I once had this nightmare: I'm standing in the middle of a deserted field full of land mines.
我曾经做过一个恶梦：梦到我站在埋满地雷的荒地上。
In real life, I love to hike, but every time I want to go on a hike, it makes me nervous.
现实生活中，我爱好徒步旅行，但是每次要去远足，我都非常焦虑。
I have this thought in the back of my mind that I might lose a limb.
我脑海中浮想着自己会不会突然失去一部分肢体。
This underlying fear started 10 years ago, after I met Mohammed,
这种潜在的恐惧产生于十年前，也就是在我遇到穆罕默德之后，
a cluster bomb survivor of the summer 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War in Lebanon.
这是一个在2006年黎以冲突期间，黎巴嫩集束炸弹袭击中的幸存者。
Mohammed, like so many other survivors all around the world,
穆罕默德，和世界上许多的幸存者一样，
had to live through the horrifying repercussions of cluster munitions on a daily basis.
每一天都不得不承受着集束炸弹带来的残忍后果。
When the one-month conflict started in Lebanon, I was still working at Agence France-Presse in Paris.
当黎巴嫩长达一个月的战争开始时，我还在巴黎的法新社工作。
I remember how I was glued to the screens, anxiously following the news.
我记得当时我寸步不离电视，焦急地跟进新闻报导。
I wanted to reassure myself that the falling bombs missed my parents' home.
我试着安慰自己炸弹没有落到我父母家。
When I arrived in Beirut on assignment to cover that war,
之后我带着新闻工作回到贝鲁特，
I was relieved to be united with my family, after they had finally managed to escape southern Lebanon.
直到和家人团聚我才释怀，那时他们已经逃离了黎巴嫩南部。
The day the war was over, I remember seeing this image -- one of blocked roads,
战争结束的那一天，我看到了这样的景象--被封锁的道路之一，
of displaced people eagerly rushing south, back to their homes, regardless of what they would find.
满是无家可归人们着急南下，想回到家乡，不管那里还剩下什么。
An estimated four million cluster submunitions were spread in Lebanon during the 34-day conflict.
约有四百万吨的弹药，在34天的冲突中散落在黎巴嫩。
Mohammed lost both legs during the last week of the conflict.
穆罕默德就是在冲突的最后一个星期失去了双腿。
The fact that he lives a five-minute drive from my parents' home made it easier to follow him through the years.
他就住在离我父母家，只有五分钟车程的地方，所以那几年我很方便采访到他。
It was now almost 10 years since we first met.
距离我第一次见到他已经过去十年了。
I saw the young boy who had to endure physical and emotional trauma.
我目睹这个小男孩承受着生理上和心理上的创伤。
I saw the teenager who tried to offer his friends tattoos, in return for a set fee of five dollars.
我看到过这个少年通过给朋友画纹身，赚取五美元的酬劳。
And I know the young, jobless man who spends hours surfing the Internet trying to meet a girl who might become his girlfriend.
我还知道这个失业的男青年在网上花了几个小时的时间，想约一个可能会当他女朋友的女孩。
His fate and the effects of losing his legs are now his daily reality.
他的命运以及失去双腿带来的影响，已经成为了他生活的一部分。
Survivors of bomb trauma like Mohammed have to deal with so many details that never occur to us.
像穆罕默德这样的炸弹幸存者，每天都要处理我们不会碰到的许许多多的琐碎小事。
Who would have imagined that so many daily tasks we do or take for granted,
谁能想到，这些我们早已习以为常的小事，
such as going to the beach or even picking up something from the floor, would become sources of stress and anxiety?
比如去趟海滩或者从地上捡起一件东西，也会成为压力和焦虑的来源。
Well, that's what eventually became of Mohammed, due to his inflexible prosthetic legs.
穆罕穆德的现状，都是不灵活的假肢造成的结果。
Ten years ago, I had no clue what a cluster bomb was, nor its horrifying implications.
