(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Today, we finish the story about the first thirteen American colonies. We tell about how the southern colonies developed. The most northern of the southern colonies was Maryland. The king of England, Charles the First, gave the land between Virginia and Pennsylvania to George Calvert in sixteen thirty-two. George Calvert was also called Lord Baltimore. He was a Roman Catholic. George Calvert wanted to start a colony because of religious problems in England. Catholics could not openly observe their religion. They also had to pay money to the government because they did not belong to the Anglican Church, which was the Church of England. George Calvert never saw the colony that was called Maryland. He died soon after he received the documents. His son Cecil Calvert became the next Lord Baltimore, and received all the land. He had the power to collect taxes, fight wars, make laws and create courts in Maryland. Cecil Calvert named his brother Leonard as the colony's first governor. Cecil Calvert believed that English Catholics could live in peace in Maryland with people who believed in Protestant religions. So he urged Catholics to leave England.To get more settlers, he permitted them to own their farms and gave them some power in local politics. Some Catholics did go to Maryland, but not as many as expected. Protestants were in the majority. In sixteen forty-nine, Lord Baltimore accepted a Toleration Act passed by the local government. It guaranteed freedom of religion, but only for Christians. King Charles the Second of England gave away more land in America in sixteen sixty-three. This time, he gave to eight English lords the land known as Carolina. It extended south from Virginia into an area known as Florida. Spain controlled Florida. Spain also claimed the southern part of Carolina. Spanish, French and English settlers had tried to live in that area earlier. But they were not successful. But the eight new owners promised forty hectares of land to anyone who would go to Carolina to live. They also promised religious freedom. The first successful Carolina settlers left England in sixteen seventy. They built a town in an area where two rivers met.
They called it Charles Town, for King Charles. Spanish ships attacked the port city many times, but the settlers kept them away. The settlers planted all kinds of crops to see what would grow best. They found rice was just right for the hot, wet land. Their pigs and cattle did so well that settlers in Carolina started selling meat to the West Indies. Many of Charles Town's settlers came from Barbados, a port used in the West Indies slave trade. The settlers began buying black slaves to help grow the rice. By seventeen-oh-eight, more blacks than whites lived in southern Carolina. The work of slaves made possible a successful economy. Northern Carolina grew much more slowly than the southern part of the colony. Many settlers to this area were from nearby Virginia. People who did not agree with the Anglican Church were not welcome in Virginia. Some of them moved south to the northern part of Carolina. History experts say that the area that became North Carolina may have been the most democratic of all the colonies. The people generally did not get involved in each other's lives.
They permitted each other to live in peace. They faced danger together from pirates who made the North Carolina coast their headquarters. Experts say the people in northern Carolina were independent thinkers. In sixteen seventy-seven, some of them rebelled against England. They did not like England's Navigation Acts. These laws forced people in Carolina to pay taxes to England on goods sold to other colonies. Some northern Carolina settlers refused to pay this tax. They even set up their own government and tried to break free of England. But the English soldiers in the colonies stopped the rebellion by arresting its leader. The differences between the people of northern Carolina and southern Carolina became too great. The owners of the colony divided Carolina into two parts in seventeen twelve. The last English colony founded in the New World was Georgia. It was established in seventeen thirty-two, under King George the Second. Georgia was the idea of a man named James Oglethorpe.
He wanted to solve the debtor problem in England. Debtors are people who cannot re-pay money they owe. At that time, debtors were placed in prison. This made it impossible for them to earn the money needed to pay their debts. Oglethorpe wanted to create a colony where debtors could go instead of going to prison. He wanted it to be a place where people could have good lives. But not many debtors wanted to go to Georgia. The people who settled there were much like the people in the other colonies. They did not agree with all of Oglethorpe's ideas. They wanted to do things he did not believe were right, like drinking alcohol and owning slaves. The settlers won in the end. They did not accept Oglethorpe's ideas about how they should live. Life was not easy in Georgia. Spaniards and pirates captured ships of all nations along the coast. Spain controlled Florida and also claimed Georgia and the Carolinas. Border fights were common. Oglethorpe lost all his money trying to establish Georgia. King George took control of the colony in seventeen fifty-two. As all these new colonies were being established nearby, the colony of Virginia was growing.A way of life was developing there that was very different from that found in the north. Most people in Virginia at this time were members of the Church of England. Religion was not as important a part of their lives as it was to the people in the north. In the New England colonies, the clergy were considered the most important people in town. In the southern colonies, rich land owners were more important. People in Virginia did not live in towns, as people did in Massachusetts. They lived along rivers on small farms or on large farms called plantations. Living on a river made it easy to send goods to other nations by ship. Virginians were sending large amounts of tobacco to England on those ships. It was the crop that earned them the most money. Growing tobacco destroys the elements in the soil that support plant life. After a few years, nothing grows well on land that has been planted with tobacco. A farmer has to stop planting anything on the land every few years. That means he needs a lot of land. He also needs many workers. So tobacco farmers in Virginia began to buy land and workers. At first, they bought the services of poor people who had no money or jobs.
