VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):杜鲁门总统执政
日期:2018-08-06 19:52

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

THE MAKING OF A NATION -- a program in Special English by the Voice of America.
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The surrender of Japan in August nineteen forty-five ended the Second World War. Americans looked to their new president, Harry Truman of the state of Missouri, to lead them into a new period of peace. No one expected President Truman to be as strong a leader as Franklin Roosevelt had been. And at first, they were right. Truman had one problem after another during his first months in the White House. Truman's first big problem was the economy. In the days after the war ended, almost two million Americans lost their jobs as arms factories closed. Americans everywhere worried about what would happen next. Only a few years before, the nation had suffered through the worst economic crisis in American history. No one wanted to return to the closed banks, hungry children, and other sad memories of the Great Depression.

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In some ways, the economy did better than experts hoped. The gross national product dropped only a small amount. Many Americans still had money they had saved during the war. And Congress passed a law to help people to keep their jobs. The situation could have been much worse than it was. However, the economy also could have been better -- much better. Suddenly, almost overnight, the price of everything began to rise. Clothes that cost five or six dollars yesterday now cost ten to fifteen dollars. Used automobile tires sold for the surprisingly high price of twenty dollars. President Truman tried to stop the increases through a special price control agency that had been created during the war. However, people by the thousands refused to follow the government price control rules. Instead, they set their own prices for goods. Store owners would tell government officials that they were still obeying the price rules. But often they charged whatever they wanted for goods. A meat salesman, for example, might say there was no good meat that day. But for three dollars extra, he would suddenly find a thick piece of meat to sell. A car salesman would sell his cars at the controlled price. But he might insist that the buyers also buy his dog for five hundred dollars. And his dog would return home that night.

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It was not just store owners who were charging more and refusing to obey government price rules. It was also the woman who rented a house to a young family...the farmer selling food...and finally, most importantly, it was organized labor. President Truman had always been a friend of labor unions. But during the first months of his administration, he became involved in a fierce struggle with coal miners and railroad workers. The first sign of trouble came in September nineteen forty-five. A group of workers closed down automobile factories at the Ford Company. Then, workers at the General Motors auto company went on strike. Soon there were strikes everywhere. Workers went on strike in the oil industry, the clothing industry, the wood-cutting industry and the electrical industry. The strikes made Truman angry. He believed the striking workers were threatening the economy and security of the United States.

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He got even angrier when representatives of striking steel and railroad workers came to the White House and refused to accept a compromise wage offer."You are crazy," Truman told the union leader, "if you think I am going to sit here and let you stop this whole country." Truman ordered government forces to take over the railroads and the coal mines. And within a short time, the striking coal miners returned to work. However, the president had less success with the railroad workers. He became so angry with them that he asked Congress to give him the power to draft all striking rail workers into the armed forces. The rail strike finally ended. But millions of Americans lost faith in Truman's ability to lead the country, to bring people together, and end disputes peacefully. By late nineteen forty-six, most Americans believed that the man in the White House did not know what he was doing. Truman seemed weak and unable to control events.

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Union members disliked him because of his violent opposition to the coal and rail strikes. Farmers opposed Truman because of the administration's effort to keep meat prices low. Conservatives did not trust the reforms that Truman promised in his speeches. And liberal Democrats watched with worry as many old advisers of Franklin Roosevelt left the government because they could not work well with Truman. In November, nineteen forty-six, the people voted in congressional and state elections. The results showed they were not satisfied with Truman and the Democratic Party. Republicans won control of both houses of Congress for the first time in eighteen years. And Republicans were elected governor in twenty-five states. The election was a serious defeat for the Democrats. But it was a disaster for Truman. Some members of his party even called on him to resign. Few people gave Truman much chance of winning a second term in the White House. However, Harry Truman began to change in the months that followed. He started speaking with more strength and firmness. He showed more understanding of the powers of the presidency. And in matters of foreign policy, he began to act more like a president. This was especially true in Truman's reaction to Soviet aggression in Germany.

