Cork. It's the miracle tree bark that's found in everything from baseball bats to spaceships.
软木，那个从棒球拍到宇宙飞船无一不会用到的神奇树皮WoB#0.*CVu#@!n60。
But it's best known as the last obstacle in your journey to drink wine.
但它最为人知的用处还是大家在品茗红酒时遇到的最后一道障碍_Fe-MW!Rl*。
Yes, sometimes de-corking can feel like a chore.
没错，有时拧瓶塞确实是一件苦差事_!(8(&P%=1o#loD&g*s7。
No, I'm not talking about popping open a wine bottle.
不，今天我们要聊的并不是怎么开酒，
I'm talking about how cork is harvested in the first place by these guys.
而是这些软木塞最初是如何被这些人采收回去的wvy(^-D-Deux@VE+Mq。
Manual cork harvesters in Portugal.
他们是葡萄牙采收软木树皮的工人|%oXm9T~ZT~XqhG0~94。
It's a job so difficult and yet so artful, machines have yet to render it obsolete.
这份工作十分艰辛且十分考验技巧，所以机器仍未能取代人工%@NIBDRm%3p!Pn。
Welcome to Portugal where cork is the national tree.
欢迎来到葡萄牙，一个尊软木为国树的国度YJS8SwdB&G%^@t。
Cork is native to the Mediterranean basin, but nowhere does it grow more than here.
软木树原产于地中海，但在整个地中海地带，又数这里的软木树最多.;PCBT!]~FEKSZ+。
Portugal has 35% of all the cork trees in the world.
葡萄牙的软木树占到了全世界软木树总量的35%8|+VY#Q6u&uIE7+NK3。
This tree needs very special conditions of humidity and hot weather.
这些树对环境的湿度和气候要求都很高Xw9OG(;=EV1t*xgj]。
Since cork trees can live for 200 years,
由于软木树树龄可达200年，
Goncalo's trees are the exact same trees his parents, grandparents, and great grandparents also cared for.
孔卡洛经营的那些树他的父母、祖父母乃至曾祖父母都曾照料过KDKj#(S1^giokzTro@i。
The cork harvesting is a process that can only be done by hand.
采收软木树皮这个工作职能由人工来做5f35-.Yp]y#9IEjJ。
The men work always in teams of two.
工人们通常两人一组3s9.GVF]irD+Mok。

First, they cut the tree like a tailor. They draw the tree with several cuts to open the cork.
先像裁缝一样砍出几条线，把树皮撬开joO7x_Hdu)jA~7Ok=R*。
When they throw the ax they also twist the hand to open the cork.
下斧子的时候会拧一下手臂，以便撬开树皮YYo+GOpZ_za6gqJeVm。
After that, with the side of the blade, they will open and separate the cork from the tree.
之后用斧子的侧面将树皮从树上撬下来!6Fwc]CCfTJIshCK。
The men learn from quite young to just cut the cork so it doesn't cut the layer of the cork tree.
工人们从小就学会了只砍到树皮部分，不会伤到树本身#tM~8X08e2r7HeSbD,1。
If the men cut the layer, there's a problem. They will harm the tree and open an entrance for bugs and other diseases.
否则就会出问题4j;.t-@k(x;9Jnv57。伤到树就等于给虫子和疾病打开了一扇门;;oiW^5s+rRCYj_JZ。
Once a tree is harvested, it won't be cut again for another nine years.
一棵树的树皮被采摘过后，要休养九年，
This keeps the bark healthy and the harvest tradition alive for the generations to come.
从而保证树皮能够健康生长，保证后代能够继续延续采收传统bND6aF|yr5。
Through all of our generations, we take care of our trees like we take care of our sons.
我们世世代代都像照顾我们的孩子一样照料这些树_ohhvXVUM,]b9P7KeT5h。
This is very important for us.
这点对我们非常重要hj~J;9~xVg4YZ。