听力文本

Today we tell about the invasion of Iraq that began in March, two thousand three. Islamic terrorists of the al-Qaida group attacked the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., on September eleventh, two thousand one. After the attacks, the Bush administration supported the policy of preventive war to end threats to its national security. Many of President Bush's top advisers had long supported an invasion of Iraq. As early as that October, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld suggested that military action against Iraq was possible. Government officials charged that Iraq was linked to terrorist groups like al-Qaida. They noted that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein had used chemical weapons and said he was trying to develop biological and nuclear weapons. President Bush gave his yearly State of the Union report to Congress in January two thousand two. He said some nations support terrorist organizations. He said the United States would not wait to be attacked by such groups. Instead, it would strike first at the countries that sheltered them. The president especially noted three nations as supporters of terror. He said North Korea, Iran and Iraq threatened the United States. PRESIDENT BUSH: "States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world.

By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger. They could provide these arms to terrorists, giving them the means to match their hatred."Iraq had been defeated in the Persian Gulf War of nineteen ninety-one. The United Nations ordered Iraq to destroy all development and supply centers for nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. The U.N. had sent teams of weapons inspectors to make sure Iraq was following orders. But since nineteen ninety-eight, Iraq had refused to permit U.N. weapons inspection teams into the country. President Bush and his administration believed Iraq was making or hiding weapons of mass destruction, known as WMDs. He said if the United Nations failed to force Iraq to disarm, the United States might launch a military attack against the country. Mister Bush began making his case to the international community for an invasion of Iraq in a speech to the U.N. Security Council in September, two thousand two. Then the president asked Congress to pass a resolution giving him power to use military force against Iraq. Congress approved the resolution in October. In November, Iraq agreed to permit the U.N. weapons inspectors to return. After more investigation, the leader of the inspection team reported to the U.N. in February, two thousand three. He said the team had found no evidence of WMDs. He also said Iraq was not cooperating with efforts to find out if suspected weapons had been destroyed and if weapons programs had been ended. In January, two thousand three, President Bush used his State of the Union speech to strengthen his case against Iraq.

He said British intelligence reported that Saddam Hussein had tried to buy uranium from Africa. Uranium can be used to make nuclear weapons. But several months later, the White House said the intelligence was false. The president wanted the U.N. to approve military force against Iraq. Britain and Spain also supported military force. They asked the Security Council to pass a resolution approving military action against Iraq. But some important members of the fifteen-member Security Council opposed such action. They included Germany, France and Russia. They said inspections should be increased. They said use of force should be used only as a last choice. The United States withdrew the resolution. The United States and Britain decided to invade Iraq without U.N. support. Most Americans supported the decision. But there was widespread international opposition. In February, millions of people around the world took part in anti-war protests in hundreds of cities. Some people argued that the United States would be violating international law by invading a nation that was not an immediate threat. Mister Bush said the war was being launched to prevent Saddam from supplying weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups that might attack the United States or other countries. He also argued that Saddam was an evil dictator who had ordered the killing of thousands of people and should be removed from power. On March seventeenth, Mister Bush told Saddam Hussein and his sons to leave Iraq or face military action.

Saddam rejected the demand. U.N. inspection teams left Iraq four days before the American-led invasion, even though they had requested more time to complete their job. Many international leaders, including U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, criticized the war. They said the weapons inspectors should have been given more time. On March twentieth, Iraqi time, air strikes by the United States and Britain began the effort called "Operation Iraqi Freedom." The United States said the war was meant to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism and free the Iraqi people. A number of other countries joined the war effort. The coalition quickly defeated the Iraqi military. On April ninth, United States forces took control of Baghdad. In a dramatic event on that day, Iraqis and American forces destroyed a large statue of Saddam Hussein in the capital. The allies controlled all major Iraqi cities. Saddam Hussein had disappeared into hiding. Another dramatic event took place on May first. President Bush landed in a plane onto the deck of the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln. Then he declared victory. PRESIDENT BUSH: "Thank you all very much. Admiral Kelly, Captain Card, officers and sailors of the USS Abraham Lincoln, my fellow Americans... Major combat operations in Iraq have ended. In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed."The government in Baghdad had fallen. But a deepening conflict in Iraq lay ahead.