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杜鲁门总统

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Truman wanted to rebuild Germany, as well as the other countries of Western Europe. His administration worked closely with west European leaders to rescue their broken economies through the Marshall Plan. But the Soviets did not want to see Germany rebuild, at least not so quickly. So at first, they flooded Germany with extra German currency in an effort to destroy the value of the German mark. They walked out of economic conferences. And finally, in early nineteen forty-eight, they blocked all the roads to Berlin to try to cut off the city from the western powers. The Soviet actions were a direct threat to the west. Truman had three difficult choices. If he did nothing, the world would think the United States was weak and unable to stop Soviet aggression. If he fought the blockade with armed force, he might start a third world war. But there was another choice. That was to fly supplies to the city. The American military commander in Germany proposed the idea of dropping thousands of kilograms of food, fuel, and other goods to the people of Berlin by parachute. Not just once, but every day, as long as the Russians continued their blockade. It would be a difficult job.

West Berlin was home to two-and-a-half-million people. No one had ever tried to supply so large a city by air. Large C forty-seven transport airplanes would have to take off every three-and-a-half-minutes all through the day and night, every day, to supply the people of Berlin with enough food. The people of Berlin gave needed support from the ground. More than twenty thousand Berliners worked day and night to build an extra landing field for the American airplanes. It was not long before it became clear that the American air rescue would succeed. West Berlin would remain free of Soviet control. The Russians soon understood this fact, too. In May of nineteen forty-nine, almost one year after they had started their blockade, they ended it. The crisis in Berlin changed the way many Americans saw their president. Harry Truman no longer seemed so weak or unsure of himself. Instead, he was acting as a leader who could take an active part inworld affairs. Truman's popularity increased. However, most Americans did not expect him to win the presidential election in nineteen forty-eight. Almost everyone believed that the Republican candidate would capture the office. The election campaign that year turned out to be one of the most exciting and surprising in the entire history of the nation. That nineteen forty-eight election will be our story next week.
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You have been listening to THE MAKING OF A NATION, a program in Special English by the Voice of America. Your narrators have been Harry Monroe and Rich Kleinfeldt. Our program was written by David Jarmul.

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重点解析

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1.republican共和主义者
He has buttered up the Republican minority in Congress, and they have gushed about how nice it is to work with him.
他甜言蜜语讨好国会中少数派的共和党人;而他们则滔滔不绝地讲,能和奥巴马共事是多么美好C[dy%gEkJ6ud
2.firmness坚定;坚固
He was a man of intelligence and of firmness of will.
他是个聪明而又意志坚定的人G]DfCF=WU2rUSdj
3.democrat民主党人;民主主义者
He was also, people believed at the time, a democrat.
人们当时还相信,他还是一个民主主义者E8ypQe[~)AeC,
4.dispute辩论;争吵
Mother interposed in the dispute between my brother and me.
母亲介入了我与哥哥之间的争论_B)#5gFs5vcNn
5.compromise妥协,和解;折衷
Compromise makes for success in negotiations.
妥协有助于谈判的成功TG)NbQw7HaI4&Mi,q

