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and also on the top or about a third of the way down on 129
以及在129页上底部或者其三分之一的位置上
There's actually a term in logic for this
实际上有一个逻辑学的术语
where basically if you look on page 129 their pairs of arguments
如果你们在129页上主要查看他们成对的观点
Basically any of you who were debaters in high school
基本上 任何是在高中是辩论者的你们
where you have your national debate topic for the year
在每年中你们都会有你们的全国的辩论主题
with the idea that you can argue either side of this that it's arguable
而想法是你可以争论在每一个可以辩论的地方的每一面
Here if we look at A and B
这儿 如果我们查看A和B
A, we are more numerous than they are
A 比起他们来说我们多得多
Therefore, we have a right to their mash
因此 我们有获得他们饲料的权利
B, they are more numerous than we are therefore, they are wickedly trying to steal our mash
B 他们比我们多很多 所以 他们邪恶到想要偷取我们的饲料
So, both are justifications
所以 两者都是理由
So, in other words you can go to war if you want to because you'll justify it
所以 换言之 如果你们想的话 你们是可以去参加战争的 因为你将会证明它是合理的
Same thing with C and D We are a mighty race
C与D都是一样的 我们是一个强有力的种族
and have a natural right to subjugate their puny one Hitler's idea
我们有征服弱者的自然权利 一种希特勒式的想法
D, they are a mighty race and are unnaturally trying to subjugate our inoffensive one
他们是一个强有力的种族 D欺凌我们弱者是不近人情的
These are all pairs just kind of interesting
这些对立的观点很有趣
The ants now Wart since he's a new ant listens these
蚂蚁现在是沃尔特 因为他是一个听取这些的新蚂蚁
but the other ants don't seem to pay attention
但是其他的蚂蚁似乎不注意这些
They almost view them as ritual
他们几乎将他们当作仪式
It's just so much part of what they hear
它们听到的在很大程度上
that it's become also part of who they are
也变成了他们是什么的部分原因
Here in this world we find no joy of life, which I think we'd all agree is important
这儿在这个世界上我们发现了生活的乐趣 而这一点所有我们都同意是很重要的
He is transformed back at the end of the chapter
他在这一章节的末尾向后转移
and he's happy to be transformed back
并且向后转移是很开心的
Now, one of the things I said is that the alternate chapters tend to be serious and then just kind of casual
现在 我所说的其中一件事情是 这些交替章节变得很严肃 然后再变成了很随意之类的
This obviously was a serious chapter
这明显是一个很严肃的章节
We looked at something in society that we do not want
我们观看着我们并不想要的在社会上的某些事情
We didn't aspire to we don't want to live in
我们并不渴求我们并不想要居住的地方
The next chapter is just kind of fill in the fact that it's autumn
下一章只是一个补充章节 实际上 是秋天
It is harvest time but the other aspect here is what?
是丰收的时节 但是这儿的另外一个方面是什么
Everybody is happy
每一个人都很开心
So, we've just been in this world the ant world where no one's happy
因此我们身处一个蚂蚁世界 一个没有人快乐的世界
There's no joy of life and now we're back in the world in which Arthur grew up in Hector's world
生活中没有乐趣 现在我们又回到了这个世界 一个亚瑟在赫克托世界中成长的世界
where Hector is very egalitarian He's out there harvesting
在那儿赫克托完全是一个完全平等主义者 他已经去那儿辛勤耕耘
He's making sure everyone is happy
他确保每个人都要开心
Here people are happy
这里的人们都很开心
We're told and this is probably always true on the bottom of page 131
我们被告知这一情况 在131页底部可能总是真实的
that it's going to be there did exist wicked and despotic masters,
而确实在那儿存在着邪恶以及专制的大师与封建歹徒
feudal gangsters whom it was to be Arthur's destiny to chasten
而这些坏人注定要受到亚瑟的惩罚

视频及简介

欧洲最早的人类居住遗迹可以回溯到公元前35000年的欧洲旧石器时代。定居点、农耕技术和驯养家畜出现于前7000年的欧洲新石器时代早期。从最早的有文字记载的文明到前1200年文明暂时倒退消失，铜是制作工具和武器的主要金属材料，历史学家把该时期命名为青铜时代。

欧洲古典时期从前700年古希腊文字再次出现开始。罗马共和国于前509年建立。罗马帝国的领土约于公元150年到达最大。395年，罗马帝国一分为二。476年，最后一个西罗马帝国皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都被废黜，欧洲进入中世纪时期。