为什么儿童游乐场过于安全反而不好(1)
日期:2019-03-22 16:17

(单词翻译:单击)

 MP3点击下载
Th,64|q)_IrR7;7x9G1AoAHzF_uEVli)e

When you imagine a playground, chances are it looks something like this.
当你想象一个儿童游乐园时,你很可能会把它想象成这样2x17&#uI9MKA.8
There’s usually a slide, a bridge, and a high point with a domed roof.
通常带有一个滑梯、一个桥和带圆顶屋顶的天棚h0#)abP]tw*I%TAfV*g
That’s what makes this a playground, and this, and this.
这也是这个,还有这个,这个游乐园的样子T1bi9Y#IX]v-2e#bqz
But what about this?
那这个呢?
This isn’t a junkyard. It’s called an adventure playground.
这不是垃圾场噢T^[iPJS^lF。它叫“探险游乐园”4f2eya+hTR
Here, there are no plastic play structures – just things like old tires, wood planks, hammers and nails.
这里没有塑料游乐设施,只有旧轮胎、木板、锤子和钉子5L0jvlJ%njQ
Places like this represent one of the most debated ideas in play architecture:
这样的地方代表了关于游乐设施中最具争议的观点之一:
that playgrounds should be designed to let kids take more risks.
即设计游乐场的时候应该考虑让孩子们多承担一点风险BmX08.P93^a
Now, this nightmare for helicopter parents is the hottest new thing in American playgrounds,
现在,这种堪称“直升机父母”的噩梦的游乐园是美国游乐园行业最热门的新事物,
because there’s growing evidence that play like this is a whole lot healthier — and safer — for kids.
因为越来越多的证据表明,对孩子们来说,这样的游戏其实才是更健康、更安全的jkaA-!J,tThY
"They can play with very dangerous tools, they can take really dangerous risks and overcome them.
他们是可以玩非常危险的玩具,冒比较大的危险并克服那些危险的!Ji1fwCBaMJ0hSb3@sl4
And this fills up a tremendous sense of self confidence in themselves, which is really quite fascinating to watch."
这种游戏方式会极大地增强他们的自信心,这样的情形是很吸引人的W;jm|N|er]=]a=7。”
That’s Marjory Allen.
这位是玛乔丽·艾伦yIQ19Zh~]kJjGNV
She was a British landscape architect and children’s welfare advocate around the middle of the century.
她是上世纪中叶英国的一名景观设计师兼儿童福利倡导者K=GHJCV[uQ!E
2

fv&;k^|iCYH

In 1945, she visited Copenhagen, where she met an architect named Carl Theodor Sorensen.
1945年,她访问了哥本哈根,在那里她遇到了一位名叫卡尔·西奥多·索伦森的建筑师(21xS2FyjlpD^I1y
Two years earlier, during the German occupation of Denmark, Sorensen noticed a problem:
而两年前在德国占领丹麦期间,索伦森注意到了一个问题:
kids in his neighborhood weren’t using playgrounds.
他家附近的孩子都不会去游乐园玩儿j.g~GZihQN(x
In fact, they were playing just about everywhere else — even in construction sites and bombed out buildings.
事实上,他们几乎会到其他任何地方玩耍——甚至是在建筑工地和被炸毁的建筑物里,就是不去游乐园玩儿Bm0CU!DffWB
So in a housing development in the suburbs of Copenhagen,
因此,在哥本哈根郊区的一个住宅开发项目的地盘上,
Sorensen closed off an empty lot and filled it with building materials, discarded objects, and tools.
索伦森圈了一片空地,在上面放满建筑材料、废弃物品和工具gm4gVoAUEghkzy[
Here, kids could dig, build, and invent on their own.
在这片地方,孩子们可以自己挖沟、搭建,搞发明noaYLkgl2T
The play structures were ultimately designed by the kids themselves.
游乐场最终的模样就是孩子们自己设计的hw_WMfZ#[5jLIz
Sorensen called it a junk playground — and kids and parents loved it.
索伦森称它为“垃圾游乐场”,不料孩子们和家长们都很喜欢#)hT_E,3jJmA%oalGG
When she returned to England, Marjory Allen started opening similar playgrounds across London.
回到英国后,玛乔丽·艾伦开始在伦敦各地开设类似的游乐场i9t,]k3b^LL
And she renamed them: from junk to adventure.
还重新给它们起了个名字:垃圾变冒险uA^5sq4vJMS1x|aT
From there, they became a global phenomenon.
从此,这种游乐场逐渐在世界各地推行开来Q*VZhURCW@oot_T
They spread to Minneapolis, Boston, Toronto, Tokyo, Houston, Berkeley, Berlin.
传播到了明尼阿波利斯、波士顿、多伦多、东京、休斯顿、伯克利还有柏林YXc5!IOugO!dYBQvpr
And to create these playgrounds, designers had to introduce a critical element: Controlled risk.
要修建这种游乐场,设计师必须引入一个关键的设计因素:控制适当的风险H3@.YKo4-hW
In this context, a risk isn’t the same thing as a hazard,
就这件事而言,风险并不等同于危险=A]1hzOLPjt#,%zua!
When you’re climbing a tall tree, a rotten branch is a hazard: the threat is unexpected.
当你在爬一棵很高的树时,一根枯枝算一种危险:因为它给你带来的威胁是你没办法预料到的R#nRI(|L#dnH9Xz
But how high you climb is a risk: it’s manageable, and requires you to actively make a decision.
但你爬的高度则算一个风险:它是可控的,需要你主动积极地做出决定=)YHF;[o|VX
You can break the elements of controlled risk down into six categories:
我们可以把控制适当的风险分为六个要素:
heights, speed, tools, dangerous elements, rough and tumble play,
高度,速度,工具,危险的元素,扭打游戏,
and the ability to disappear, or become lost.
以及消失或迷失的可能性&E&Dn0b&,8x!k
And a good adventure playground includes a mix of these.
一个好的冒险乐园将涉及上述这些因素的一个综合ptyYCuNg]9e@waEaB
Designers also focus on separation of space.
设计师也要注重空间的分隔Pn%+x=Zv3ccn*
To give kids the feeling of discovering things on their own, parents have to stay out.
为了给孩子们制造一种自己发现事物的感觉,就要让家长们呆在外面Rmg0Q#qH_FqpQ%A
That can mean installing a physical barrier —or providing things like restrooms, cafés, and seating,
这可能就意味着要设置物理屏障,或者提供卫生间、咖啡馆或座位之类的设施,
so that parental experience isn’t an afterthought.
这样,父母就不至于只能事后体验了a6v-,@[Xd+[

hX@(.,,Q@oeU%zraz!z[p)wij[+E9HwFw@XQTRb!A
分享到
重点单词
  • adventuren. 冒险,奇遇 vt. 冒险,尝试 vi. 大胆进行,
  • occupationn. 职业,侵占,居住
  • elementn. 元素,成分,组成部分,(复数)恶劣天气
  • junkn. 垃圾,废旧杂物,中国平底帆船 vt. 丢弃
  • controlledadj. 受约束的;克制的;受控制的 v. 控制;指挥;
  • overcomevt. 战胜,克服,(感情等)压倒,使受不了 vi. 获
  • spreadv. 伸展,展开,传播,散布,铺开,涂撒 n. 伸展,传
  • roughadj. 粗糙的,粗略的,粗暴的,艰难的,讨厌的,不适的
  • nightmaren. 恶梦,使人极其痛苦的事情或经历,梦魇
  • rottenadj. 腐烂的,腐朽的