born mentally retarded. As Rosemary grew older, she became increasingly difficult to live with and supervise. When she was in her twenties, her father arranged for her to have an operation on her brain to improve her mental condition. But the operation left her completely disabled. Her family later sent her to a care center where she lived until her death in two thousand five. In the past, mental disability was generally treated as a shameful and hopeless disease. Many families secretly sent their disabled children to grow up in institutions. And, there were almost no community activities, resources or jobs for the mentally disabled. They were shut away with little respect and few civil rights.
Eunice Shriver changed this. She showed the world that the mentally disabled could be useful citizens enjoying rich lives. Eunice Mary Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts in nineteen twenty-one. She was the fifth of nine children born to the Irish Catholic family of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. Her grandfather was John Fitzgerald who served as mayor of Boston, Massachusetts and as a lawmaker. Eunice's father was a wealthy businessman with powerful connections. The Kennedys raised their children to be highly intelligent and highly competitive. Eunice Kennedy Shriver once said that her father's advice to his children was to win. He said that coming in second or third did not count, but one had to win, win, win. Mister Kennedy also told his friends that his sons would one day run for president. And, he was right. John F. Kennedy became president in nineteen sixty-one and served until his murder two years later. Robert Kennedy, a senator, ran for president in nineteen sixty-eight and was killed that same year. Edward Kennedy never won the presidency, but became a long- serving and important member of the United States Senate.
Eunice Shriver also carried on the family tradition of public service. She graduated in nineteen forty-three with a sociology degree from Stanford University in California. She worked for different organizations as a social worker before working for her family's foundation. Over the years, she also worked for the political campaigns of her brothers, John, Robert and Edward. In nineteen fifty-three, she married R. Sargent Shriver. They had five children: Robert, Maria, Timothy, Mark and Anthony. Under the administration of John F. Kennedy, Eunice Shriver continued her work for her foundation. She influenced her brother to create a committee to study developmental disabilities. This effort led to the creation of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health. In nineteen sixty-two, Mrs. Shriver published an important article in the Saturday Evening Post called "Hope for Retarded Children." She wrote openly about her sister Rosemary's condition. For years, this had been a closely guarded family secret.
Eunice Shriver used Rosemary as an example of how not to treat people with disabilities. Instead, she said people with mental disabilities needed to be treated as useful citizens and given special education and training. She said family members of disabled people had few resources for community support or medical help. She gave examples of parents who struggled to make a better life for their disabled children. "Think of the families, think of the mothers who love their children but feel so desperately alone. Their children have done nothing wrong, committed no crime and perpetuated no injustice. They are the world's most innocent victims, and they suffer only because they are different." Mrs. Shriver also opened a summer camp that was free of cost for mentally retarded children. The idea for it came when a mother told her that there were no summer camps where she could send her disabled child. So, Eunice Shriver did something about it.
She started Camp Shriver at her home in Maryland to give disabled children a fun summer program filled with physical activities. Non-disabled children were also welcome to join the camp. She made sure there were a large number of workers to give the necessary attention to all the kids. And, she asked students from private schools to volunteer at the camp as helpers. Mizz Shriver was directly involved in all parts of the camp. She would often swim and play ball with the children. "Don't keep them away from something that can change their lives and give them a new vision and give their parents a new vision of them, just because they don't want someone in the community to say, 'oh, your child is special." In nineteen sixty-eight, Eunice Shriver organized the first Special Olympics in Chicago, Illinois. "In ancient Rome, the gladiators went into the arena with these words on their lips: let me win, but if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt. Today, all of you young athletes are in the arena. Many of you will win. But even more important, I know you will be brave and bring credit to your parents and to your country. Let us begin the Olympics, thank you."
About one thousand competitors from twenty-six states and Canada took part in the event. They competed in running, swimming and hockey. The idea of permitting mentally disabled people to compete in sports was revolutionary at the time. Before, people with special needs were often prevented from physical activity out of concern that they would hurt themselves or be unable to compete. Mrs. Shriver said that the Special Olympics proved a very important fact: that exceptional children with mental retardation can be exceptional athletes. Today, the Special Olympics has grown to include about three million athletes in more than one hundred fifty countries. "Let us not forget that we have miles to go to overturn the prejudice and oppression facing the world's one hundred eighty million citizens with intellectual disabilities." Eunice Kennedy Shriver continued to work for the disabled in other ways. She created an organization called Community for Caring. It works to reduce teenage pregnancies and educate students about creating caring and respectful communities.