American troops and an American inspection team searched Iraq for WMDs. But none were found. That led to accusations against President Bush. Critics of the war said the United States and Britain provided false evidence about Iraqi weapons programs and links to terrorists. They said Mister Bush accepted false or misleading intelligence because he wanted to invade Iraq. More severe critics said he knowingly used false intelligence. The United States turned its attention to rebuilding Iraq and establishing a new Iraqi government. The Coalition Provisional Authority was created as a temporary government in Iraq. President Bush replaced a general with State Department official Paul Bremer as head of the Authority. The United States remained in control of Iraq until a temporary Iraqi government could be formed. But establishing normal life in Iraq proved difficult. People rioted and stole things from government buildings, museums, banks and military storage centers. In many places there was little or no electric power, running water or waste removal. The Coalition Provisional Authority dismissed the Iraqi army and the government. Those people now had no jobs. The presence of foreigners in their country angered many Iraqis. Some denounced what they called the occupation force. Militants attacked coalition troops. They also attacked Iraqis and international organizations seen as cooperating with American forces. In some areas, longtime religious differences between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims became armed disputes. The invasion of Iraq was the most widely and closely reported war in military history. At the start of the war, as many as seven hundred reporters and photographers were living and traveling with the troops. Also, for the first time in history, troops on the front lines were able to provide direct reporting through Web logs, or blogs, they posted on the Internet. In December, two thousand three, United States forces captured Saddam Hussein hiding on a farm near Tikrit. Iraqi officials said he would be tried for crimes against the Iraqi people. But the declaration of an end to "major combat operations" and the capture of Saddam did not mean that peace would soon return to Iraq.

重点解析

1.nuclear weapons核武器
It is purely for self-defence that we have produced some nuclear weapons.
我们搞一点核武器完全是为了自卫@y[h%=@@K4Btnc&Jk。
2.military force武力
We are deploying military force in association with our allies in order to achieve clear but limited goals.
为了完成清晰而又有限的目标，我们正在与我们的欧洲同盟一道部署军事力量+9|rq+%e3u8。
3.Security Council安全理事会
But the UN Security Council has been debating whether North Korea should be punished.
但是联合国安全理事会正在讨论朝鲜是否应该受到惩罚6[0|8+_)WC+e&hrS~。
4.WMD大规模杀伤性武器
The Chinese have expressed their desire to stem the proliferation of missiles and WMD, and we are heartened by recent steps taken in the right direction.
中国人已经表态，将阻止导弹和大规模杀伤性武器的扩散，同时中方近期采取的一些正确措施也让我们感到鼓舞!TUY12R^fTgnumdD。
5.Secretary-General秘书长；总书记
The secretary-general said he hopes leaders of industrialized nations will be able to contain the crisis and find medium and long term measures to resolve it.
这位联合国秘书长说，他希望工业化国家的领导人将能够控制危机，并找到解决危机的中期和长期措施kxaa0N5ozlP8。