参考译文

《建国史话》——VOA慢速英语节目fqi)QTVb+^mA^6
1945年8月,日本投降,第二次世界大战结束YzTQ=k&Mbpa-Yi!j。美国人期待他们的新总统,密苏里州的哈里•杜鲁门带领他们走入新的和平&#Oh0fJSIkLh9A。没有人预料到杜鲁门总统会像富兰克林•罗斯福那样强大,起初他们的想法是正确的XsJiFUU!Nm3tAVN。入住白宫的头几个月,杜鲁门遇到了一个又一个难题,首大难题是经济z&bFZ5sC+8B,w.MsZe。战争结束后,军工厂关闭致使将近200万美国人失业KP9~=fSo~8%h+@tcYc。各地的美国人都担心接下来会如何#~j(Y&j|pbnRsWuF。就在几年前,美国经历了史上最严重的经济危机(&),e^txGcVd。没有人想再一次经历银行倒闭,儿童忍饥挨饿,以及其他有关大萧条的悲伤回忆]XiShs-(!dvSbS-0。在某些方面,经济表现比专家预期的要好,国民生产总值只下降了一小部分Mih@CW4J*2sBr4Xg。许多美国人仍然在战争期间攒下了钱,国会通过立法来帮助人们保住工作rnWcxg^wSRukPT-V4JJ。情况可以一直糟糕下去Ng1v[8](dg0。然而,经济也本可以好转——好得多(S]76z;03Ys。突然间,几乎一夜之间,所有东西的价格都开始上涨9Q%&+v=Yr+Q~]r,6。昨天五六美元的衣服现在要花十到十五美元GABLXf5sDNAuAT8。二手汽车轮胎的价格惊人,高达20美元WyRa82o8&Zy.KD]
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杜鲁门总统试图在战争期间建立特殊的价格管制机构来阻止价格上涨J!morqegX]dPjn。然而,成千上万的人拒绝遵守政府的价格控制规则,相反,商品由自己定价R,ZA.;c.N4vD。店主会告诉政府官员,他们仍然遵守价格规则,但是他们经常给商品任意定价fAx|OCX&ioW。例如,卖肉的人可能会说当天没有好肉=~T!BuPV-Ig。但如果多花3美元,会突然找到一块好肉i;ba.tThFh)PvUP66v5。汽车推销员会按管制价格出售汽车,但他可能也会坚持要求买家花五百美元买他的狗o-8#txeBDtH。那天晚上他的狗会回家;wkCLoysXvT。要价高、拒绝遵守政府价格规则的不只是商店老板,还有出租房子给年轻家庭的女......卖粮食的农民......最重要的是这是工会组织的;uw]xc~%u+bY0c^。杜鲁门总统一直和工会关系较好-GXdiQ=-7M#I。但在执政的头几个月里,他参与了与煤矿工人和铁路工人的激烈斗争[v0]heiXzLhc1gQ#PV+.。首次动乱发生在1945年9月,一群工人关闭了福特公司的汽车厂WB]f3ufxG)l。接着,通用汽车公司的工人开始罢工,很快,各地都罢工事件络绎不绝WN6XV3wtt,4ktOue0&#。石油业、制衣业、伐木业和电气业的工人都罢工7C^#Be1X;A。罢工激怒了杜鲁门,他认为罢工工人正在威胁美国的经济和安全%GN%exoVrck*Ep~。当罢工的钢铁和铁路工人代表来到白宫,拒绝接受妥协的工资提议时,杜鲁门更加愤怒wF](;7UYFsl3lfwOB&。“你疯了,”杜鲁门对工会领袖说,“你以为我会让你摧毁整个国家(Pu5^5bV~vxkS。”杜鲁门命令政府军队接管铁路和煤矿,不久,罢工的煤矿工人又重新开始工作DK0sOSmR|7d。然而,此举在铁路工人中却收效甚微)]l%&ut+pr(DSJw。杜鲁门对此非常生气,因此他要求国会授权让他将所有罢工的铁路工人征召入伍Uk(O##+wk;.*W。铁路罢工终于结束Z(tc9f)6&TQj%(jI。但数百万美国人对杜鲁门领导国家、团结人民、和平解决争端的能力失去了信心D&.+jt91ahfr,gqEoS

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1946年底,大多数美国人认为白宫里的那个人不知道自己在做什么Vezdlnv)LXG|s(。杜鲁门似乎很软弱,无法控制事态XtZlFHst|Th。因为他强烈反对煤矿和铁路罢工,所以工会成员不待见他oGYA(GQd=|-。农民反对杜鲁门,因为政府努力将肉价格保持在低水平v.[pM+fSWMbX。保守派不相信杜鲁门在演讲中承诺的改革4Oh=l1C0u#3[-X[k。富兰克林•罗斯福的许多老顾问因与杜鲁门不和而离开政府,自由民主党对此忧心忡忡MM|ZzM@X31m-V0vHo。1946年11月,人们在国会和州进行选举投票&n8f*.+v~g*IzV1z@DYD。结果显示,他们对杜鲁门和民主党并不满意zSC~O21MrGEt%E。18年来共和党首次赢得了国会两院的控制权bXoc)GZlwDVz0XC。共和党当选为25个州的州长(7i3G!+7slfll。此次选举对民主党来说是一次惨痛的失败,但对杜鲁门来说是一场灾难,他的一些党内成员甚至要求他下台D&dq+ML|wqI3,+i+Ky6。给杜鲁门在白宫第二次任职机会的人少之又少Jo;zKeqD3yr。然而,接下来的几个月里杜鲁门开始改变,说话开始更加坚定有力,他对总统的权力有了更多的认知SPO|LTqG5d*Z

