VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):专家对减少细菌繁殖的建议
日期:2015-07-28 13:53

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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American researchers say farmers should wait one day after a rain storm or watering their fields to harvest fresh fruits and vegetables. They say gathering the crops at least 24 hours after rainfall increases food safety. They say it also may be enough to protect those eating from fresh produce from food borne illnesses.

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Listeria is a food borne bacteria. It grows best in wet conditions. Poisoning with Listeria monocytogenes can cause muscle pain. The person can also feel sick to the stomach and even experience diarrhea – the uncontrolled expulsion of wastes from the body.

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Listeria can be a serious health threat for pregnant women and older adults. It can also threaten people with weak immune systems, like those with HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.

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The bacterium is everywhere in the environment, but usually grows in water. So, crops that are harvested shortly after they have been watered are likely to contain unsafe levels of disease-causing Listeria.

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Martin Wiedmann teaches food safety at Cornell University in New York State. He and other researchers are urging farmers to wait 24 hours after a rainfall or watering fields before they harvest crops. By waiting, he says, a field has enough time to dry out.

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"You're more likely to find Listeria for a very short time. After one day, it drops back more or less to the baseline normal level that we find (in the environment). So, we found this effect in water, but it's very short-lived. Within a day, you are back to normal."

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The findings were reported in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

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In crops like spinach, Listeria levels were 25 times greater when harvested immediately after the plants were watered.

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Martin Wiedmann says the bacterium can also be found in sandwich meat, especially when the meat is not kept to minus-four or minus-five degrees Celsius. He says there are a number of other settings where unsafe levels of Listeria can hide.

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"And so it's important to have the tools in place to control this organism everywhere from primary production, to food processing plants to retail, to helping consumers make smart decisions on what foods to eat and how to cook food."

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Martin Wiedmann notes that Listeria poisoning is less common in developing countries. In such areas, he adds, foods generally are not left in iceboxes or refrigeration equipment, another source of bacterial overgrowth.

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I'm Marsha James.

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词汇解析

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1.monocytogenes 产单核细胞

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The Commission adopted parameters for microbiological testing and environmental monitoring for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food.
委员会通过了用于对即食食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌进行微生物检测和环境监测的参数K#%hDz9PTIM5!%2jfDWR

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2.diarrhea n. 腹泻,痢疾

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The doctors attempted to reduce his high fever by inducing diarrhea with a purgative.
医生们尝试用通便药物催泻以使他退烧pWWVpT(B%][&ZBl@(

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3.baseline n. 基线;底线

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Martinez, when she served, usually stayed on the baseline.
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4.overgrowth n. 增生;繁茂;生长过度;过度发育

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Economic overgrowth will bring about a series of problems.
经济增长过快也会带来一系列的问题%op+EeR!YG%UpY

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内容解析

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1.By waiting, he says, a field has enough time to dry out.

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dry out 变干;戒酒

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If the soil is allowed to dry out the tree could die.
如果让土壤干硬,树就会死掉#]X&LkJ8Gw^4r-i3unF

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He checked into Cedars Sinai Hospital to dry out.
他住进了雪松西奈医院去戒酒TcH|U9K[)gv(n3Eax#-g

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2.And so it's important to have the tools in place to control this organism everywhere from primary production, to food processing plants to retail,

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in place 适当,适当的;在适当的地方,在恰当的位置

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The United States plans to tighten the economic sanctions currently in place.
美国计划加大现有经济制裁的力度X6n#!XmMSc%D

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A strong community cannot be built until the basics are in place.
只有基本原则确立了才能建立起一个强大的团体9jShLu_xLV%o

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参考译文

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美国研究者称农民们应该在暴雨或浇地的一天后再收获新鲜水果和蔬菜,他们称在下雨的至少24小时后收获能增加食品安全,称可能还足以保护那些吃新鲜产品的人免于患上食源性疾病^VbF3]Q]U=1

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利斯特菌是一种食源性细菌,在潮湿环境下生长很快gIZ0yQ;wlTt1gj@1K。利斯特菌中毒会造成肌肉疼痛,患者会胃部不适,甚至腹泻,也就是废物不可抑制地从身体出来T3um.xyq0RF

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利斯特菌对孕妇和老年人来说是严重的健康威胁,还威胁到免疫系统脆弱的人,比如艾滋病毒携带者,艾滋病毒是导致艾滋病的病毒y2GiX50IGf=m

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这种细菌在环境中无处不在,但通常是在水中生长的5=t0Q!FM9]3=。所以在浇水后不久收获的作物可能会含有不安全水平的致病利斯特菌s@HASmZYdf

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马丁·韦德曼在纽约康奈尔大学教食品安全,他和其他研究者敦促农民们等下雨或浇地24小时候再收获,他说这样田地就有足够的时间来变干x(L=JrF^Z*%3

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“在短时间内很容易发现马丁·韦德曼,一天后就会降回正常水平甚至低于环境基本水平,所以我们发现了水的影响,但时间很短,一天之内就可恢复@~&hf[Gc|9TdXFModH。”

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这些发现发表在期刊《应用与环境生物学》上ujdh^S=W(#d0

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像菠菜这样的作物,利斯特菌水平在浇水后不久就收获时要高出25倍llP;T~cTIQXE_ICtY&a

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马丁·韦德曼说,这种细菌可以在三明治的肉中发现,尤其是当肉没有在零下四到五度下保藏时,他说还有很多情况下会藏有不安全水平的马丁·韦德曼I!hOpX!|u,&#,(MZARc_

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“所以重要的是实施各种手段来控制这种从初级产品到食品加工厂、再到销售阶段的细菌,帮助消费者就吃什么和如何烹饪做出明智的选择lo[9.^[ml^+S[V*#。”

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马丁·韦德曼说,利斯特菌中毒在发展中国家更少见ouZ_MR];ZYkJZvP。他说,在这些地区,食物一般不会储藏在冰箱或制冷设备中,而冰箱和制冷设备是细菌过度繁殖的另一来源vK&E.0mDE&f2wW

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • virusn. 病毒,病原体
  • retailn. 零售 vt. 零售,传述 adv. 以零售形式
  • controln. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置 vt. 控制,掌管,支
  • smartadj. 聪明的,时髦的,漂亮的,敏捷的,轻快的,整洁的
  • fevern. 发烧,发热,狂热 v. (使)发烧,(使)狂热
  • bacterian. (复数)细菌
  • uncontrolledadj. 不受控制的
  • organismn. 生物体,有机体
  • containvt. 包含,容纳,克制,抑制 vi. 自制
  • protectvt. 保护,投保