参考译文

今天我们为您讲述2003年3月的伊拉克战争h)V_NW+kI0。2001年9月11日，基地组织的伊斯兰恐怖分子袭击了纽约市的世贸中心以及华盛顿特区附近的五角大楼Zwo2K@k^fv=p,.NyljGn。袭击发生后，布什政府实施预防性战争政策，以结束国家安全威胁v,u,Vnjkxd.#C1t。一直以来，布什总统的许多高级顾问支持入侵伊拉克leAQaZPat5vN。早在10月，国防部长唐纳德•拉姆斯菲尔德就暗示对伊拉克采取军事行动是可能的T5|Sy-tWeO0rN+#O。政府官员指控伊拉克与基地组织等恐怖组织有关联5)BEGMkcXNg0g。他们指出，伊拉克领导人萨达姆•侯赛因使用了化学武器，并说他正在努力发展生物武器和核武器@lXAUS#w&xFe2y,PV3。2002年1月，布什总统向国会提交了年度国情咨文报告dH3~!eDuvMLcu*[。布什声称一些国家支持恐怖组织，他表示，美国不会坐以待毙HIO+u3zJ4(HTKKeY8g。相反，它会先发制人首先袭击那些庇护恐怖主义的国家(v,j~L^+|T#!grw。布什特别指出有三个国家支持恐怖主义，分别是北韩、伊朗和伊拉克，它们威胁着美国WyJmCx%c,ur。“这些国家以及他们的恐怖主义盟友，构成一个邪恶组织，武装起来威胁世界和平CIgr+fLU~xOW7xEmZ。这些组织通过寻求大规模杀伤性武器，威胁与日俱增wCp|Z@uJ-s-l5w#lYXA。他们可以向恐怖分子提供这些武器，进而给了它们报复的机会ygW3+#Ax6foCS。”1991年，伊拉克在波斯湾战争中战败yxv@;pb]LfouA39[。联合国命令伊拉克摧毁所有核武器、生物武器和化学武器的开发和供应中心G85I2*,z+eXv*。联合国已派出武器核查小组，以确保伊拉克执行命令%lVNi2Y0M+x;u。但自1998年以来，伊拉克一直拒绝允许联合国武器核查小组进入本国6l!Ms&auU0#NoG。布什总统和他的政府认为伊拉克正在制造或隐藏大规模杀伤性武器，即大规模杀伤性武器b&%wHxOJbYb6b9ALeVt~。布什表示，如果联合国未能迫使伊拉克解除武装，美国可能会对伊拉克发动军事攻击f]y[1hDpXD。

2002年9月，布什在联合国安理会的一次演讲中开始向国际社会表明他对入侵伊拉克的立场然后总统要求国会通过一项决议，授予他对伊拉克使用武力的权力Jn*8VBQ*f@_r[t。10月，国会通过了这项决议65m^9CWGsXX&3BpD1Nq9。11月，伊拉克同意让联合国武器核查人员返回@Zb;H5pyxiEBE。进一步调查之后，2003年2月，核查队的队长向联合国报告K|37o~%b@lAmm。他表示，研究小组没有发现大规模杀伤性武器的证据MusuaDsSHR。他还声称，伊拉克不配合可疑的武器是否被摧毁以及武器项目是否已经结束的调查-[Lwu[|r+4。2003年1月，布什总统利用国情咨文加强了对伊拉克的指控T*!C9iYvmrZOV[85I。他说，据英国情报处表示，萨达姆•侯赛因试图从非洲购买铀WPKMg|;8+o1|-U%W。铀可以用来制造核武器+-]ogj5^=-+。但几个月后，白宫表示情报错误CIV99oo6lw.Jx|E8~hkT。布什总统希望联合国批准对伊拉克使用武力，英国和西班牙也支持对伊拉克使用军事力量c;sv2dq=7qy。他们要求安全理事会通过一项决议，批准对伊拉克采取军事行动2HXq^#Li@bPZPWF&。但安理会15个成员国中的一些重要成员反对这种行动，包括德国、法国和俄罗斯，他们表示应该加大检查力度，使用武力只能作为最后的选择，美国撤回该决议e,0cqFdE^0LcIgd6-D]X。美国和英国决定在没有联合国支持的情况下入侵伊拉克0GgZl&B!Tz。大多数美国人支持这个决定，但国际上普遍反对RI9,5mD)w52-kf1fT__Z。2月，世界各地数以百万计的人参加了数百个城市的反战抗议活动z=!V!jCBSy。一些人认为，美国入侵一个不构成直接威胁的国家违反了国际法hH9l#LbfQda。布什声称，发动战争是为了防止萨达姆向可能袭击美国或其他国家的恐怖组织提供大规模杀伤性武器sa634,!6yX&aF7N|Y36。

