(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Today, we tell about life in the United States during the nineteen sixties. The nineteen sixties began with the election of the first president born in the twentieth century -- John Kennedy. For many Americans, the young president was the symbol of a spirit of hope for the nation. When Kennedy was murdered in nineteen sixty-three, many felt that their hopes died, too. This was especially true of young people, and members and supporters of minority groups. A time of innocence and hope soon began to look like a time of anger and violence. More Americans protested to demand an end to the unfair treatment of black citizens.
More protested to demand an end to the war in Vietnam. And more protested to demand full equality for women. By the middle of the nineteen sixties, it had become almost impossible for President Lyndon Johnson to leave the White House without facing protesters against the war in Vietnam. In March of nineteen sixty-eight, he announced that he would not run for another term. In addition to President John Kennedy, two other influential leaders were murdered during the nineteen sixties. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior was shot in Memphis, Tennessee in nineteen sixty-eight. Several weeks later, Robert Kennedy--John Kennedy's brother--was shot in Los Angeles, California. He was campaigning to win his party's nomination for president.
Their deaths resulted in riots in cities across the country. The unrest and violence affected many young Americans. The effect seemed especially bad because of the time in which they had grown up. By the middle nineteen fifties, most of their parents had jobs that paid well. They expressed satisfaction with their lives. They taught their children what were called "middle class" values. These included a belief in God, hard work, and service to their country. Later, many young Americans began to question these beliefs. They felt that their parents' values were not enough to help them deal with the social and racial difficulties of the nineteen sixties. They rebelled by letting their hair grow long and by wearing strange clothes.
Their dissatisfaction was strongly expressed in music. Rock-and-roll music had become very popular in America in the nineteen fifties. Some people, however, did not approve of it. They thought it was too sexual. These people disliked the rock-and-roll of the nineteen sixties even more. They found the words especially unpleasant. The musicians themselves thought the words were extremely important. As singer and song writer Bob Dylan said, "There would be no music without the words," Bob Dylan produced many songs of social protest. He wrote anti-war songs before the war in Vietnam became a violent issue. One was called Blowin' in the Wind. In addition to songs of social protest, rock-and-roll music continued to be popular in America during the nineteen sixties. The most popular group, however, was not American. It was British -- the Beatles -- four rock-and-roll musicians from Liverpool.
That was the Beatles' song I Want to Hold Your Hand. It went on sale in the United States at the end of nineteen sixty-three. Within five weeks, it was the biggest-selling record in America. Other songs, including some by the Beatles, sounded more revolutionary. They spoke about drugs and sex, although not always openly. "Do your own thing" became a common expression. It meant to do whatever you wanted, without feeling guilty. Five hundred thousand young Americans "did their own thing" at the Woodstock music festival in nineteen sixty-nine. They gathered at a farm in New York State. They listened to musicians such as Jimi Hendrix and Joan Baez, and to groups such as The Who and Jefferson Airplane. Woodstock became a symbol of the young peoples' rebellion against traditional values. The young people themselves were called "hippies." Hippies believed there should be more love and personal freedom in America.
In nineteen sixty-seven, poet Allen Ginsberg helped lead a gathering of hippies in San Francisco. No one knows exactly how many people considered themselves hippies. But twenty thousand attended the gathering. Another leader of the event was Timothy Leary. He was a former university professor and researcher. Leary urged the crowd in San Francisco to "tune in and drop out". This meant they should use drugs and leave school or their job. One drug that was used in the nineteen sixties was lysergic acid diethylamide, or L-S-D. L-S-D causes the brain to see strange, colorful images. It also can cause brain damage. Some people say the Beatles' song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds was about L-S-D.As many Americans were listening to songs about drugs and sex, many others were watching television programs with traditional family values. These included The Andy Griffith Show and The Beverly Hillbillies.
