(单词翻译:单击)
Hey there, welcome to Life Noggin. Blub blub blub! Oh, I'm sorry… I don't really speak fish. I'm sorry.
大家好，欢迎来到大脑洞开的生命奇想！哦，对不起，我不会说鱼语。我很抱歉。
Fish are misunderstood. With their vacant stares and gaping mouths many assume they're just plain stupid.
鱼被误解了。由于他们茫然的眼神和张大的嘴巴，很多人认为他们只是愚蠢至极。
But that couldn't be further from the truth. Fish are actually much smarter than we think, showing a level of intelligence that rivals rats, crows and even primates.
但事实远非如此。鱼类实际上要比我们想象的更聪明。它们显示出与老鼠、乌鸦甚至灵长类动物相匹敌的智力水平。
Which makes me wonder: what would it take for a fish to become as smart as, say, you?
这不禁让我好奇：鱼类要怎么样才能和人类一样聪明呢？
Scientists are still working out what intelligence really means, but at its basest level, smartness requires learning, and to learn, well, you've gotta remember stuff.
科学家们仍然在研究智力到底意味着什么，但是最基本的就是，聪明得需要学习，而学习得需要记东西。
You've probably heard that fish forget things after three seconds - it's a popular myth - but in reality, fish have excellent long-term memories.
你可能听说过鱼的记忆只有三秒-这是个流行的谜语-但是实际上，鱼有很好的长期记忆。
Take salmon, for example. After spending years at sea, salmon can still remember the smell of their home, sniffing their way back to the same stream to spawn.
就拿鲑鱼来举例吧。在海洋生活很多年以后，鲑鱼仍然能记得它们的家的味道，嗅探着回到同一河流产卵。
Other fish have shown similar signs of intelligence--in fact, some can create and hold complex spatial maps in their head,
其它的鱼也展现了类似的智力的展现-实际上，一些鱼可以可以在脑中创建并保存复杂的空间地图，
a feat that makes them better navigators than most human toddlers.
这一壮举使他们成为比大多数人类幼儿更好的领航员。
This is what allows gobies to jump blindly from one rock pool to another, without ending up on the deadly sandbank.
这就是为什么虾虎鱼盲目地从一个岩石池跳到另一个，而不会跳到致命的沙丘上。
There are even some species of wrasse that use tools just like primates and birds, smashing rocks to open juicy mollusks and sea urchins.
甚至有些种类的濑鱼也像灵长类动物和鸟类一样使用工具，用石头砸开多汁的软体动物和海胆。
With a brain that weighs less than a tenth of a gram these tiny fish are so smart, in some tasks, they can even outwit chimpanzees and orangutans.
这些小鱼的大脑重量不到0.1克，它们非常聪明，在某些任务上，它们甚至能胜过黑猩猩和猩猩。
But of all the fish in the sea, my favorite, the manta ray, might be the smartest.
但在海里所有的鱼中，我最喜欢的蝠鲼可能是最聪明的。
It has the biggest brain of any fish, up to ten times larger than a whale shark,
它的大脑是所有鱼类中最大的，比鲸鲨大十倍，
and it might even recognize itself in a mirror--a check box for self-awareness that only a few, like the dolphin, can tick.
它甚至可能在镜子中认出自己——这是一个自我意识的复选框，只有少数像海豚一样的动物能打勾。
By now you've probably got the point: fish are surprisingly intelligent.
现在你可能已经明白了：鱼非常聪明。
But in a battle of the wits, what exactly is it that sets humans apart?
但是在智力之战中，是什么让人类与众不同？
Well, fish are the backbone to all land animals on Earth.
鱼是地球上所有陆地动物的脊梁。
500 million years ago, they were the first and only vertebrates, confined solely to the sea.
5亿年前，它们是第一种也是唯一一种脊椎动物，只生活在海洋中。
It would take roughly 150 million years before some moved onto land, developing longer limbs, better vision, and lungs.
大约需要1.5亿年的时间，一些鱼才会迁移到陆地上，长出更长的四肢、更好的视力和肺部。
From those first steps sprung amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
从这些最初的步骤中产生了两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。
Modern humans arrived 300,000 years ago, and even now your brain holds secrets of your fish ancestry.
现代人类在30万年前就来到了这里，即使现在，你的大脑仍然保存着你鱼类祖先的秘密。
Sure, a fish's brain is much smaller but there are parts that closely match the amygdala,
然，鱼的大脑要小得多，但有些部分与杏仁核非常匹配，
which processes emotions, and the hippocampus, which supports memory and learning.
杏仁核负责处理情绪，而海马体负责记忆和学习。
The biggest difference is that your upgraded brain has developed large cortical structures, like the limbic system,
最大的不同是你升级后的大脑已经形成了大的皮质结构，比如与情感和情绪有关的边缘系统，
which is concerned with emotion and mood, and the neocortex, which is responsible for language, abstract thought, imagination, and consciousness.
还有负责语言、抽象思维、想象和意识的大脑皮层。
But, as we've seen, just because a fish lacks these structures, doesn't mean it lacks all these skills.
但是，正如我们看到的那样，鱼的大脑缺少这些结构并不意味着它缺少所有的这些技能。
Today, it's still unclear why the human brain is so powerful,
今天，仍不清楚为什么人类的大脑是如此强大，
but scientists think it's probably the high level of neural connections
但是科学家认为可能是因为高水平的神经连接
and not the structures themselves that have allowed humans to invent the wheel, land on the moon and outsmart every other animal on Earth.
而不是那些大脑结构本身让人类发明轮子、登上月球和智胜地球上其他所有动物。
So, just give the manta ray like half a billion years and maybe it could do the same.
所以，给蝠鲼5亿年的时间，也许它也能做到这一点。
So is there any animal you want us to talk about next? Do you have a favorite?
有没有动物你想让我们讨论呢？你最喜欢的动物是什么？
Let me know in the comment section below. Curious to know what's hiding deep within the ocean?
请在下方的评论区告诉我们。想知道大海深处藏着什么东西吗？
Check out this video! First up we have everybody's favorite, the giant squid.
看看这个视频吧！首先这里有每个人的最爱，大王乌贼。
Well, everyone's favorite except for Herman Melville who described the squid's arms as curling and twisting like a nest of anacondas.
除了赫尔曼·梅尔维尔以外，这是每个人的最爱。梅尔维尔把乌贼的手臂描述成一窝水蟒一样蜷曲扭动。
As always my name is Blocko! This has been Life Noggin! Don't forget to blub blub blub.
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
