VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):吉米·卡特赢得1976年总统大选
日期:2018-09-27 18:47

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Today, we tell about the presidential election of nineteen seventy-six. When Vice President Gerald Ford became president in nineteen seventy-four, he took office during a crisis. For the first time in American history, a president -- Richard Nixon -- had resigned. He resigned as a result of the case known as Watergate. It involved the cover-up of illegal activities. Officials in Richard Nixon's administration had lied about Watergate. They also had misled the public about the war in Vietnam. After Vietnam and Watergate, many Americans no longer believed their public officials. At this difficult time, Gerald Ford dealt with the public calmly. In one speech, for example, he said, "The state of the Union is not good."One political observer said President Ford brought respect back to the government. Yet just a little more than two years after Ford became president, American voters rejected him. In the presidential election of nineteen seventy-six, they chose the Democratic candidate, Jimmy Carter, instead. Why? One reason was that Ford had pardoned Nixon. He announced a presidential pardon for any crimes for which Nixon might have been responsible. This made many people angry. Another reason was that Ford refused to give federal money to New York and other cities with special needs.

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Many voters felt this showed that he was not concerned about poor people and their problems. Others believe that unemployment and inflation defeated Gerald Ford. He was not able to deal effectively with these problems during his short presidency. For these reasons, there was competition for the Republican Party nomination in nineteen seventy-six. Ford's chief opponent was Ronald Reagan, governor of California. The Democratic Party thought that voter anger about Watergate would help the Democratic candidate become president. Eleven Democrats campaigned for the nomination. Two well-known politicians did not campaign. But they said they would serve if no other candidate won the party's support. They were former Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Senator Edward Kennedy. One of the lesser-known candidates was the former governor of Georgia, Jimmy Carter. Political experts gave him little chance of winning the nomination, because most Democrats did not know him. Whenever his supporters talked about him, others always seemed to say, "Jimmy, who?"Carter used this problem to help win more recognition. Whenever he met voters, he would say, "Hello! I am Jimmy Carter, and I am running for president."People liked Jimmy Carter. Before becoming governor of Georgia, he had been a nuclear engineer and a peanut farmer. Again and again, he told people that he was not part of the established political power system in Washington.

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He also had strong religious beliefs. This appealed to a lot of Americans. Many voters supported Carter in the local Democratic primary elections before the party's nominating convention. His victory in the Florida primary was especially important. He defeated another southern politician, Governor George Wallace of Alabama. Carter represented what was called the "New South" in the United States. He made it clear that he opposed ideas of the "Old South". These included racial separation and mistreatment of black Americans. George Wallace spoke of creating a better life for both blacks and whites. Yet he had strongly defended racial separation for most of his political life. Many people remembered pictures of Governor Wallace at the University of Alabama in nineteen sixty-three. The pictures showed him blocking the door to prevent two young blacks from attending the school. The Republican primaries had mixed results for President Ford. In New Hampshire, he won only fifty-one percent of the vote. Ronald Reagan won forty-nine percent. It was a poor showing for a president in office. But in Massachusetts he got two votes for every one vote that Reagan got. Reporters said Ford and Reagan debated about issues that were not very important or interesting. The campaign did show, however, that Reagan was more conservative than Ford. For example, Reagan talked strongly about United States control of the Panama Canal. "We built it," he said. "We paid for it. And we are going to keep it." In his campaign speeches, Ford denounced extremism.

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It was clear he was speaking about Reagan. Ford and Reagan won almost the same amount of support in the Republican primaries. Yet many convention delegates remained undecided. This was a dangerous situation for the Republican Party. Party leaders did not want a fight over undecided votes at the nominating convention. Such disunity could damage the chances of the party's candidate against the Democratic candidate in the general election. The situation was similar in the Democratic Party. As support for Jimmy Carter increased, Democrats who did not like him began to say, "Anybody but Carter." But Carter was not to be stopped. He kept repeating that he did not have ties to groups that tried to influence government policies. He would be different, he said. And that sounded like what the people wanted. Carter won the Democratic primaries in Georgia, Alabama, and Indiana. The other candidates fell hopelessly behind. At the party convention, he was nominated on the first vote. In his acceptance speech, he repeated the line he had made famous: "I am Jimmy Carter. And I am running for president." Carter said there was a fear that America's best years were over. He said the nation's best was still to come.