十年前，我还不知道什么是集束炸弹，更不清楚它可怕的威力。
I learned that this indiscriminate weapon was used in so many parts of the world and continues to kill on a regular basis,
我了解到这种对目标不加鉴别的武器，曾被世界上许多国家所使用，至今还在伤及无辜，
without distinguishing between a military target or a child.
不区分军事目标或者是小孩。
I naively asked myself, "But seriously, who made those weapons? And what for?"
我天真地问自己，“说真的，是谁制造了这些武器？其用途又是什么？”
Let me explain to you what a cluster bomb is. It's a large canister filled with bomblets.
我来说明一下什么是集束炸弹。正如这个装满小型炸弹的大罐子。
When it's dropped from the air, it opens up in midair to release hundreds of bomblets.
当它在高空被投放下来，到达半空时它会自动打开，释放上百颗小型炸弹。
They scatter around wide areas and on impact, many fail to explode.
它们散落在各处，然后爆炸，其中也有许多没有成功爆炸的。
Those unexploded ones end up just like landmines -- sitting on the ground, waiting for their next target.
那些没有爆炸的炸弹和地雷无异，潜伏于地面，等待着它们下一个目标。
If someone steps on them by accident or picks them up, they can explode.
如果有人不小心踩了上去或是捡起它们，它们可能就会爆炸。
These weapons are extremely unpredictable, which makes the threat even bigger.
这些武器是完全不可预测的，这使得它们的威胁进一步增大。
One day, a farmer can work his land without a problem.
一天，一个健康的农民去干农活，
The next day, he can make fire and burn some branches, and the submunitions close by could be set off because of the heat.
第二天他焚烧了些树枝生火，高温就可能引爆旁边隐藏的炸弹。
The problem is children mistake those bomblets for toys, because they can look like bouncy balls or soda cans.
问题还在于有些小孩会误把那些炸弹当玩具，因为它们看起来像弹球或者汽水罐。
Being a documentary photographer, I decided to go back to Lebanon a few months
作为一名纪实摄影师，我决定在冲突结束后回黎巴嫩待上几个月，
after the conflict ended to meet cluster bomb survivors.
去探访集束炸弹幸存者。
And I met a few -- Hussein and Rasha, who both lost a leg to submunitions.
我确实见到了一些--侯赛因和拉莎，他们都被集束炸弹炸掉了一条腿。
Their stories are similar to so many other kids' stories across the world
他们的故事和世界上千千万万孩子的故事相似，
and are a testimony to the horrifying implications of the continuous use of such weapons.
都成为了不断使用这些武器给人们带来可怕灾难的证据。
That's when I met Mohammed, in January 2007.
我2007年以一月见到穆罕默德的时候，
He was 11 years old, and I met him exactly four months after his accident.
他才11岁，我在那场意外过去四个月后见到了他。
When I first saw him, he was going through painful physiotherapy to recover from his fresh wounds.
第一次见到他那会儿，他正在接受痛苦的理疗以治愈新伤口。
Still in shock at such a young age, Mohammed was struggling to get used to his new body.
穆罕默德在努力地适应残缺的新身体，年幼的他依旧惊魂未定。
He would even wake up sometimes at night wanting to scratch his lost feet.
有时候他半夜醒来还想要挠一挠失去的脚。
What drew me closer to his story was my instant realization of the difficulties Mohammed was likely to face in the future
我渴望进一步了解他的故事，是因为我突然意识到，穆罕穆德可能在未来面对的困难，
that what he has been suffering while adjusting to his injury at the age of 11, would increase manyfold.
可能会比他在11岁时适应残疾所经历的困难，还要更艰巨。
Even before his disability, Mohammed's life wasn't easy.
即使是在遭遇不幸之前，他的生活也并不好。

He was born in the Rashidieh Camp for Palestinian refugees, and this is where he still lives.
他出生在巴勒斯坦难民集聚的拉希迪赫难民营中，至今也没搬过家。
Lebanon holds some 400,000 Palestinian refugees, and they suffer from discriminatory laws.
黎巴嫩有约40万的巴勒斯坦难民，他们受到当地法律的不公平对待。
They're not allowed to work in the public sector or practice certain professions and are denied the right to own property.