These people were called indentured servants. They made an agreement to work for a farmer for a period of four to seven years. Then they were freed to work for themselves. In sixteen nineteen, a Dutch ship brought some Africans to Jamestown. They had been kidnapped from their homes by African traders and sold to the ship's captain. He sold them to the Virginia settlers. Those first blacks may have been treated like indentured servants. Later, however, colonists decided to keep them as slaves so they would not have to continue paying for workers. Indians did not make good slaves because they could run away. Blacks could not. They had no place to go. Slowly, laws were approved in Virginia that made it legal to keep black people as slaves. By seventeen fifty, there were more Africans in Virginia than any other group. History experts continue to debate if slavery caused prejudice in America or prejudice caused slavery. No one knows the answer. Most Europeans of the seventeenth century felt they were better than African people. The reasons for this included the Africans' different customs, religion and the black color of their skin. Europeans believed the color black represented danger and death. Slavery in the American south affected the history of the United States for many years. It divided the people and led to a great civil war. But slavery did not start in America. That will be our story next week.重点解析
1.known as 被认为是
He told them that in our area, we are known as a refuge; we treat all victims of the conflict equally, no matter what side they’re on.
他告诉他们，我们这个地区的人都知道这里是一个避难所；我们对所有的冲突的受害者一视同仁，不论他们属于哪一方。
2.run away 逃跑；失控
I tell them to go and stay with a friend, run away.
我告诉她们逃跑，和朋友待在一起。
3.agree with 同意，和…意见一致
She nodded to agree with me.
她点头同意了我的意见。
4.rebelled against背叛
He was a child who always rebelled against his teachers.
他是一个一贯不服从老师教导的孩子。
5.kidnapped from 被绑架的
They say they are ensuring he is safe and is not kidnapped from his police cell.
他们说，他们要确保贝内特的安全，也要确保他不会从警察局的牢房遭到绑架。
参考译文