他还认为，萨达姆是一个邪恶的独裁者，他下令杀害了数千人，应该被赶下台JdhsZsHvFSm(@s]^qT]Z。3月17日，布什告诉萨达姆•侯赛因和他的儿子们离开伊拉克，否则将面临军事行动X)_#D)IF-E59Vw。萨达姆拒绝了这一要求4-jJMFxv(phe,0-u&%n。联合国核查队离开伊拉克4天之后，美国领导入侵伊拉克，尽管联合国核查队要求更多时间完成核查工作ncf@8T*gvj5yeo,!%。包括联合国秘书长安南在内的许多国际领导人批评了这场战争dSUv*TE!4rLr,)。他们表示应该给武器核查人员更多的时间dRK*E~iY%R+9PV_。3月20日，伊拉克时间，美国和英国发动空袭开始了“伊拉克自由行动”(LVkyvYgz6。美国表示，这场战争的目的是解除伊拉克的大规模杀伤性武器，结束萨达姆•侯赛因对恐怖主义的支持，解放伊拉克人民~4Rjhp#5#JnIu-CDJd。其他一些国家也参加了战争L3;nmvS2L87t*a。联军很快击败了伊拉克军队，4月9日，美军控制了巴格达7sq[xazUT%。那天发生了戏剧性的一幕，伊拉克和美国军队在首都巴格达摧毁了萨达姆•侯赛因的大雕像bnfpU~rR4O4VPP@W。盟军控制了伊拉克所有的主要城市，萨达姆•侯赛因躲藏起来了Q*1WgqMNA3o0&+la9K%)。另一个戏剧性的事件发生在5月1日，布什总统乘坐飞机降落在林肯号航空母舰的甲板上，然后宣布胜利非常感谢大家，凯利将军、卡德上校、“林肯”号航母上的所有官兵、美国同胞们：伊拉克境内的主要战斗已经结束，美国和美国的盟国在伊拉克战争中已经取得了胜利C_HFOdax[04XaZ+AsH]。”巴格达政府倒台了，但伊拉克的冲突还在加剧^2hZms*&dXZPQm。美国军队和美国检查组在伊拉克搜寻大规模杀伤性武器kzlRpvV4GB;。但是没有找到任何杀伤性武器，对布什总统的指控纷至沓来#E(eq)w6bZ+,_QYHm1SH。

批评人士表示，美国和英国提供了有关伊拉克武器计划和与恐怖分子的虚假证据-f~p[#&r!@blRq。他们说布什接受了错误或误导的情报，因为他想入侵伊拉克GXRSCKRuhv]EwK2&。更严厉的批评人士表示布什故意使用虚假情报gN%8wQzezLz7]2M。美国将注意力转向重建伊拉克和建立新的伊拉克政府Tl7k_ABos=U_;Hxe。联盟驻伊拉克临时管理当局是在伊拉克成立的临时政府hmH(VVnmbte。布什总统任命国务院官员保罗•布雷默为该机构的负责人|#*h)8aqIyT。美国仍然控制着伊拉克，直至组建临时伊拉克政府0MCQ.Q!h_p6O2s]。但事实证明，让伊拉克人民重归正常生活是艰难的W6qS(d[Yl16。人们在政府大楼、博物馆、银行和军事储藏中心里闹事和偷窃yZoHr~erx=IqlO-m|^。许多地方少有、甚至没有电、自来水或者排污口T]~r~-hFfhL.Qq。联盟驻伊拉克临时管理当局解散伊拉克军队和政府eS5s.CoI@KcW&。现在这些人没有工作Im@A3ah|rWb。外来人士激怒了许多伊拉克人，一些人谴责了所谓的占领军oagOyumDXm=3^XN;。激进分子袭击了联军部队，还袭击了被视为与美军合作的伊拉克人和国际组织z8.V)zY.RUru&]。在一些地区，逊尼派和什叶派穆斯林之间长期存在的宗教分歧变成了武装争端;8nvCK)g&%jRH&P,l。伊拉克战争是军事史上报道最广泛和最为关注的战争;;MxVM5w+yj^8g_uM。战争开始时，多达700名记者和摄影师跟随军队生活=BL!l^z#R6!+@Y。此外，这是历史上第一次前线部队能够通过在互联网上发布的网络日志或博客提供直接报道ubM|g.[PiVWyO8213CL。2003年12月，美军在提克里特附近的一个农场抓获了萨达姆•侯赛因YwkH5qo;94(CfBzvAq。伊拉克当局表示，他将因对伊拉克人民犯下的罪行而接受审判T3X9R^0R(M。但是，宣布结束“重大作战行动”和抓获萨达姆并不意味着伊拉克将很快恢复和平TqP-*TkcQsfF。

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