他们不能进入公共部门工作，或者从事一些特定的职业，就连财产所有权都得不到保护。
This is one of the reasons why Mohammed doesn't really regret dropping out of school right after his injury.
这就是为什么穆罕默德没有因为伤后退学而感到后悔。
He said, "What's the point of a university degree when I can't find a job to start with?"
他说：“如果我毕业后依然找不到工作，那么上大学又有什么意义？”
Cluster bomb use creates a vicious circle of impact on communities, and not only the lives of their victims.
集束炸弹的使用在我们的社会上形成了一个恶性循环，它们危害的不仅仅是受害者的生命。
Many who get injured by this weapon drop out of school, can't find jobs or even lose their jobs,
许多因这种武器导致伤残的人因此辍学了，或是无法找工作甚至失去工作，
therefore losing the ability to provide for their families.
从此失去了养家的能力。
This is not to mention the continuous physical pain and the experience of feeling isolated.
更不用说持续的生理上的痛苦和心理上的孤独感。
These weapons affect the poorest of the poor. The high medical cost is a burden to the families.
受打击最严重的是穷人，昂贵的医药费对一个家庭来说是巨大的负担。
They end up relying on humanitarian agencies, which is insufficient and unsustainable,
他们只能依靠资源有限又无法提供持续帮助的人道主义组织，
especially when injuries require lifelong support to the injured.
对于那些需要终身接受治疗的伤者来说，更是无法承受。
Ten years after Mohammed's injury, he is still unable to afford proper prosthetic legs.
穆罕穆德受伤后十年，他依然买不起一条合适的假肢。
He's very cautious with his steps, as a couple of falls over the years brought him embarrassment among his friends.
他走路非常小心，因为这几年的几次跌倒，已经让他在朋友中颜面失尽。
He joked that since he doesn't have legs, some days he tries to walk on his hands.
他开玩笑说因为他没有腿，有一天他会尝试用手走路。
One of the worst yet invisible impacts of the weapon is the psychological scars it leaves.
这些武器留下的最糟糕而且无形的影响，就是心理上的创伤。
In one of Mohammed's early medical reports, he was diagnosed with signs of PTSD.
一份关于穆罕默德早期治疗的报告中，他被诊断出患有创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍。
He suffered from anxiety, poor appetite, sleep disturbance and showed signs of anger.
他饱受焦虑、食欲不振、睡眠障碍的困扰，还有易怒的倾向。
The reality is Mohammed never received proper help to fully recover.
现实是穆罕默德从来没有接受过合适且完善的康复治疗。
His current obsession is to leave Lebanon at any cost
他当前的愿望就是不惜一切代价离开黎巴嫩，
even if it meant embarking on a hazardous journey along with refugees drifting towards Europe today through the Mediterranean.
即使要和其他跨越地中海、逃往欧洲的难民那样踏上危险的旅途。
Knowing how risky such a journey would be, he said, "If I were to die on the way, it doesn't matter."
他清楚这样的旅行风险很高，但是他说：“如果我死在半路也没有什么关系。”
To Mohammed, he is dead here, anyway.
真正的穆罕默德早就死在这里了。
Cluster bombs are a world problem, as this munition keeps destroying and hurting whole communities for generations to come.
集束炸弹是个全球性的问题，因为这些武器不断伤害和摧毁我们整个社会，影响着世世代代的人。
In an online interview with the director of the Mines Advisory Group, Jamie Franklin, he said,
在一个对地雷咨询团体的负责人杰米·富兰克林的在线访谈中，他说：
"The US forces dropped over two million tons of munitions over Laos.
“美国空军在老挝投下了超过两百万吨的弹药。
If they couldn't find their targets in Vietnam,
如果飞机在越南搜查不到目标，
there were free-drop areas in Laos where planes would drop their loads before going back to base,
他们会先把弹药投放到老挝的自由投放区，然后才返回基地，
because it's dangerous to land with loaded planes."
因为带着弹药着陆是危险的。”
According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, in Laos alone -- one of the poorest countries in the world
红十字国际委员会的数据显示，仅仅老挝--世界上最贫困的国家之一
nine to 27 million unexploded submunitions remain.