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在外交政策方面,他开始表现得更像一名总统[xwiEFxsIJJrqZLF@w@)。尤其从杜鲁门对苏联入侵德国的反应中可以看出来We@.I8ps@yz;1y;k。杜鲁门想振兴德国,也想重建西欧其他国家k2UX,|UvJ[&。杜鲁门政府与西欧领导人密切合作,通过马歇尔计划振兴德国经济jlJi;_%XE;Ruk。但苏联不希望德国复兴,至少不要那么快复兴AtbJNHn@q,C。起初,他们向德国投入更多的德国货币,试图破坏德国马克的价值LF^hT_elFzW32v。他们退出了经济会议d=c&Cn]P6OVNTU。最终,1948年初,他们封锁了通往柏林的所有道路,试图切断柏林与西方列强的一切联系V[D+eo9daJLdf6g5Gnp。苏联的行为对西方构成直接威胁,杜鲁门面临三个艰难的选择gR93&&FlWCT_。如果杜鲁门什么都不做,世界会认为美国软弱无能,无法阻止苏联的侵略,4,&ZI,Fb7!L。如果他使用武力进行封锁,可能发动第三次世界大战,但还有另一个选择,即向城市运送物资Lpn2=eZSbhRDSqDW*。美国在德国的军事指挥官提出通过降落伞的方式将数千公斤的食物、燃料,以及将其它物品运送至柏林GG4Jz|8rQmBbFr4!c。不只是运送一次,而是每天都要运送,只要俄国继续封锁idqoq=*+NIj~x。这将是一项艰巨的任务,西柏林人口达250万,通过航空运输的方式给如此大的城市供应物资史无前例,Ky5,9Fk~EqT=l97CyT(。大型运输飞机C47每天要不分昼夜每隔三分半钟起飞一次,为柏林人民提供足够的食物,柏林人民在陆地上给予支持0jYar37S~if。两万多名柏林人夜以继日地为美国飞机建造额外的着陆场地Ioz_9eZ3RBrqD,]C*;B。不久,人们清楚地认识到,美国的空中救援将会成功,西柏林将持续摆脱苏联的控制A0b6f@S]N^dA7+a7Wd_。俄国人也很快明白了这个事实,1949年5月,开始封锁将近一年后,俄国结束了封锁&!MC#H_oy;WCw&Z。柏林危机改变了许多美国人对总统的看法k)Iz;uMZbWe。哈里•杜鲁门(Harry Truman)似乎不那么软弱或不自信了zf%4AsBL@i(2hQ)D]。相反,他能够积极参与世界事务e(GzChtVg%=j8EKPNNcz。杜鲁门的声望增加,然而,大多数美国人并不期望他在1948年赢得总统选举n^kGLMbYWNS6zr%。几乎人人都相信共和党候选人会赢得总统职位J1p@I1j-AeGz-_wWR3。那一年的竞选活动成为美国历史上最激动人心和最令人惊讶的竞选活动之一T(h#QA1^70lBmh。下周我们将为您讲述1948年选举的故事tc~8Mo50GFT-%~8sicQ,

您正在收听VOA慢速英语节目《建国史话》Asr|=3g1tr。讲述人哈里•门罗(Harry Monroe)和里奇•克莱因费尔特(Rich Kleinfeldt),制作人David JarmulPbgorqf2.4A~v!BC~%Lb
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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • aggressionn. 进攻,侵犯,侵害,侵略
  • transportn. 运输、运输工具;(常用复数)强烈的情绪(狂喜或狂怒
  • depressionn. 沮丧,萧条
  • oppositionn. 反对,敌对,在野党
  • threatn. 威胁,凶兆 vt. 威胁, 恐吓
  • commandern. 司令官,指挥官
  • electionn. 选举
  • campaignn. 运动,活动,战役,竞选运动 v. 从事运动,参加竞
  • actingn. 演戏,行为,假装 adj. 代理的,临时的,供演出
  • draftn. 草稿,草图,汇票,徵兵 vt. 起草,征兵,选秀