原文视听

The Western Barbarians were Germanic and the Germanic, now again Germanic

西部的野蛮人属于日耳曼人，我们又提到了日耳曼人

I see influence was to be a distinctive contribution to making of Europe

由此可见这个种族给欧洲形成带来的独特影响

We talked about the nature of these people before,

我们已经讲过了这些人的本质特性

it's important to know though, that they did have a social organization

我们还需要知道他们具有社会组织性

and social organization was pretty much small tribe,

这些社会组织就是一些小型部落

and they had extremely strong sense of loyalty and tribal kinship

他们忠诚度很高并具有很深的亲族联系

They actually enjoy much more freedom than the citizens of the Roman Empire

实际上他们比罗马帝国公民有更多的自由

Many tribes were roughly democracies who win their king or leader died

很多部落都通过杀死旧统领来争取粗糙的民主制度

Elected new kings or leader

他们选举自己新的国王或首领

They have a strong sense of loyalty to the king or chief

他们对于自己的国王和长官都十分忠诚

but no sense of loyalty for larger general institutions,justice was simple ordeal

却对规模更大的上层机构没有丝毫忠诚感，正义只是单纯的神裁

Trial by battle

战役的考验

These Germanen, these Germanic people who overran the old Roman provinces did find it difficult to maintain

这些蔓延于并统治着古代罗马各地的日耳曼人们，确实发现很难维持

any political organization more than the local level

超过地方级别的任何政治组织

And so these are one of the reasons people want to use this term

这就是为什么人们想用黑暗时代来描述

Dark Ages because more of this idea of world democracy,or world trade and stuff

当时的世界民主制度和世界贸易状态

Everything had become local again with demise of the Roman Empire

当罗马帝国陨落时所有的一切又恢复了当地性

Peasants were at the mercy of roaming bands

农民们的命运被掌握在了游牧民族手里

And so we first start developing a differentiation in Europe to New Europe of warrior and menial class

于是开始了欧洲的差别化，社会被分成了战士阶级和奴仆阶级

And so Feudalism will come out of these Alright

从这时起封建主义便萌芽了 好了

Oh, working class of course,

哦,当然还有工人阶级

Feudalism was the original pyramid scheme

封建主义好像一个基本的金字塔结构

I don't think we'll probably get to that today

我想我们今天大概不会深入讲这一点

视频及简介

欧洲最早的人类居住遗迹可以回溯到公元前35000年的欧洲旧石器时代。定居点、农耕技术和驯养家畜出现于前7000年的欧洲新石器时代早期。从最早的有文字记载的文明到前1200年文明暂时倒退消失，铜是制作工具和武器的主要金属材料，历史学家把该时期命名为青铜时代。

欧洲古典时期从前700年古希腊文字再次出现开始。罗马共和国于前509年建立。罗马帝国的领土约于公元150年到达最大。395年，罗马帝国一分为二。476年，最后一个西罗马帝国皇帝罗慕路斯·奥古斯都被废黜，欧洲进入中世纪时期。