就有九百万到两千七百万吨的未成功引爆炸弹遗留。
Some 11,000 people have been killed or injured since 1973.
1973年起，约有11000的人因炸弹意外伤亡。
This lethal weapon has been used by over 20 states during armed conflicts in over 35 countries, such as Ukraine, Iraq and Sudan.
这种致命武器被20个国家在军事冲突期间，用在超过35个国家上，比如乌克兰、伊拉克和苏丹。
So far, 119 states have joined an international treaty banning cluster bombs,
到目前为止，有119个国家签订了一项关于禁用集束炸弹的国际协议，
which is officially called the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
也就是《国际禁用集束炸弹公约》。
But some of the biggest producers of cluster munitions -- namely, the United States, Russia and China
但是一些集束炸弹制造大国--比如美国、俄罗斯和中国
remain outside of this lifesaving treaty and continue to produce them, reserve the right to produce them in the future,
不受挽救生命的公约的制约，坚持生产这些武器，并且保留未来可能再次生产的权利，
keep those harmful weapons in their stockpiles and even possibly use them in the future.
同时保有这些杀伤性武器的库存，甚至将来极有可能会使用。
Cluster bombs have reportedly been used most recently in the ongoing conflicts in Yemen and Syria.
报道称，集束炸弹最近在也门和叙利亚持续不断的冲突中被广泛应用。
According to research on the worldwide investments in cluster munitions producers by Pax, a Dutch-based NGO,
根据荷兰的非政府组织Pax的一项关于集束炸弹制造商全球投资来源的调查显示，
financial institutions invested billions of US dollars into companies that make cluster munitions.
商业机构已经为集束炸弹制造商投资了几十亿美元。
The majority of these institutions are based in countries that have not yet signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
这些机构大多属于那些没有签订《国际禁用集束炸弹公约》的国家。
Getting back to Mohammed, one of the few jobs he was able to find was picking lemons.
说回穆罕默德，少数几种他能找到的工作之一就是采摘柠檬。
When I ask him if it's safe to work in the field he said, "I'm not sure."
我问他在地里干活安不安全，他说：“我也不确定。”
Research shows that cluster munitions often contaminate areas where agriculture is the main source of income.
有调查显示，集束炸弹经常污染那些以农业为主要收入来源地区的土地。
According to Handicap International's research, 98 percent of those killed or injured by cluster munitions are civilians.
国际助残组织的调查显示，被集束炸弹导致伤残的98%的人都是平民，
Eighty-four percent of casualties are males.
而其中的84%为男性。
In countries where these people have no choice but to work in those fields, they simply do it and risk it.
那些国家的人们没有其它选择，只能在那样的土地上劳作，他们不过是干农活而已，却要冒着生命危险。
Mohammed is the only male to three sisters.
穆罕默德是家里四个孩子中唯一的男孩。
Culturally, he's expected to provide for his family, but he simply can't.
习俗上说，应当由他来养家，但他做不到。
He tried to have so many different jobs, but he couldn't keep any due to his physical disability
他尝试过各种各样的工作，却因为身体的残疾一个都做不下去，
and the less-than-friendly environment to people with disabilities, to say the least.
即使不是这样，当地社会对残疾人也缺乏足够的宽容态度。
It hurts him a lot when he goes out looking for a job, and he's turned away with a small amount of money paid to him out of pity.
当他去应聘工作被别人用一点施舍打发走的时候，他受到了深深的伤害。
He said, "I'm not here to beg for money, I just want to earn it."
他说：“我不是来乞讨的，我只想靠自己的本事挣钱。”
Mohammed today is 21 years old. He's illiterate, and he communicates with voice messages. Here is one of his messages.
穆罕默德今年已经21岁了。他是个文盲，只能通过对话交流。这是他的一条语音信息。
He said, "My dream is to run, and I'm pretty sure once I start running, I would never stop." Thank you.
他说：“我的梦想是奔跑，我很确定一旦我开始奔跑，我就决不会停下来。”谢谢。