Mrs. Shriver received many awards for her work. These include the French Legion of Honor and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor. Eunice Kennedy Shriver died in August of two thousand nine after a series of strokes. Her daughter's husband, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, said that she was the light of the family. And he said her pioneering work for social and scientific improvements changed the lives of millions of developmentally disabled people all over the world.
重点解析
1.make a difference 有影响
I believed that I can make a difference in this world.
我也坚信我世界一定会因我而不同。
2.energetically 积极地；精力充沛地
He had worked energetically all day on his new book.
他整天都劲头十足地写他的新书。
3.supervise 监督
A team was sent to supervise the elections in Nicaragua.
一队人马被派去监督尼加拉瓜的选举。
4.arrange for 安排
I shall arrange for a suitable meeting.
我要安排一个适当的会议。
5.be treated as 被作为；当做…来看
I hate being treated as an invalid.
我讨厌被人当作伤病号对待。
6.serve as 担任
So today, I'm thankful to serve as your President and Commander-in-Chief.
因此今天，我感谢能担任你们的总统和总司令。
参考译文
我是菲丝·拉伯蒂斯。我是鲍勃·道蒂。这里是VOA慢速英语栏目《美国人物志》。今天我们将讲述尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛的故事。她来自美国政界最知名的家族之一。她利用自己的影响力改变了数百万人的生活。虽然她没有参加竞选，但她将自己的一生都奉献给了改善发育问题患者的生活。尤尼斯·施莱佛以开创特殊奥林匹克运动会最为知名，这是一个精神残疾患者参与的体育活动。她的努力改变了世界看待精神病患者的方式。“你们都是明星，世界正在注视着你们。你们的出现给每个村庄、城市和国家传递了信息。一条希望和胜利的信息。参加任何一场运动的权利，去任何一所学校上学的权利，参加工作的权利以及和别人做邻居的权利，这些都是你们应得的。”这是尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛于1987年在印第安纳州南本德的特殊奥林匹克运动会上的演讲。
她是个瘦弱却精力充沛的女性，带着大大的笑容，拥有伟大的灵魂。1957年，施莱佛太太还是家族组织执行副总裁的时候她就参与帮助那些患有发育问题的人。约瑟夫P·肯尼迪少年基金会于1946年成立，其目的是为了纪念她在二战中牺牲的大哥。在她的带领下，基金会将注意力转向了研究精神残疾的病因。该基金会还寻求改善社会对待此类人群的方式。基金会还在哈佛大学以及乔治城大学开设了医学伦理学研究中心。尤尼斯·施莱佛和她的家族对此问题感兴趣是有私人原因的。她的姐姐罗斯玛丽·肯尼迪天生智力迟钝。随着罗斯玛丽一天天长大，她越来越难以相处和管教。在她20多岁的时候，她的父亲给她安排了一次大脑手术希望改善她的精神问题。但这个手术让她彻底残废了。后来，她们家把她送至了疗养中心，她一直住在那里直到2005年过世。
