VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):驾驶舱没有飞行员会更安全吗?
日期:2015-05-05 11:42

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Last month, 150 people were killed when Germanwings Flight 9525 crashed in the French Alps. Officials say the co-pilot flew the airplane directly into a mountain on purpose.

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Now, experts wonder if possibly removing pilots from planes would improve airline safety. Some suggest, at the very least, letting officials on the ground take control of a plane if a pilot is acting strangely in the cockpit.

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But airplane industry experts warn that the technology has many problems. And they say the tragic crash of the Germanwings flight was an anomaly -- an extremely unlikely event. Each year, more than three billion people around the world take about 34 million flights. Fewer than 10 crashes over the past 30 years were purposely caused by commercial airline pilots.

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Patrick Smith was a commercial airline pilot for 25 years. He wrote a book called "Cockpit Confidential.'' He says that even the newest airplanes would need costly re-engineering of their major systems. He says there are also concerns over terrorists taking control of the communications link and hijacking the plane.

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The United States military already has pilots operating drone aircraft remotely. The pilots are usually based far away from the drones, even on the other side of the Earth. But some experts worry about doing the same for passenger aircraft.

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Mary Cummings is a former U.S. Navy fighter pilot. She now works as a professor at Duke University in North Carolina. In her words, "the real reason a person wants another human in the cockpit is because they want to believe there's somebody in the front who shares their own fate and thus if anything goes wrong, they will do everything they can to save their own lives.''

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She and other experts believe cargo planes will be the first aircraft to fly over the U.S. without pilots. They say big cargo companies would go from two pilots to one, with a team of pilots assisting from the ground. Then, all operations would be done by flight specialists on the ground.

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Airlines would save money on pilot training, pay and retirement costs. They also would save on hotel and travel costs. In addition, ground-based pilots would be able to have normal eight-hour work days, even if their plane is in the air for 12 hours. Ms. Cummings says these changes could take place in 10 or 15 years.

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Pilots are getting further and further removed from their aircraft. Most aircraft movements other than takeoff and landing are already automated. They are done with the help of computers and other machines. When pilots want to change a flight path, they program the new directions into the plane's computer instead of making the turns themselves.

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Aircraft manufacturer Airbus is experimenting with the idea of a windowless cockpit. The company is testing a system of cameras and video monitors that would give pilots a wider, more-detailed look at their surroundings.

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Todd Humphreys teaches aerospace engineering at the University of Texas. He says it would not be hard to go one step further and have the pilots watching those same monitors from a room on the ground.

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"Anything you can control with knobs or buttons, without getting out of your seat, can be done equally well — or even better — on the ground,'' he says.

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Professor Humphreys argues that pilots on the ground would not have to deal with jetlag or even the dehydration that comes after long flights.

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In his words, "pilots do not often face extreme challenges" and might not be able to deal with an emergency if it happens. Instead, he suggests having a team of airplane specialists in the room with all the remote pilots who could assist with any emergency. He says this would reduce the number of mistakes by pilots.

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But many pilots disagree. They say that often pilots must make split-second decisions.

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In the end, the final decision may come down to passengers. Are travelers more worried about a pilot killing them or stepping onto a plane without a pilot?

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I'm Jonathan Evans.

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词汇解释

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1.cockpit n. 驾驶员座舱;战场

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There was not much elbow room in the cockpit of a Snipe.
“沙锥鸟”战斗机的驾驶舱空间不太宽敞19Onc~IRl-E6

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2.anomaly n. 异常;不规则;反常事物

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The space shuttle had stopped transmitting data, a very serious anomaly for the mission.
这架航天飞机已经停止了传输数据,这是这次任务中一个十分严重的反常现象MJ;4ZbL=UBzU;(rR

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3.aerospace n. 航空宇宙;[航] 航空航天空间

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Shortly afterwards, cuts in defence spending forced the aerospace industry to retrench.
不久之后,国防开支的削减迫使航空航天业紧缩开支GRMb=Z]Exdz_i.E

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4.split-second adj. 霎那间发生的,瞬间发生的

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Soldiers had to make split-second decisions before opening fire, he said.
他说,士兵们必须要在开火之前作出瞬间的决定|HH80D@K_DH!%flr&(

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5.dehydration n. 脱水

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Occasionally hospitalization is required to combat dehydration.
有时病人必须住院以防脱水@Oun2HW+~VyIR|6

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内容解析

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1.Officials say the co-pilot flew the airplane directly into a mountain on purpose.

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on purpose 有目的地,故意地

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Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose?
是意外还是戴维故意所为?

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I don't think he stepped on your toes on purpose.
我想他不是有意伤害你的感情6IHQA2di^tDcfsP,|.

