万物简史(MP3+中英字幕) 第373期:进入对流层(14)
日期:2018-03-02 16:06

(单词翻译:单击)

However, for reasons unknown he calibrated the instrument in a way that put freezing at 32 degrees and boiling at 212 degrees. From the outset this numeric eccentricity bothered some people, and in 1742 Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, came up with a competing scale. In proof of the proposition that inventors seldom get matters entirely right, Celsius made boiling point zero and freezing point 100 on his scale, but that was soon reversed.
然而,由于未知的原因,他把温度计上的冰点设在32度,把沸点设在212度。这种古怪的数值从一开始就让有些人感到很不方便。1742年,瑞典天文学家安德斯·摄尔西乌斯提出了另一种温标。为了证明发明者很少能把事情彻底弄清楚的看法,摄尔西乌斯在自己的温际上把沸点设在0度,把冰点设在100度,但那个标法很快就被颠倒过来。
地球

The person most frequently identified as the father of modern meteorology was an English pharmacist named Luke Howard, who came to prominence at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Howard is chiefly remembered now for giving cloud types their names in 1803. Although he was an active and respected member of the Linnaean Society and employed Linnaean principles in his new scheme, Howard chose the rather more obscure Askesian Society as the forum to announce his new system of classification. (The Askesian Society, you may just recall from an earlier chapter, was the body whose members were unusually devoted to the pleasures of nitrous oxide, so we can only hope they treated Howard's presentation with the sober attention it deserved. It is a point on which Howard scholars are curiously silent.)
最经常被认为是现代气象学之父的,是英国药剂师卢克·霍华德。他在19世纪初成了名。霍华德的主要贡献在于1803年为云的类型起了名字。他是林奈学会的一名积极而受人尊敬的成员,在他的新方案中使用的是林奈原则,但他选了不大知名的阿斯克斯学会作为宣布他新的分类方案的论坛。(你也许还记得起来,前面有一章里提到过阿斯克斯学会,它的成员潜心于笑气带来的乐趣,因此我们只能希望,霍华德的陈述应该严肃对待,受到应有的重视。关于这一点,霍华德派的学者们古怪地保持沉默。)
Howard divided clouds into three groups: stratus for the layered clouds, cumulus for the fluffy ones (the word means "heaped" in Latin), and cirrus (meaning "curled") for the high, thin feathery formations that generally presage colder weather.
霍华德把云分成三类:一层一层的云被叫做层云;绒毛状的云被叫做积云(这个名字在拉丁语里是“堆积”的意思);高处薄薄的羽毛状的结构被叫做卷云(意思是“卷曲”)。卷云一般出现在寒冷的天气到来之前。

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重点单词
  • announcevt. 宣布,宣告,声称,预示 vi. 作播音员,宣布竞
  • devotedadj. 投入的,深爱的 v. 投入 vbl. 投入
  • respectedadj. 受尊敬的 v. 尊敬;重视(respect的过
  • pharmacistn. 药剂师,药商
  • classificationn. 分类,分级
  • unknownadj. 未知的,不出名的
  • instrumentn. 乐器,工具,仪器,器械
  • eccentricityn. 古怪,古怪的行为,怪癖,离心率
  • outsetn. 开始,开端
  • scalen. 鳞,刻度,衡量,数值范围 v. 依比例决定,攀登