过去，精神残疾通常被认为是一种难以启齿且毫无希望的疾病。很多家庭都会悄悄把他们的残疾的孩子送到某些机构，让他们在那里成长。几乎没有智力残疾人士可以参加的社区活动、资源或工作。他们被关了起来，得不到尊重，无法享有民权。尤尼斯·施莱佛改变了这一切。她告诉世界，智障人士可以成为有用的市民，享受丰富多彩的生活。1921年尤妮斯·玛丽·肯尼迪在马萨诸塞州布鲁克莱恩出生。她是爱尔兰天主教家庭约瑟夫和罗斯·肯尼迪9个孩子中的老五。她的祖父是约翰·菲茨杰拉尔德，曾任马萨诸塞州波士顿市长，也是一名立法者。尤尼斯的父亲是一名富有的商人，关系网强大。肯尼迪家的孩子们拥有者高智商和竞争力。尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛曾说她的父亲给孩子们的建议就是要赢。他说第二第三都没什么，但是一定要赢。肯尼迪先生也告诉他的朋友们，他的儿子们有一天会去竞选总统。他说对了。
约翰·肯尼迪于1961年成为总统并一直任职，直到两年后遇害。罗伯特·肯尼迪是一名参议员，他于1968年竞选总统，并于同年被杀害。爱德华·肯尼迪从未当选总统，但他却是美国参议院任期很长的重要成员。尤尼斯·施莱佛还继续公益服务的家庭传统。1943年，她从加利福尼亚斯坦福大学毕业并获社会学学位。在为家族基金会工作前，她以社会工作者的身份在不同组织工作。多年来，她还为哥哥们（约翰、罗伯特以及爱德华）的政治运动效力。
1953年，她嫁给了R.萨金特·施莱佛。他们有五个孩子：罗伯特、玛利亚、提摩太、马克和安东尼。在约翰·肯尼迪政府管理下，尤尼斯·施莱佛继续她在基金会的工作。她的哥哥受她的影响成立了一个委员会研究发育障碍问题。国立卫生研究院国立儿童健康与人类发育研究所由此成立。1962年，施莱佛夫人在《星期六晚报》上发表了一篇名为《Hope for Retarded Children》的重要文章。她在文章中公开了她的姐姐罗斯玛丽的病情。多年来，这一直是严密保守的家族秘密。尤尼斯·施莱佛以罗斯玛丽为例讲述了如何正确对待残疾人士。她说患有精神障碍的人需要被当成正常市民一样对待，应该给予他们特殊教育和培训。她说残疾人的家人能得到的社区支持和医疗帮助资源很少。她举了很多患者父母苦苦为自己的孩子创造更好生活的例子。想想那些家庭，想想那些深爱着自己的孩子却感到孤独绝望的母亲们。他们的孩子没做错什么，没有犯罪，却要永远遭遇这些不公平。他们是世界上最无辜的受害人，他们遭遇着一切只是因为他们不一样。”
施莱佛夫人还开了一家夏令营，对智力落后儿童免费开放。这个想法源自一位母亲告诉她，没有他们的孩子可以去的夏令营。所以尤尼斯·施莱佛开了一家夏令营。她在马里兰的家中开设了施莱佛夏令营，给残疾儿童一个欢乐体育活动夏令营项目。非残疾儿童也欢迎来此。她确保有大量的工作人员可以给孩子们必要的关注。她邀请私立学校的学生来到夏令营做志愿者。施莱佛夫人直接参与了夏令营的所有活动。她经常和孩子们一起游泳合作。不要让孩子们远离那些可以改变他们人生、给他们新视野的东西，让他们的父母看到他们新的一面，因为他们不希望社区里的人说，“你的孩子不一样。”
1968年，尤尼斯·施莱佛在伊利诺斯州芝加哥筹办第一届特奥会。“在古罗马，走进竞技场的角斗士会说：让我赢吧，如果我不能赢的话，请让我勇敢地尝试。今天，竞技场中的所有年轻运动员们。你们中很多人都会获胜。但是更重要的是，我知道你们会很勇敢，为你们的父母和国家争气。让我们开始比赛吧，谢谢。”
来自26个州和加拿大的一千名运动员参加了此次活动。他们的比赛项目有跑步、游泳和冰球。允许智障人群参加体育比赛的这一想法在那时是革命性的。在此之前，有特殊需求的人经常被体育活动拒之门外，因为担心他们会伤到自己或是无法进行比赛。施莱佛夫人表示特奥会证明了一个非常重要的事实：患有智力障碍的特殊儿童可以是很棒的运动员。如今，特奥会已发展成为了一个有150多个国家三百万运动员参与的体育盛事。“不要忘记，世界上有180万智障人士，而距离消除对他们的偏见和反抗，我们还有很长的路要走。”
尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛以各种方式继续她为残疾人士的工作。她成立了一个名为关爱社区的组织。帮助减少青春期妊娠以及教育学生创造关爱和礼貌的社区。施莱佛夫人多次获奖，包括法国荣誉军团勋章和美国市民最高荣誉—总统自由勋章。尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛在一系列中风后于2009年8月去世。 她女儿的丈夫，加州市长阿诺德·斯瓦辛格表示她是家中的明灯。他说她为社会和科学改善所做的开创性的工作改变了世界数百万发育残疾人的生活。
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