At the movies, some films captured the rebellious spirit of the times. These included Doctor Strangelove and The Graduate. Others offered escape through spy adventures, like the James Bond films. Many Americans refused to tune in and drop out in the nineteen sixties. They took no part in the social revolution. Instead, they continued leading normal lives of work, family, and home. Others, the activists of American society, were busy fighting for peace, and racial and social justice. Women's groups, for example, were seeking equality with men. They wanted the same chances as men to get a good education and a good job. They also demanded equal pay for equal work. A widely popular book on women in modern America was called The Feminine Mystique. It was written by Betty Friedan and published in nineteen sixty-three. The idea known as the feminine mystique was the traditional idea that women have only one part to play in society. They are to have children and stay at home to raise them.
In her book, Mizz Friedan urged women to establish professional lives of their own. That same year, a committee was appointed to investigate the condition of women. It was led by Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a former first lady. The committee's findings helped lead to new rules and laws. The nineteen sixty-four civil rights act guaranteed equal treatment for all groups. This included women. After the law went into effect, however, many activists said it was not being enforced. The National Organization for Women -- NOW -- was started in an effort to correct the problem. The movement for women's equality was known as the women's liberation movement. Activists were called "women's libbers." They called each other "sisters." Early activists were usually rich, liberal, white women. Later activists included women of all ages, women of color, rich and poor, educated and uneducated. They acted together to win recognition for the work done by all women in America.
重点解析
1.minority group 少数群体，少数群
The Tea Party proved itself, even if a minority group, to be organized both politically and monetarily, which allowed the group to effect change in the 2010 election.
虽然只是一个少数群体，但茶党已经证明了其在政治和资金方面的组织性，使得该团体能够改变2010年选举进程。
2. In addition to 除…之外
So what should we do to promote peace, in addition to the proposals mentioned above?
那么，除了上述提到的方案外，我们应该采取什么行动来促进和平呢？
3. Rock-and-roll 摇滚乐；摇滚舞
But here is the problem with that view: it is actually no sillier to assert the right to rock-and-roll or ice cream than to assert the right to healthcare or education.
