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King Arthur

亚瑟王

And it took the whole period so we didn't have any chance

讲他要花费整个课时 所以我们没有时间

To make a few comments,

去对他做过多的一些评论

And just to make a few comments One,

就评论几点 第一个

When we see different material we see different names sometimes

当我们拿到不同的材料的时候 我们有时会看到不同的名字

And we wonder where those names come from,

我们就会想人们制作电影时

That the people making

是怎么想到

This movie and thank

这些名字的

This people, and thought

我觉得

That it was interesting

这很有趣

Because, Bedevere for example

因为 比如说拜德维拉

If you've seen Monty Python, the first person Arthur encounters in

你要是看过蒙提派森的话 在那个电影里

That movie that becomes his companion is Bedevere

亚瑟遇见的第一个并且成为他的同伴的人就是拜德维拉

They told you in the documentary

这个纪录片则告诉你拜德维拉在关于亚瑟王的材料中

That Bedevere is actually a very old character in the Arthurian material,

事实上是一个比较老的角色

And actually was Arthur's companion before Lancelot

事实上在兰斯洛特之前就成为亚瑟的同伴了

Who I think the female critic referred to

如电影桥段里所演 女性评论家

As Lounge Lizard, appear in the scene

会称他为花花公子

The best seller of the time

当下最畅销的书

And if you've already bought all your books the one the Chrétien book

如果你已经买够了所有的书的话 是克雷蒂安写的

Arthurian Romances

亚瑟王的罗曼史

One of the really great things about the book is

这本书很好的一点就是

In the front starting on Roman numeral page 23 of

在书前面的参考书目中

This estate bibliography

从第23页开始

And there's a lot of good stuff in here

有很多好东西

And for example the very first thing they list, the Arthurian Encyclopaedia

比如说 他们列举的第一本书

We do have that in our library,

这本书我们图书馆就有

And so there's a lot of good stuff in here

所以这本书确实列了不少好东西

They do list the book that

他们确实列出了

They were talking about

被认为是记录亚瑟王的第一份资料

As the first Arthurian material about more warfare

里面谈论了更多的战事

If you're wondering exactly,

如果你真想知道是哪本书

That's Geoffrey with a G, of Mont Myth: The History of the Kings of Britain

并对老材料感兴趣的话

It is available in penguin translation

那就是蒙默斯郡的杰弗里写的

And so if you're all interested in

是企鹅出版社出版的

That olden material It's really important; it's not so much true in our book

有一点很重要 我们书上说的并不正确

But in tradition, they made the point

但传统上 他们认为

That what protects Arthur is not Excalibur but it is a Scabbard,

保护亚瑟王的不是他的神剑而是剑鞘

And that's a word we just don't use every day

剑鞘这个单词我们现在不常用

And Scaburs, it's a kinda interesting word,

是个很有趣的单词

It actually comes from; it actually comes from Germanic,

事实上它来源于日耳曼语中的古高地德语

Comes from Old High German and the key part of it is skar,

这个单词的中心部分是skar

Which meant blade

就是剑的意思

And the second word, also of Old High English origin is Beragon,

第二个单词Beragon 也来源于古高地德语

Which means to hide and conceal

是隐藏的意思

So simply that which hides or conceals the blade,

简单来说就是隐藏剑的东西

It is an important part of the tradition,

这是这个传统中很重要的一部分

It is not the sword that really truly protects Arthur,

真正保护亚瑟并给他力量的并不是剑

Gives him might but the sword of course is a male symbol

而是剑鞘 当然剑象征着男性

And the Scabbard, which is a female symbol,

而象征着女性的剑鞘才是

Is really what protects him

真正保护了他的东西

视频及简介

欧洲最早的人类居住遗迹可以回溯到公元前35000年的欧洲旧石器时代。定居点、农耕技术和驯养家畜出现于前7000年的欧洲新石器时代早期。从最早的有文字记载的文明到前1200年文明暂时倒退消失，铜是制作工具和武器的主要金属材料，历史学家把该时期命名为青铜时代。

欧洲古典时期从前700年古希腊文字再次出现开始。罗马共和国于前509年建立。罗马帝国的领土约于公元150年到达最大。395年，罗马帝国一分为二。476年，最后一个西罗马帝国皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都被废黜，欧洲进入中世纪时期。