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2.In the end, the final decision may come down to passengers.

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come down to 归根结底,可归结为;实质上是

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Our choices come down to staying here or leaving here.
我们的选择实际上就是留在这里还是离开这里两条道路,H;]nSq^pn[5

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When you come down to it, however, the basic problems of life have not changed.
然而,归根结底,生活中一些基本的问题还是没有变zM.[Nd9yGLLW-

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参考译文

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上月,德翼航班9525在法国阿尔卑斯山坠毁,导致150人遇难U[g|(X+~2M7*。官方称飞行员故意将飞机撞向山间uX;XdJW4d)bMwXd9Ru@I

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现在,专家想知道,飞机取消飞行员是否会让飞行更安全ZwpTcqljdeN]br5V。有人建议,如果飞行员在驾驶舱表现异常,至少可以让地面人员接管飞机9(+jAp;OxP

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但航空工业专家警告称该技术存在很多问题,他们称德国之翼飞机坠毁事故是反常,是极端不可能的事件gdK=J)OWf[|t5Klg]q]=。每年,全世界有30亿人次乘坐大约3400万个航班,过去30年间只有不到10次坠毁事故是商业航空公司飞行员故意造成的~(SgdP%Lk#!ytX

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帕特里克·史密斯担任商业航空公司飞行员25年,他写了一本名叫《驾驶舱机密》,他说即使是最新式的飞机,也需要对其主系统进行成本昂贵的重新设计,他说还存在对恐怖分子控制通信链路以劫持飞机的担忧jsUyiQ@ng4E9tw4!c]At

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美国军方已经有远程操作无人机的飞行员,这些飞行员通常在距离无人机很远的地方,甚至是在地球的另一端6eQq;yYrcW。但一些专家对这样操作客机表示放心Ew.X4@2k^Fsf_v;5

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玛丽·卡明斯曾是美国海军战斗机飞行员,她如今是北卡罗来纳州杜克大学的一名教授xyrDM,%KxI_Jl。用她的话来说就是,“人们希望驾驶舱里有飞行员的真正原因是,他们希望驾驶舱里有人和他们共命运,这样一旦出了问题,他们就会不顾一切地拯救自己的生命5SD@Vl#=8pnmhSj。”

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她和其他专家认为,货运飞机将是美国首个无需飞行员的飞机,他们称大型货运公司将把两名飞行员改为一名飞行员,同时地面有一支飞行员小组=RVnanl-(SD~i。这样,所有的操作都可以通过地面的飞行专家来完成jnxW69,(56esrw2LT|

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航空公司可以节省花在飞行员培训、薪酬和退休金上的开支,还可以节省旅馆和旅行成本ujsRFnFe~mwF。另外,地面飞行员将可以进行正常的8小时工作制,即使他们操作的飞机要在天上飞12小时,卡明斯说这些改变将在10到15年内发生T_iY2gN7m@yOeAf

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飞行员越来越远离他们的飞机,除了起飞和着陆之外的大多数飞行动作已经实现自动化,可以在计算机和其他机器的帮助下完成wyiQ![b5wp^SWrewjxb。当飞行员想改变航线时,他们会将新路线输入飞机计算,而无需由自己来操作NZs[H!EVhUJO

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飞机制造商空客公司在实验无窗驾驶舱这样的想法,该公司在测试一个摄像机和视频监测器系统,可以让飞行员更广阔、更详细地看周围环境!k[Rw=4V!Wy

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托德·汉弗莱斯在德州大学教航天工程学,他说,要进一步让飞行员在地面观看这些监测器并不太难[%rn|N]V=!i

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“凡是坐在座位上就可以通过旋钮或按键控制的事情,都可以在地面上进行,这样甚至可以做得更好m--;EI7m@|+e_;[TU。”

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汉弗莱斯教授说,地面飞行员无需对付长期飞行后的时差甚至脱水问题!K00(6W~!SI.v

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用他的话来说就是,“飞行员并不经常会遇到极端问题”,一旦发生,可能无法处理紧急情况-p!y*(UQ^O%XMVxm.e。相反,他建议所有远程飞行员都配备一个飞行专家团队,这些人可以在紧急情况下帮助处理问题,他说这还能减少飞行员出错的机会0nWf1C|T1=5^)uNohB,

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但很多飞行员并不赞同,他们称通常飞行员必须瞬间做出决定nMS1ftxBtMpC[2R]ENK

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最后,最终决定权可能还是在乘客手中,他们更担心飞行员想杀死他们,还是更担心没有飞行员的飞机?

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我是乔纳森·伊万斯JPqz.-XgwW5TpWU

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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