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吉米·卡特

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The Democratic convention chose Walter Mondale, a senator from Minnesota, to be the party's vice presidential candidate. A month before the Republican Party convention, Ronald Reagan made a costly political mistake. He said that -- if he won the nomination -- he would want Senator Richard Schweiker of Pennsylvania to be the vice presidential candidate. Conservatives were angry, because Schweiker was a liberal Republican. Some political observers say this is why Reagan lost the nomination to President Ford. Ford won by one hundred-seventeen votes. Many of the delegates then wanted Reagan to be the party's vice presidential candidate. But Reagan was not interested. Instead, the nomination went to Senator Robert Dole of Kansas. The general campaign started in September nineteen seventy-six. In one speech, President Ford said, "The question in this campaign is not who has the better vision of America.

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The question is who will act to make the vision a reality."Political experts said that what happened during the next two months was uninteresting. One newspaper said the campaign left the voters feeling sleepy. Ford and Carter agreed to debate each other on television. Nobody had done that since Nineteen-Sixty, when Richard Nixon and John Kennedy held several television debates. Many people thought Ford did a little better than Carter in the first debate. In the second debate, however, President Ford made a mistake. He said the Soviet Union did not control eastern Europe -- and never would in a Ford administration. For some voters, the statement added to their belief that President Ford was not very intelligent. The third debate did not have a clear winner. Public opinion studies showed that many voters were still undecided. The race for the presidency was very close. Jimmy Carter won with fifty-one percent of the popular vote. President Ford won forty-eight percent. Two years before, most Americans had not known Jimmy Carter's name. Now, many of those same people had elected him the thirty-ninth president of the United States.

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重点解析

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1.racial separation 种族隔离
She protested racial separation at the hotels where she performed.
她表示抗议酒店,她演出的种族分离G3Y~lynwmEiqjye6;)[
2.political power system 政治权力系统
A political power system should be built up on its legitimacy to reach its stability.
任何政治权力系统都必须建立在权力合法性基础之上,方可得以稳定和巩固@+_*VXLKCdfoB;
3.presidential candidate 总统候选人
He said she never supported any particular presidential candidate.
他说她从未支持过任一总统候选人T[qE|=GQ-2L;uDP%#T
4.debated about 讨论关于
We debated about which train to take.
我们考虑乘坐哪趟火车M~.*#F0pwncHf6W~&
5.general election 大选,普选
So in advance of the voter registration deadline next week, and the General Election in May, think about what matters or doesn’t matter to you.
所以在下周截止的选民注册期限和五月举行的普选之前,好好考虑对你来说什么要紧什么不要紧U8a0#SnmW#@0Q,NergaC

参考译文

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今天,我们来谈谈1976年的总统选举#|2hhQ1#WM]v!nl。1974年,副总统杰拉尔德·福特担任总统时,美国处于危机中^]UaiLr]rDY1fXqk。理查德·尼克松辞职,这在美国历史上史无前例wa.e_zIsIKY~@VZta=.。起因是水门事件,它涉及掩盖非法活动|v|EmG8&X&t=#R。理查德·尼克松政府的官员在水门事件上撒了谎l@iK=3kg_mR&!#@q。在越南战争问题上还误导公众Y5OsN;A%qT6I!4。越南战争和水门事件之后,许多美国人不再相信他们的政府官员+9c%._P3YD。在这困难的时刻,杰拉尔德·福特沉着应对公众XSnt|eZ9--K,。例如,在一次演讲中,他说:“国情是不好的C~z)tAa;nX_D8K~jx。”一位政治观察员说,总统福特给政府带回了尊严BL^EhC5)blz。然而,就在福特成为总统两年多后,美国选民不承认他#k#mLKnDd)cG563-bQ~。1976年的总统选举中,他们选择了民主党候选人吉米·卡特,为什么呢?原因之一是福特赦免了尼克松o^f&okh2Xk。他宣布赦免总统尼克松可能犯下的任何罪行NbqCdFjp6^1;。这使许多美国人愤怒0tYBQ^l-Kf)o.B。另一个原因是福特拒绝向纽约和其他有特殊需要的城市提供联邦资金9n@#L7[@YFjQ=e。许多选民认为这表明他不关心穷人和他们的问题^uBvoaKc6V4T9t。其他人则认为,失业和通胀击败了杰拉尔德·福特349e7*29WW。福特在短暂的总统任期内无法有效地处理这些问题#hKuT3DtxF|CO。鉴于此,1976年,共和党的提名遭遇竞争|fuJo4RVk2TNdVar)u。福特的主要对手是加州州长罗纳德·里根7Obisswep0G[Swo。民主党认为,选民对水门事件的愤怒将有助于民主党候选人成为总统w3_w|Y)+0Y=。11名民主党人竞选提名,两位知名的政治家没有参加竞选7IiK4xK8#EG(Xr(。但他们表示,如果其他候选人没有赢得该党的支持,他们就会参选EC=W424k7_X.SWM^5Ss

