The laws that protect women and minorities and people with disabilities, among others, from discrimination are essential,
法律当然能保护女性、少数民族和残疾人等群体的利益不遭受基本的损害，
and I am not suggesting they be circumvented.
我并不是在暗示这些法律都没切中问题的要害，
But I have also witnessed firsthand how they can have a chilling effect on discourse,
但我的确亲眼见到这些法律对双方的交流起不到积极作用，
sometimes even to the detriment of the people they are designed to defend.
有时甚至还会伤害到它们原本想要保护的对象。
I don't have a solution to this dilemma and will leave it to public policy and legal experts to solve.
对于这个两难问题，我也没有最佳的解决办法，就让公共政策和法律方面的专家去琢磨吧。
I do think this is worth some serious attention so we can find a way to deal with these issues in a way that protects but doesn't suppress.
但是，我的确认为这个问题值得好好思考，这样我们才能找到一种具有保护性而非压制性的解决方式。
Most people would agree that gender bias exists ... in others.
大多数人都会同意性别偏见的现象是存在的，当然，它们往往存在于别人身上。
We, however, would never be swayed by such superficial and unenlightened opinions. Except we are.
不过，女性不能因为这种表面的、落后的看法而动摇，除非我们自己也这么认为。
Our preconceived notions about masculinity and femininity influence how we interact with and evaluate colleagues in the workplace.
对男性和女性各自特征先入为主的设想影响了我们在职场上和同事相处与评价同事的方式。
A 2012 study found that when evaluating identical resumes for a lab manager position from a male student and a female student,
2012年的一项研究发现，当一个男生和一个女生同时申请一个实验室负责人的职位时，
Even though the students had the same qualifications and experience,
即使两个人的资历与经验相同，
the scientists deemed the female student less competent and offered her a lower starting salary and less mentoring.
科学家也会认为女生的能力弱一些，从而降低其起薪数额，所给予的相应指导也会少一些。
Other studies of job applicants, candidates for scholarships, and musicians auditioning for orchestras have come to the same conclusion:
其他有关工作申请的研究也表明，
gender bias influences how we view performance and typically raises our assessment of men while lowering our assessment of women.
性别偏见影响了我们对个人表现的看法，特别是会提高对男性的评价，而降低对女性的评价。