听力文本

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Karen Hopkin.
This will just take a minute.
What does panic sound like? <> Like that, for sure. But also like this <>. And this <>. But maybe you already knew that. Because a new study shows that humans are actually good at identifying vocalizations that are emotionally intense...even when those outcries come from other species. The findings are communicated in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
It was Charles Darwin who first mused about the evolution of emotional expression.
As he wrote in the Descent of Man:
"All the air-breathing Vertebrata necessarily possess an apparatus for inhaling and expelling air.... When the primeval members of this class were strongly excited and their muscles violently contracted, purposeless sounds would almost certainly have been produced."
Now, if producing those seemingly purposeless noises turned out to be beneficial...by warning others of predators, summoning protection, or enticing a mate...the behavior would persist and, over time, become selected for.
Of course, for that to happen, the meanings behind those utterances would have to be clearly understood. To explore this question, researchers asked 75 volunteers to listen to vocalizations produced by nine different species, from black-capped chickadees to American alligators. The recordings included sounds made by animals when they were relatively relaxed...like this hourglass tree frog <>...or in some way excited...say, reacting to an aggressor or competing for a mate, like this hourglass tree frog <>.

The listeners were then asked to identify which of the paired recordings from each species represented a sound of distress or "emotional arousal."
The result?
"We found that, yes, humans recognize higher levels of emotional intensity in species which span across all of these classes."
Piera Filippi of the University of Aix-Marseille in France and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands, who led the study.
"Interestingly, we did not find any effect of language background on the human's accuracy."
Participants who spoke English, German or Mandarin all did equally well at pointing out which chirps, squeals, and hoots were emotionally charged. They were also able to tell when actors speaking in Tamil, a language none of them had ever heard before, sounded upset.
"The finding thus suggests that humans' ability to recognize higher levels of emotional intensity in animal vocalizations is biologically universal."
The listeners seem to be tuning in on the higher frequency of alarm calls, the researchers say. These shifts in pitch are perhaps clearest in the vocalization of infants, such as the piglet <> used in this study. That suggests that we may be hardwired to recognize babies in distress.
We're not necessarily horse whisperers...but it seems we all feel for that little piggy when it goes <> to make its emotions known.
For Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是凯伦·霍普金ldM#Qw@X&M。
本期节目只需要一分钟时间NT.Z5~8lxlCa0oJ]EIoR。
你知道恐慌的声音是什么样的吗？（荷马·辛普森的尖叫声）当然，就像这样tEO.l)HP1PP。不过也可能是这样的（猪叫声）1L+%GJKPadh。还有这样的（山雀的叫声）cS=5q5~XD2nLV_yAsB-。也许这些你早就知道了SlFiB^r;lmLnRnahi。因为一项新研究表明，人类其实很擅长识别带有强烈感情色彩的声音，即使那些叫声来自其他物种V+V!ZwTQxN@LS5tgk。这一研究发表在《英国皇家学会学报·B辑》上P7kIJm1meHrLSa。
第一个研究情感表达演变的是查尔斯·达尔文!,6n^q+6LcY@Reu。
正如他在《人类的由来》一书中写的那样：
“所有呼吸空气的脊椎动物都必然拥有用来吸气和呼气的器官w=~g.tA+^1%Mpzs。当原始脊椎动物极度兴奋、肌肉剧烈收缩时，几乎肯定会产生无意义的声音yiGs!bAS]e1xvPErxjPg。”
现在，如果事实证明发出那些看似无意义的声音是有益的，比如警告捕食者、召唤保护或吸引配偶，那么这种行为就会保留，随着时间的推移成为被选择的行为u(u;q^89Y-n1g.H。
当然，要实现这一点，必须清楚地理解这些声音背后的意义8R96ET%WP8yKlVAW~。为了探究这一问题，研究人员让75名志愿者聆听9个不同物种发出的叫声，从黑冕山雀到美洲短吻鳄9ZiGfbfpOYPSN。志愿者听到的录音包括动物们相对放松时的叫声，比如沙漏树蛙发出的声音（低唤醒声）；或是动物们某种程度上兴奋时的叫声，比如在面对入侵者或争夺配偶时发出的声音，就像沙漏树蛙发出的这个声音（高唤醒声）E~-TSvxMDC98Smm。
然后，研究人员让志愿者辨别出每个物种表达“痛苦”或“情绪激发”的录音6HGlWbue%RN%7,DY9@up。
结果呢？
“我们发现，没错，人类能识别出所有物种发出的情绪强度较高的声音2!J_Wxh.=d_。”
领导这项研究的法国艾克斯-马赛大学和荷兰马普心理语言学研究所的皮耶拉·菲利比说道#QPVkoE3-LC8。
“有趣的是，我们没有发现语言背景对人类识别的准确性有任何影响jA7IoOmYSO5S.eXK!。”
无论参与者讲英语、德语或普通话，在辨别哪种啁啾声、尖叫声和鸣叫声满载情绪时，他们都做得一样好Lsf;.P#]T+H16V9e|Kjj。他们还能辨别出说泰米尔语的演员听上去很烦躁，而他们之前从未听过泰米尔语这种语言.|uA.doho+&+b。
“因此，这一发现表明，人类识别动物情感强度较高声音的能力，在生物学上是普遍存在的Cov^X,a9XpyA3Yk。”
研究人员表示，志愿者似乎更留意高频率的警报声)EHV_39_]XKI,x。而这些音高的转变可能在婴儿声音中最明显，就像本次研究中小猪的声音（小猪的高唤醒声）Ptl]G^N[O;7s^P~VKj&t。这表明，我们可能天生就能识别出处于困境中的婴儿)bh(pB7@kNh。
我们不必成为马语者，但当这只小猪发出这种声音（小猪的高唤醒声）来表达情绪时，我们似乎都会同情它*x#dOMn19Du-。
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学^*o0q!HyJpn。我是凯伦·霍普金D^+7FrKid5f3wg]ILNPg。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. be good at 擅长的；精通的；能干的；
例句：I bet you were good at games when you were at school.
我敢说你上学时体育很棒vXl[sEkxccj。
2. react to （作出）反应；回应；
例句：There'd be no telling how John would react to such news as this.
还不知道约翰听到这样的消息会作何反应7tyDtU@](gH[oKWoC+。
3. tune in 开始注意；开始了解；
例句：You can start now to tune in to your own physical, social and spiritual needs.
你现在可以开始关注自己的生理、社交与精神需求e#SFm|SMmp4。
4. feel for 同情；可怜；怜悯；
例句：She cried on the phone and was very upset and I really felt for her.
她在电话里哭了，非常难过，我很同情她qxWZsdj(&Y=8q2=7。