今天，我们将为您讲述13个美国殖民地最后的故事，即南部殖民地是如何发展起来的。南部殖民地的最北部是马里兰。1632年，英国国王查理一世把弗吉尼亚和宾夕法尼亚之间的土地赐给了乔治•卡尔弗特。乔治•卡尔弗特又被称为巴尔的摩勋爵，是罗马天主教徒。乔治•卡尔弗特因为英国的宗教问题希望建立殖民地。天主教徒不能公开他们的宗教。因为不属于英国圣公会（英国国教），所以他们还必须向政府交钱。乔治•卡尔弗特从未见过这个叫做马里兰的殖民地，他收到文件后不久就死了。他的儿子塞西尔•卡尔弗特继任，得到了所有的土地。他有权在马里兰州收税、打仗、制定法律和设立法院。塞西尔•卡尔弗特任命他的兄弟伦纳德为该殖民地的第一任总督。塞西尔•卡尔弗特相信，英国天主教徒可以与新教徒在马里兰州和平共处。因此他敦促天主教徒离开英国。为了吸引更多的定居者，他允许定居者们拥有自己的农场，并给予他们在当地的一些政治权力。一些天主教徒确实去了马里兰，但没有预期的那么多，新教徒占多数。1649年，巴尔的摩勋爵接受了当地政府通过的《宽容法案》。该法案保证了宗教自由，但仅限于基督徒。1663年，英国国王查理二世在美洲出让了更多的土地。这一次，他把这片被称为卡罗莱纳的土地给了英国的八位勋爵。这片土地从弗吉尼亚向南延伸到佛罗里达州，西班牙控制佛罗里达。西班牙还宣称对卡罗莱纳南部拥有主权。西班牙、法国和英国人早先曾试图居住在那个地区，但都没有成功。但是八位勋爵承诺，任何想去卡罗莱纳居住的人都可以得到40公顷的土地，而且享有宗教自由。1670年，卡罗莱纳的第一批定居者离开英国。他们在两条河流交汇的地方建了一座城镇，将其命名为查理镇，因为是国王是查理。西班牙船只多次袭击这座港口城市，但都被定居者击退。定居者种植了各种庄稼，看哪种庄稼生长得最好。他们发现，炎热潮湿的土地很适合稻米生长，猪和牛也饲养的很好，他们开始向西印度群岛出售猪肉和牛肉。查理镇的许多定居者都来自西印度群岛奴隶贸易中的港口城镇——巴巴多斯。定居者们开始购买黑奴来帮助种植水稻。1708年，住在卡罗莱纳州南部州的黑人人数比白人还多。黑人劳作促进了经济的发展。卡罗莱纳州北部的发展比卡罗莱纳州南部慢得多。到这里定居的很多都来自附近的维吉尼亚州。这些人因为不赞同圣公会，所以在维吉尼亚州不受欢迎。一些人南下来到了卡罗莱纳州北部。历史学家表示，属于卡罗莱纳州北部的这块地方可能是所有殖民地中最民主的。大家互不干涉，允许彼此和平相处，共同面对在卡罗莱纳州北部海岸集结的海盗，专家表示，卡罗莱纳北部的定居者善于独立思考。
1677年，他们中的一些人反抗英国。他们不喜欢英国的《航海法案》。法案规定，卡罗莱纳的人们必须向英国缴纳出口到其他殖民地的货物税款。卡罗莱纳北部的移民拒绝缴纳。他们甚至建立了自己的政府，试图脱离英国。但是殖民地的英国士兵逮捕了叛乱的首领，从而阻止了叛乱。卡罗莱纳州南北差距太大了。1712年，殖民主把卡罗莱纳一分为二。英国在新大陆建立的最后一个殖民地是乔治亚州1732年，由乔治二世国王建立。乔治亚的名字是一个名叫詹姆斯•奥格索普的人提出来的，他想帮助英国解决债务问题。债务人是指无法偿还欠款的人。当时，债务人换不上钱就会被投入监狱。这样一来，这些人就没办法挣钱还债了。奥格索普想出把这些送到殖民地去，而不是送到监狱。他希望人们能在这里过上美好生活，但没有多少人愿意去乔治亚。乔治亚定居者与其他殖民地的人没有多大区别。他们对于奥格索普的观点并不完全赞同。他们想做奥格索普认为不正确的事情，比如喝酒和拥有奴隶。定居者最终获胜。他们不接受奥格索普关于应该如何生活的观点。乔治亚州的生活并不轻松。西班牙人和海盗劫持了沿海各国的船只。西班牙人控制了佛罗里达，并声称拥有乔治亚州和卡罗来纳州的主权，边境冲突不断。为了建立乔治亚州，奥格索普输掉了所有的钱。1752年，乔治国王接管乔治亚州。当这些新殖民地在附近建立时，弗吉尼亚的殖民地逐渐发展壮大。他们过着与北方截然不同的生活。当时弗吉尼亚的大多数人都是英国国教的成员。宗教对于这些人不如对北方人那么重要。在新英格兰殖民地，牧师被认为是镇上最重要的人。在南方殖民地，最显赫的却是有钱的农场主。马萨诸塞州的定居者住在城镇。弗吉尼亚的定居者住在称为种植园的河流沿岸的小农场或大农场。这样一来，他们就可以很方便地将商品通过水路运出去，弗吉尼亚人利用船只把大量烟草运往英格兰。种植农作物为它们带来大量资金。种植烟草会破坏植物在土壤中生长的元素。几年后，种植烟草的土地没法生长其它作物。农民每隔几年就要进行休耕。这意味着他需要很多土地，还有工人。
因此，弗吉尼亚州的烟草种植者开始购买土地和工人。起初，他们雇佣的是没有钱也没有工作的穷人。这些人被称为契约仆役。根据契约，这些仆役要为农场主工作4到7年。然后就可以解放了。1619年，一艘荷兰船载着非洲人带到詹姆斯敦。这些人在家中被非洲商人绑架然后卖给船长。船长把这些人卖给了弗吉尼亚殖民者，第一批黑人可能和契约仆役差不多。然而，后来，殖民者决定把他们当作奴隶，这样他们就不用花钱雇人。印第安人不适合做奴隶，因为他们可以逃跑。而黑人不一样，他们无处可去。慢慢地，弗吉尼亚州颁布了法律，使黑人奴隶合法化。到1750年，黑人已经成为弗吉尼亚州最大的族群。历史学家对于是奴隶制的出现导致了歧视，还是歧视造成了奴隶制的出现争论不休。没有人知道答案。17世纪的大多数欧洲人认为他们比非洲人优越。因为非洲人的风俗习惯、宗教信仰以及他们黑色的肤色和欧洲人不一样。欧洲人认为，黑色代表危险和死亡。美国南方的奴隶制对美国历史影响深远。它致使人民分裂，导致了美国南北战争的爆发，但是奴隶制并非首先出现在美国。这将是我们下周的故事。译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