以上的辩护问题在于：主张摇滚乐权和冰淇淋权，与主张医疗保障权和受教育权相比，事实上并没有本质的差别。
4. approve of 赞成
Or what if I’m saving for a goal that my employer doesn’t approve of?
或者如果我正在为一个上司并不赞成的目标进行储蓄，又会发生什么？
5. National Organization for Women 全国妇女组织
Terry O'Neill, president of the National Organization for Women, says the time to see women represented on US currency is now.
国家妇女组织主席特里·奥尼尔表示，现在正是再次见到女性出现在美元上的时机。
参考译文
今天，我们为您讲述20世纪60年代的美国生活。20世纪60年代初，美国首位出生于20世纪的候选人——约翰·肯尼迪当选总统。对许多美国人来说，这位年轻的总统象征着国家的希望。随着1963年肯尼迪被杀，许多人觉得他们的希望也随之破灭。这种想法在年轻人、少数族裔和少数族裔权益的支持者中尤其强烈。一段纯真和希望的岁月很快被愤怒和暴力所吞噬。更多的美国人参加抗议活动，要求结束黑人的不平等待遇。停止越南战争，实现妇女完全平等。20世纪60年代中期，约翰逊任职美国总统时，白宫外面几乎天天都有反对越战的示威活动。1968年3月，肯尼迪宣布将不再竞选下一届总统。20世纪60年代，除约翰·肯尼迪总统之外，还有另外两位有影响力的领导人也被杀害。
1968年，民权领袖马丁·路德·金在田纳西州孟菲斯被枪杀。几周后，约翰·肯尼迪的弟弟罗伯特·肯尼迪在加州洛杉矶被枪杀。当时，他正在竞选赢得党内总统候选人提名。这些人的遇刺导致美国全国各地的城市发生暴动。骚乱和暴力冲突影响了许多美国年轻人。因为成长在动荡的年代而对他们造成的影响尤其恶劣。20世纪50年代中期，大多数父母的工作待遇还不错。他们对生活感到满意，教导孩子所谓的“中产阶级”价值观。包括信仰上帝，努力工作，为国家服务。后来，许多年轻美国人开始质疑这些价值观。他们认为父母的观念不足以帮助他们应对上世纪60年代的社会和种族问题。于是，他们开始反抗，他们修着长发，穿奇装异服，他们在音乐中抒发强烈的不满20世纪50年代，摇滚乐在美国兴起。然而，有些人不喜欢这种音乐，他们觉得这种音乐里有太多关于性的内容。这些人对20世纪60年代的摇滚乐嗤之以鼻。歌词内容特别让人反感音乐人认为这些歌词极为重要。正如歌手兼歌曲作家鲍勃·迪伦所说：“没有歌词就谈不上音乐。”鲍勃·迪伦创作了许多反应社会抗议的歌曲。越战引发暴力问题前，他写了一些反战歌曲其中一首歌叫《在风中飘荡》。
除了社会抗争歌曲外，其它内容的摇滚乐也继续风靡60年代的美国。然而，最受欢迎的群体不是美国人。而是来自英国利物浦的四人乐队──甲壳虫。他们的歌曲——我想握住你的手，受到大众喜爱。1963年底，该歌曲开始在美国发行出售。五周内，高居美国唱片榜榜首。包括甲壳虫乐队歌曲在内的其它一些歌曲具有更强的革命性歌词或直白或隐含地涉及毒品和性。"do your own thing"成为一个时髦的说法。意思是我行我素，我走我路，也就是说做自己想做的事，不用觉得有罪恶感。1969年，伍德斯托克音乐节上，50万名美国年轻人就在武德斯托克音乐节上展现了真我的风采。他们聚集在纽约州的农场。聆听吉米·亨德里克斯和琼·贝兹等音乐家的音乐，也听了“谁人”乐队和“杰佛逊飞机”乐队的演唱。伍德斯托克成为年轻人反抗传统价值观的象征。这些年轻人称自己为“嬉皮士”。他们坚信美国需要更多的爱和个人自由。1967年，诗人艾伦·金斯堡在旧金山领导了嬉皮士大集会。没有人确切地知道有多少人把自己看成是嬉皮士。不过有两万人参加了此次聚会。蒂莫西·利里是此次活动的另一位领导人，他曾是大学教授和研究员。
他号召参加旧金山嬉皮士集会的人们都“进来和退学这意味着他们应该吸毒，离开学校或辞职。20世纪60年代一种很流行的毒品是麦角酸二乙基酰胺。它是一种迷幻剂，能让吸毒的人看到怪异，色彩缤纷的影像，同时也可能造成脑损伤。有人说甲壳虫乐队的歌曲《缀满钻石天空下的露西》实际指的就是麦角酸二乙基酰胺。许多美国人在听着关于毒品和性的歌曲时，也有许多美国人在观看具有传统家庭价值观的电视节目。其中包括安迪·格里菲斯秀和贝弗利山人。而在电影方面，一些影片抓住了当时人们的反叛精神，其中包括《奇爱博士》和《毕业生》。另外一些电影则通过描写间谍的传奇来让人们暂时忘掉现实，如詹姆斯邦德电影。20世纪60年代，许多美国人拒绝吸毒和退学辞职。他们没有参与社会革命。相反，他们继续上下班，过着家庭生活。另一些人是美国社会的活动分子，他们忙于为和平、种族和社会正义而战。例如，妇女团体正在寻求与男子平等。她们希望获得良好教育和与男性一样的机会。她们还要求同工同酬。“女性的神话”是描述当代美国妇女状况的一本著名畅销书。作者是贝蒂·弗里丹，这本书于1963年出版。所谓的“女性神话”是指女性在社会中只能扮演一个角色的想法。
而这个角色就是生孩子，在家里照顾孩子。弗里丹在她的书中敦促女性建立自己的职业生活。同年，美国政府成立了一个专门调查妇女社会状况的委员会由前第一夫人——埃莉诺·罗斯福领导。帮助政府出台新的法律法规。1964年的民权法案保证了所有社会团体的平等待遇。其中包括妇女。然而，该法生效后，许多活动人士表示，该法并未得到执行。为了纠正这一问题，现在成立了全国妇女组织。这场争取两性平等的运动被称为妇女解放运动活动分子被称为“妇女解放运动者”，她们自己则以姐妹相称。早期的妇女解放运动者大多是富有、思想开放的白人妇女。后来，不同年龄、肤色、收入状况和教育水平的女性都加入了这个运动他们共同努力，以赢得人们对美国所有女性工作的认可。
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