(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
New research suggests that soccer players are at risk of brain injury, especially those who head the ball a lot. Researchers in America carried out tests on 38 amateur football players over the age of 30 who had played the sport since childhood. Doctors gave them MRI brain scans and tests to assess their brain function. The players were asked to estimate the number of times they had headed a ball in the past year. The research findings indicate a degree of brain injury not usually present in people who do not play soccer. Doctors reported the condition to be a form of concussion known as mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can easily occur in soccer due to the frequent impact of the head with a ball that can travel at speeds close to 100 kph.
Lead author Doctor Michael Lipton explained the effect heading a ball can have on the brain: “Heading a soccer ball is not an impact of a magnitude that will [cut] nerve fibers in the brain, but repetitive heading may set off a cascade of responses that can lead to a degeneration of brain cells." He added: “Brain injury and cognitive impairment can result from heading a soccer ball with high frequency….These are findings that should be taken into consideration in planning future research to develop approaches to protect soccer players." Doctor Lipton concluded it would be difficult to detect brain injury in children as it takes years of heading a ball for the damage to show up in brain scans.
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词汇学习
1.amateur adj.业余的,非职业的
Angela says she longs to join an amateur dramatics class.
安杰拉说她渴望参加业余戏剧班 。
2.indicate vt.表明,标示
Ballpark estimates indicate a price tag of $90 million a month.
大致的估计费用为每月9,000万美元 。
3.concussion n.震荡;脑震荡
He was taken to hospital with concussion.
他因脑震荡被送进医院 。
4.repetitive adj.重复的
Suddenly music that seemed dull and repetitive comes alive.
突然间,似乎索然无味且反反复复的音乐生动了起来 。
5.degeneration n.变性;退化;恶化
Over-use of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.
过量使用那些药物再加上饮食缺乏营养,导致健康状况恶化 。
6.consideration n.考虑,考察
Several proposals are under consideration by the state assembly.
有几个提案州议会正在讨论中 。
7.detect vt.查明,发现;洞察
An observant doctor can often detect depression from expression, posture, and movement.
善于观察的医生常常能从人的表情、姿势以及动作诊察出抑郁症 。
内容解析
1.New research suggests that soccer players are at risk of brain injury, especially those who head the ball a lot.
at risk of面临风险
An estimated seven million people are at risk of starvation.
估计有700万人面临着饿死的危险 。
2.This can easily occur in soccer due to the frequent impact of the head with a ball that can travel at speeds close to 100 kph.
close to接近
We came agonizingly close to victory.
我们与胜利擦肩而过,真令人痛心 。
3.but repetitive heading may set off a cascade of responses that can lead to a degeneration of brain cells.
set off引起
If he attended a party without his wife, it set off a storm of speculation.
如果他没和妻子一块儿出席宴会,便会招致各种猜测满天飞 。
4.Brain injury and cognitive impairment can result from heading a soccer ball with high frequency….
result from产生于…, 由…引起
Many hair problems result from what you eat.
很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的 。
5.Doctor Lipton concluded it would be difficult to detect brain injury in children as it takes years of heading a ball for the damage to show up in brain scans.
show up显而易见
Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years.
科学家们知道癌症可能会潜伏多年 。
参考翻译
新的研究表明,足球运动员面临大脑损伤的风险,尤其是经常做头球动作的人
。美国研究人员对38名30岁以上的业余足球运动员进行了测试,他们从童年时期就开始踢球 。医生对他们进行了MRI大脑扫描,并进行了评估大脑功能的测试 。研究人员还要求他们自我估计一下过去一年头球的次数 。研究结果发现了在不踢足球的人群中罕见的脑损伤 。医生报告称这是一种脑震荡,名为轻型脑外伤(TBI) 。由于频繁地用头顶速度接近100千米每小时的球,这种情况在足球运动中很容易发生 。首席作者Michael Lipton解释了顶球可能对大脑造成的影响:“顶球并不会造成切断大脑神经元的重大影响,但是反复多次顶球会引发大量反应,导致脑细胞退化
。”他补充说:“高频率的头球会导致大脑损伤和认知缺损 。将来针对保护足球队员的方法进行研究时应该考虑这次的研究结果 。”Lipton医生得出结论,洞察儿童大脑损伤非常困难,因为多年的顶球动作造成的损伤才会在脑扫描中表现出来 。