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他们是前副总统休伯特·汉弗莱和参议员爱德华·肯尼迪MYF;KQ^F_qMK~;9MOa5O。其中一位不太知名的候选人是前乔治亚州州长吉米·卡特%T[Iu2qa^iL。政治专家认为他赢得提名的希望渺茫,因为大多数民主党人都不认识他Lr|Mev3q|vh~oZ1。每当他的支持者谈论他时,其他人似乎总是说:“吉米,谁?”卡特利用这个问题赢得了民众更多的认可x0n2e&AudbE.mr5。卡特每次会见选民都会说:“大家好!”我是吉米·卡特,我正在竞选总统3;JPbunXkvLHI_bz4]。”人们喜欢吉米·卡特osuE3Vwl7+k6Yt)。在成为乔治亚州州长之前,他曾是一名核物理工程师和种花生的农场主fh-.0wp@-yQ9ruM^x。他再三告诉人们,他不是华盛顿既定的政治权力体系的一分子AWTXY,PqFc5.1。他也有强烈的宗教信仰,这吸引了很多美国人LZm%^WvvKr2[D],pH。在民主党提名大会前的地方民主党初选中,卡特赢得了许多选民的支持oW~dTwQVW@MG[h)!Pox。他在佛罗里达初选中的胜利尤其重要vr&qcvwnouQjd.18k。他击败了另一位南方政治家——阿拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士_+FpGSJA-+l_Z6N;=。卡特代表的是美国所谓的“新南方”gz[sv*FAq|y。他明确表示反对“旧南方”的观点2o2GI.mqK_xHC1.H[。其中包括种族隔离和虐待美国黑人&1rY35J,Pa。乔治·华莱士谈到为黑人和白人创造更好的生活|nC7qpTG1OI。然而,在他政治生涯的大部分时间里,他都极力为种族隔离辩护JWJK[K0K#l

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许多人记得1963年阿拉巴马大学的华莱士州长的照片~+jHUxtN#f。照片显示,他挡住了门,阻止两名年轻黑人进入学校*57-icAHIPW6。福特总统的共和党初选结果喜忧参半+Vf_JXY-XHb6ee!^^。在新罕布什尔州,他只赢得了51%的选票,罗纳德·里根赢得49%的选票|J8t#UglsSBbA8_J&g。对于一位在职的总统来说,选举结果很糟糕&M|F,U8|ZZxL。但是在麻萨诸塞州,他得到两票,而里根得到一票ZC_sNhBuOzj2P^|z#yS。记者说,福特和里根就一些不太重要或不太有趣的问题进行了辩论_9uQ7hE.|PDi|LV。然而,竞选活动确实表明,里根比福特保守^MXKgHg[dAGjOciK。例如,里根强硬地谈到美国对巴拿马运河的控制2UY&e!d&w1&m5id。“我们修建了它,”他说p(Jk!0Xuh6!ab;dd1%。“我们为此付了钱,我们会保有它X[q|NqRxVi~xtD。”在他的竞选演说中,福特谴责了极端主义,很明显,他是在说里根-eck+v4aZBoA=f1a%%。在共和党初选中,福特和里根获得的支持几乎相同fAlP=PCKacH[oi。然而,许多大会代表仍然犹豫不决^Al7Ej@.SY]*O7^z,。这对共和党来说形势很危险0MiA5aWTN(;A(!74-a#;。党的领袖们不想在提名大会的未决票上展开斗争,这种不团结可能会破坏大选中该党候选人击败民主党候选人的机会xCAAaa0si;#)eR。民主党面临的情况也类似cEBlwX%ecUt-G1&-3U。随着支持吉米·卡特人数的增加,不喜欢他的民主党人开始说:“除了卡特,任何人都行Wy%zXc7]o.。”但卡特没有被打压下去,他不断重申,他与那些试图影响政府政策的组织没有联系aCqSYqJneDr,o

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他说,他会有所不同,这听起来像是民众想要的5-c~14.i4Aaz=gC。卡特在乔治亚州、阿拉巴马州和印第安纳州赢得民主党初选hiGl(3S!EGAxKCR!+。其他候选人无望地落在后面-aL2-d|uA!p4GNPYr^=k。党的大会上,第一轮投票中卡特就获得了提名770V2[nrc=^2Y[x。在他的获奖感言中,他重复了那段著名的话:“我是吉米·卡特,我正在竞选总统nhWktZt5t~L~*TmSm。”卡特说,人们担心美国最好的时光已经过去ORyj#BTtd-p,pr(k。他说,美国最好的时代仍将到来0@SejWIgP96qX*。民主党大会推选了来自明尼苏达州的参议员沃尔特·蒙代尔作为该党的副总统候选人oSXEUi)@q^P*6=S+。在共和党大会召开前一个月,罗纳德·里根犯了一个政治错误,他为此付出的代价是极大的jWv%v|p(zt。里根说,如果自己赢得提名的话——他将想要宾夕法尼亚州参议员理查德·希外克作副总统候选人]x]bk@0x_4。保守派很生气,因为施韦克是一位自由派共和党人kzGCqs(4EeB#0(|=@N。一些政治观察员说,这就是里根在总统提名中输给福特总统的原因yx@M1#pT~SUB0。福特以117票获胜ADRg6H*P1o~;。当时,许多代表希望里根成为该党的副总统候选人L3aj9b]7rov0。但里根对此并不感兴趣,这个提名落到了堪萨斯参议员罗伯特·多尔的头上+&Ie]F4)5cALDyL=s

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1976年9月大选开始了|50)thvc9^。在一次演讲中,福特总统说:“这次竞选的问题不是谁提出的美国愿景更好,而是谁将采取行动将这一愿景变成现实e8*%wm6&wXAJ!;。”政治专家说,接下来两个月发生的事情没什么意思*qVgpcNoQ.t#5UFyN(。一家报纸说,竞选活动让选民们昏昏欲睡!Y~|baH~R6Ix7z。福特和卡特同意在电视上互相辩论|JCj*yK(uN8,。自1960年理查德·尼克松和约翰·肯尼迪举行过几场电视辩论以来,还没有人这么做过OHGa#2h=KE,f。许多人认为在第一次辩论中福特比卡特好一点J(&IfCWcR3TTuhu6。然而,在第二次辩论中,总统福特犯了一个错误tt9AS+(1=[Ugi(4。他说,苏联没有控制东欧,福特政府也绝不会这么做4JzRU0#WfvC9k4nb7EUc。对某些选民来说,这份声明增加了他们的信念——福特总统非常不明智uO68U,2buwvo。第三场辩论没有明显的赢家b)30+KlHtoJ+。民意调查显示,许多选民仍然犹豫不决fqqs|x@qORK8o20X!YTi。总统竞选非常接近,吉米·卡特以51%的普选选票获胜,yQ0X=759mJRd+。福特总统赢得48%的选票W2n-9I.%)HmZ。两年前,大多数美国人还不知道吉米·卡特的名字,如今,这些人中的大多数都选他为美国第39任总统wcxxDGWs=!E,

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